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1、The Great Mosque at Huajue Lane Good morning,ladies and gentlemen.I m your local guide Fay.Today we are going to visit the Great Mosque at Huajue Lane.Are you ready?OK let s go!I will introduce you to this unique mosque which has a history of 1200 years and enjoys the reputation as one of the four m
2、ost famous mosques in China.In order to impress this senic spot,please let me give you a very brief introduction about the city of Xi anat first.It was the capital of 13 Dynasties in ancient China.As the starting point of the Silk Road,Xi an became an international city,especially during the Tang Dy
3、nasty.The society of the Tang Dynasty was wealthy and people were very open minded.They welcomed different cultures,arts and religions.The world s two major religions were introduced to China during the Tang Dynasty:Christianity and Islam.Islam was founded in the early 7th century AD by the Arab pro
4、phet,Muhammad.The word Islam means submission.Today it is the second largest religion with almost a billion believers in the world.One person out of every 5 to 6 today follows Islam and is called a Muslim.Muslims are divided into two branches:Sunnis and Shiites.About 90%of all Muslims are Sunnis.Chi
5、nese Muslims belong to the Sunni sect.Islam was introduced to China by merchants,travelers and missionaries from Arabic countries,Persia,and Afghanistan by land over the Silk Road and also by sea.Muslim men married local Chinese women,settled down,and their children became the first generation of Ch
6、inese Muslims.We call them Hui people.Today the Muslim population in China is about 20millions.Xi an has approximately 70,000Muslims.The Great Mosque at Huajue Lane is a major worship place for Muslims and it is famous for its uniqueness:First,it is the largest and the best preserved among of the fo
7、urteen mosques in Xi an.It is believed to have been built during the Tang Dynasty making it one of the ealiest.Second,architecturally,the mosque does not look like the Arabic mosques.It resembles a Chinese temple or garden of the traditional Ming-Qing Dynasty style.Arabic letterings and scriptures a
8、re carved on the walls.Third:Unlike traditional Chinese temples which always open the door to the south,the door of the Great Mosque opens to the east.And if you want to know why the door opens to the east,follow me,You ll geit the answer at the end of this tour!And now let s go into the first court
9、yard.Here we can see a wooden Memorial Arch.It was constructed without nails using the traditional Chinese skill called Dougong,which means tongue-in-groove.This construction and the elastic nature of wood allow the arch to be loose or tight,depending on the weather,and protect it against earthquake
10、s.In ancient times Memorial Arches were a landmark of important places such as temples,parks,and palaces.A memorial arch might also be built to honor or commemorate a distinguished person.In the middle of the second courtyard there is a stone archway carved with four Chinese characters which means G
11、od is watching above.On either side of the archway there are two tablets.The one on the right was written by a very famous Muslim calligrapher,Mifu,of the Song Dynasty.It says May the truth be fulfilled in the universe.The one to the left was written by another famous calligrapher,Dong Qichang,in th
12、e Ming Dynasty.Next,we will visit the third courtyard.Locked in the wooden case at the entrance to the third courtyard is a stone tablet called the Moon tablet or the Month Tablet.It was compiled by Xiao Xinning who was in charge of this mosque in 1732.It is a calculation of the Hui calendar in Arab
13、ic and informs believers of Ramadan.Muslims are required to fast between sunrise and sunset in the 9th month of the year.This tablet is a treasure of the Great Mosque.In the middle of the third courtyard,there is a three-story tower that looks like a traditional pagoda.It has the same function as th
14、e minaret in Arabic countries.It is from this tower that the Imam or Muezzin summons the faithful to prayer.Here we can also see important structures-the Water Houses where 名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 1 页，共 12 页 -Muslim must clean their body before they attend their services.The body cleaning can be di
15、vided into two kinds:the major oblation and the minor oblation.The major oblation means,people need use clean water to bathe themselves,and the minor oblation means if the believers come from a place without water,they can use the sand to wash themselves.Now we get to the last courtyard.The structur
16、e in front of us is the Phoenix Pavilion.This is where worshipers wait for services.There are three parts to the pavilion which is thought to resemble a flying phoenix,hence its name.On top of the middle part there are two Chinese characters,Yi zhen,means one truth.Muslims believe that their belief
17、is the only truth in the world.They recite the Shahaba,which states that there is no God but Allah,and Muhammad is the Prophet of Allah.Now,let s walk to the end of the last courtyard.Here is the Prayer Hall of the Mosque.It is large enough to hold over 1000 worshipers.The ceiling is painted with ov
18、er 600 relief panels.The walls on the inside of the hall are painted with the scripture of the Koran in both Arabic letterings and Chinese characters.Outside of the hall,there are the clocks which strike five times per day,as Muslims pray five times every day.They can pray anywhere,one the plane,in
19、the street,or at home.They do the communal prayer on Friday at the Mosque.Women are separated in prayer and are not allowed in this hall.The Shrine is at the west end of the hall because Mecca is located to the west of China.Muslims always face the direction of their holy city,Mecca,while they are p
20、raying.Therefore,all mosques in China open their doors to the east and worshipers pray to the west.OK everyone,so much for this today!We still have some free time.So next,you may look around and take some pictures.We ll leave at 2 o clock,so please don t be late.You know I ll miss you.And I ll stay
21、here,If you have any question,please ask me.By the way,watch your step please!So next,it s you turn.You may look around and enjoy yourselves.Thank you for listening!Museum of Forest of Stone Tablets in Xi anGood morning,Ladies and gentlemen.I m your local guide Fay.Today we are going to visit the tr
22、easure house of ancient calligraphy and stone carving art of China,the Museum of Forest of Stone Tablets,Are you ready?OK let s go!This museum is located at the site of Confucian temple in SanXue Street,Xi an.This museum was set up in 1087 and it collected more than 3000 stone tablets from the Han d
23、ynasty through the Qing dynasty.The whole area consists of 3 parts:Confucian temple,exhibition of stone tablets and stone carvings./总述Here we can see this museum is very beautiful because it used the tradition Chinese courtyard style.So compared with other places,t his museum is always quite peacefu
24、l and very silence.Now I d like to take this temple as an example to talk a little bit about Confucian,the great philosopher,educationist,politician in feudal society.And he was highly respected by Chinese.In order to show the respect for him,all the Confucian temple have no gate facing south,as thi
25、s one showing only the gate open to the east and west what we called the gate of righteousness and courtesy respectively./简介孔子Ok,now this way please.Inside this museum,we can see a wooden Memorial arch standing here;its Chinese name is PaiLou.It is set up to honor or commemorate a distinguished pers
26、on;as we continue our walking,now we are on the bridge over pond in half circle which is special structure of Confucian temple,in the ancient time only those students who passed state examination would be allowed to pass here./太和元气坊，畔池Now let s go through the stone gate in the middle which was only
27、for high ranks in the past.Here we can see two national treasures.On the west side there is a stone horse which was one of few relics of DaXia short period.The Da xia period is a very short period in Chinese history,and there are lots of wars at that time.It s difficult to find relics of this time,s
28、o it s very precious.In the east pavilion there is the JingYun Bell which was cast in 711AD and was moved here from JingLong Taoist temple.This Bell is unique 名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 2 页，共 12 页 -in 3 aspects:first:it has exquisitely carving with phoenix and dragons.Second,it has beautiful sound whi
29、ch was recorded by CCTV and was played on New Years eve to welcome the New Year s coming.Third,it has unique epigraph./大夏石马，景云钟Now we are going to visit 7 major stone tablet exhibition rooms.In front of the first exhibition room,we can see the stone-base Classic of Filial piety which is the largest
30、and earliest one in this museum.It stands about 6 meters high and was made up of 35 pieces of blue stones.It was engraved in 745AD and annotated by LiLongJi(the 7th emperor of Tang dynasty).He wrote the preface to show his wish to manage the country by advocating the principles of Filial piety./石台孝经
31、In the first room,let s see the most completed and heaviest books in the world The KaiCheng stone Classics which was the doctrine of the Confucius and must readings for all the intellectuals in feudal society.In the past,copying was the popular way for students who study the doctrines.To prevent cop
32、ying errors,emperor Tang Wenzong employed many sculptors to carve the 12 classics on stone tablets for the students to get the rubbings from them.With another classic Mencius carved in Qing dynasty together we call 13 classics./开成石经In the second room,we can see many stone tablets of calligraphy in T
33、ang dynasty.And the most famous one is the Nestorian Tablet.This tablet is also a national treasure,as it was the first one in Syrian characters that recorded Nestorians(one sect of Christianity)was introduced into China from Roman Empire in 635AD.It describes its essence,ceremony,and activities in
34、China./大秦景教流行中国碑In the third room,various style of Chinese calligraphy can be seen on stone tablets such as the seal script,the official script,regular script,running hand and cursive hand.Let me give you very brief introduction of the development of Chinese characters.The seal scripts were only pop
35、ular in Qin dynasty,and it was difficult for us to reading and writing.Based on that,new forms were created:they are the official and regular scripts.This was easy to remember because today we are still using it and it is popular to everybody.Running and cursive hand were also boldly used by some ca
36、lligraphers at that time,it is quite different to control./中国文字字体发展简史The rest exhibition rooms house calligraphy and paintings,literatures and poems from different dynasties,And in the court yard you can see many stone stakes with animals or figures carved on the top.In the past,they are fortying ho
37、rses as well as for decoration.Ok,this way please.We are going to see the stone carving gallery.The stone carvings here are the masterpiece of stone arts from Han and Tang dynasty that arranged in chronological order.It can be divided into two parts:those are found from tombs and those are related t
38、o religions.Here,I d like to introduce the six famous steeds for you.Not only they are so beautiful and vivid sculptures,But also they were the best friends of Tang emperor Tai zong(the second emperor of Tang dynasty),because they kept their master in safe each time when they wounded with arrows on
39、battle.In memory of his horses,Tang emperor Tai zong had them carved in relief to company his tomb.They guard the emperor s tomb for 1200 years until 1914 when Ameirca,Car W Bishop succeeded in steeling two of them which are now in the museum of the University of Pennsylvania.That s why four of them
40、 broken and two still completed.That s very pity./石刻艺术室(昭陵六骏)Ok,everyone,so much for this today.We still have some free time.So next,you may look around and take some pictures.We ll leave at 11o clock,so please don t be late.You know I will miss you.And I ll stay here,if you have any question,please
41、 ask me.By the way,watch your step please!So next,it s your turn.Enjoy yourself and thank you for listening./结束名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 3 页，共 12 页 -The museum of Terracotta Warriors and Horses Ladies and gentlemen,good morning,so nice to see you again.I m your local guide Fay.Today,we are going to v
42、isit the Museum of Terracotta Warriors and Horses.Are you ready?OK let s go!This museum is located at the foot of mountain Li Shan,about 35 kilometers east of Xi an.On the way,I will give you a brief introduction about the master of this underground army-the First Qin Emperor.His name was Yingzheng.
43、He came to the throne at the age of 13 in 246BC and seized the power at the age of 22 in 237BC.By 221BC,when he was only 39 years old,he had annexed all the six independent states and established the first centralized autocratic feudal empire in the long history of China./秦始皇简介After the unification
44、of the whole country,he styled himself the First Emperor and standardized the coinage,weights and measures,the legal codes,the written scripts and so on.He also ordered the linkage of the original Great Wall.All these exerted an everlasting influence on the long feudal history of China./功绩简介But,just
45、 like each coin has two sides,the First Qin Emperor thought his contributions were beyond compare,so he became more and more arrogant and ambitious.As soon as he came to the throne,he ordered that a magnificent mausoleum should be built for him.And after the unification of the whole country,he even
46、gathered 700,000 conscripts from all parts of the country to work on his mausoleum.In fact,it took 37years to complete this project.And the site of those terracotta warriors and horses,we are going to visit,is just a small part of his mausoleum.Ok,everyone,now we are standing at the front gate of th
47、e Eighth Wonder of the world-the Museum of Terracotta Warriors and Horses.There are three pits of warriors and horses and two bronze chariots have been found.The first one was discovered in March 1974 when several farmers were sinking a well.And in 1976,another 2 pits were also uncovered.They cover
48、a total area of 20,780 square meters.And the bronze chariots were found in December 1980.In order to protect this terracotta army,the Chinese government built a museum in 1975,and it was officially open to the public on October 1,1979.As one of the top ten places of historical interest in China,it w
49、as also listed as a world heritage site./兵马俑及铜车马的出So next,let s go to uncover the veil of them one by one.Ladies and gentlemen,now we are standing at the front of pit 1.It is about 230 meters long,62meters wide and 5 meters deep.It covers an area of 14,260 square meters,and it is an earth-and wood s
50、tructure in the shape of a tunnel.We will also find that the whole pit is divided into 11corridors by 10earth-rammed partition walls,and the floor was paved with brick./一号坑简介The terracotta armies in pit 1 were arranged in battle formation.In the front of this formation,there are 210warriors in 3 lin