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1、1 情态动词【情态动词】又叫情态助动词。它们具有以下特点：它们必须与其他动词连用，即：情态动词动词原形表示说话人对所述动作的看法，如需要、可能、意愿或怀疑等。绝大多数情态动词没有人称和数的变化，即第三人称单数不加-s（以 be 和 have 开头的情态动词短语除外）。在意义上，情态动词具有“多义性”。例：can 既可表示能力，又可表示可能、允许等意义。【情态动词的基本用法】1.can 的基本用法：表示体力或智力上的能力，即“能够，会”，可与 be able to 转换。例：He can speak English.=He is able to speak English.Can you pla
2、y basketball?No,I cant.如果表示 将来 具备的能力，要用will be able to。例：If I have a good sleep,I will be able to do the problem.表示 许可，主要用于口语，书面语一般用may。例：Can we go home now,please?No,you cant.You can only smoke in this room.You cant keep the library books for more than a month.表示“可能”，与 may 同义，但一般用在疑问句中。例：What can h
3、e possibly want?在否定句中，否定形式can t 表示推测“不大可能”。例：Anybody can make mistakes.The news cant be true.与第一、二人称 连用时，还可以就可能的解决问题的方式或可能的行为提出建议。在这里，也可用could 使语气婉转。例：Can/Could we meet again next week?下周我们可以再见面吗？What shall we do?我们怎么办呢？We can/could try asking Lucy for help.我们可以请露茜帮忙试试看。You can/could help me with th
4、e cooking.你可以帮我做饭。2.may 的基本用法:表示“许可”，用 can比较口语化。例：You may/can come if you wish.如果你想来，你就来。You may not pick flowers in this park.本公园内不许摘花。（may not 表示按规定不许可，如果用mustnt则表示说话人不许可。）May I smoke here?我可以在这里抽烟吗？No,you mustn t.不行。（mustn t表示明确的禁止。）肯定句中表示推测，“可能”。例：It may rain tomorrow.明天可能会下雨。The news may not be
5、 true.这个消息可能不会是真的。注意：如果 在疑问句中表示“可能”，通常用can。例：Can it be true?那会是真的吗？Who can he be?他究竟是谁呢？【注意】：May I/we？名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 1 页，共 5 页 -2 Yes,you may./No,you mustnt.3.must 的基本用法:表示 必须，强调说话人的主观意志。例：I must go now,or Ill be late.You must be here by ten o clock.【注意】：表示“必须“时，must 的否定式为needn t，或 don t h
6、ave to,而不是 mustn t。也就是：Must I/we do it now？Yes,you must.No,you neednt/dont have to.例：Must I go with them?No,you.表示 推测，一般只用于 肯定陈述句,表示非常肯定。例：She didn t look at me.She must be angry.她不朝我看，一定是生气了。He is good at English.He must know the word.他英语好，准知道这个词。You must be Mr.Jones.想必您就是琼斯先生吧。4.have to 的基本用法：have
7、 to 可视为情态动词，但它与其他情态动词在用法上稍有不同。其他情态动词没有人称和数的变化，而 have to 却有人称和数的变化，要视主语的不同而变化。例：I/You/We/They have to.He/She/It has to.You don t have to.Does she haveto?have to=have got to，意思是“必须，不得不”。和 must 不同之处：must 强调主观需要have to 强调客观需要。例：Sorry,I have to leave now.对不起，现在我得走了。I ve got to go to a meeting.我得去参加一个会议。W
8、ill he have to work deep into the night?他将不得不工作到深夜吗？5.need的基本用法：need的基本词义是“需要”，它既可作情态动词，又可作实义动词。need用作 情态动词 时，只用于否定句和疑问句。它只有一种形式，后接动词原形。例：I don t believe you need worry.我相信你没有必要焦急。Need we go so soon?我们需要这么早就去吗？Yes,we must./No,we neednt.是的，必须。不，不必。So I needn t tell him,need I?所以我不需要告诉他，对吧？请比较以下两句话的不同
9、意思：You needn t buy the coat.你没有必要买那件外衣。（你还没买）You needn t have bought the coat.你没有必要买这件外衣的。（而你却买了）【注意】：Need I/we？Yes，you must./No,you neednt/dont have to.need用作实义动词时，有时态、人称和数的变化。如果 人作主语，一般后接带to 的动词不定式。即need to do sth；如果 物作主语，一般后用need to be done 或 need doing sth。例如：I need to look up this word in the d
10、ictionary.My watch needs mending/to be mended.我的手表需要修理了。We don t need to work today.(=We needn t work today.)Does he need to go right now?(=Need he go right now?)名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 2 页，共 5 页 -3 6.had better 的基本用法：had better 常略作 d better。现代语法认为它是一个助动词，因为它后接不带to 的动词不定式。had better do sth 意思是“最好做某
11、事；还是做某事比较好”。例：You d better get some sleep.你最好睡一会儿。You d better not do that again.你最好别再做那件事。What had we better do now?我们现在怎么做才好呢？Hadnt we better tell her the truth?我们是否最好不告诉她真相?【注意】：You d better.表示劝告或委婉的命令，对长辈不宜使用。7.could,should,would,might 表示推测：.must 多用于肯定句中表示把握性极大的推测,意思为“一定、肯定”。如:You have worked ha
12、rd all day.You must be tired.你已辛苦工作一整天了,一定累了。The book must be his.His name is on the cover.这本书一定是他的,封面上写着他的名字。【注意】must 不表推测时,在肯定句中意思为“必须(强调内在的职责)”,在否定句 中意思为“不许、禁止”,以它开头的疑问句否定回答常用needn t 或 don t(doesn t)have to。如:We must obey the traffic rules.我们必须遵守交通规则。Cars mustnt be parked here.此处严禁停车。Must we hand
13、 in the papers this week?我们必须本星期交论文吗?No,you needn t.不,你们不必(本星期交)。.can/could 多用于 否定句、疑问句或感叹句 中表示 推测、怀疑,两者在时间上没有差别。用can 时不相信的程度更强一些,cant 常常译为“不可能”。如:The man under the tree cant be Tom.He s gone to England.这个人不可能是Tom,他已经去英国了。Can it be true that he was fooled by a five-year-old boy?他被一个五岁的孩子愚弄了,这能是真的吗?C
14、ould this be an excuse?这会不会是个借口?How can you be so careless!你怎么这样粗心!.may/might 多用来表示 把握性不大的推测,意思为“也许、可能”,might比 may 的把握性更小一些。may not 在否定句中常常译为“可能不”。(注意区分“不可能”与“可能不”在把握性大小上的差异。)如:Mr.Wang may know Professor Lis telephone number.王先生也许知道李教授的电话号码。This might be the key Tom has been looking for.这可能就是汤姆一直在找的
15、钥匙。She may not be there today.今天她可能不在那儿。一、典型例题【中考链接】（）1Who is the man over there?Is it Mr.Li?No,it _ be him.Mr.Li is much taller.A.mustnt B.may no C.can t D.needn t（）2Must I go with them tomorrow？No，you _.A.mustnt B.shouldnt C.neednt D.cant（）3_ I take some photos in the hall?No,you _.A.Can,neednt B.
16、Must,mustn t C.Could,won t D.May,mustnt（）4Dad,must I finish my homework today?No,you _.You may do it tomorrow.A.needn t B.mustn t C.don t D.won t（）5The lake is said to be dry.Is that true?It _.Look,some kids are swimming in it.A.must be true B.can t be trueC.may not be true（）6What is your mother goi
17、ng to do this Saturday?I m not sure.She _ go to see my grandmother.A.can B.must C.may 名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 3 页，共 5 页 -4（）7Susan has bought a large house with a swimming pool.It _ be very expensive.I never even dream about it.A.must B.might C.can t D.shouldn t（）8Listen!Is Professor Johnson giving
18、 a report in the hall?No,it be him.He has gone to Japan.A.needn tB.may not C.mustn tD.can t（）9Let s go to the West Hill Park by taxi.Oh,it is not far away from here.We _take a taxi.A.couldnt B.mustn t C.needn t D.can t（）10Can you play the piano?Yes,I _.I often practice it on weekends.A.needn t B.nee
19、d C.can t D.can 三、课后练习一、用 can,may,must,need,have to,had better 的适当形式填空：1.You _ return the library book on time.2.I _(not)find the way to the hospital._ you show me the way?3._ I finish the work right now?No,you _(not).You _ do it later.4.He said he _(not)come tonight.5.Her mother was ill.She _ stay
20、at home and look after her.6.It s time for class.You _ stop playing football or you _be late for class.7.We _ start right now,or they would get there first.8.The cloud is lifting,so it _(not)be a rainy day tomorrow.二、选择填空（）1.Do we have to finish our homework this afternoon?Yes,you _.A.must B.can C.m
21、ay D.need（）2.Must I be in hospital for a week，Doctor?No，you A.mustn tB.needn t（）3.The desk is not dirty.You _clean it.A.mustn tB.shouldn tC.needn t C.cant（）4.May I watch TV for a while？No,you _.You have to finish your homework first.A.shouldnt B.needn t C.mustn t D.won t（）5.Is Jessica giving us a sp
22、eech this evening?No,it _be her.She_ to Japan.A.mustn t;has gone B.mustn t;has beenC.can t;has goneD.can t;has been（）6.Its the library!So you_ know shouting is not allowed here.A.can B.must C.need D.may（）7.Boys and girls,dont forg et your report.It _ today.A.can t finishB.can t be finishedC.should f
23、inish D.should be finished（）8.Mr Smith must have been to your home this morning.No,he _,because he didn t know my address.A.couldn tB.cantC.mustn tD.may not（）9.Must I mop up the window now?No,you_.A.needn tB.cantC.shouldn tD.mustn t（）10.Is Lucy knocking at the door?No.It _ be Lucy.She is in Japan no
24、w.A.needn t B.must C.can t（）11.Another cup of coffee?名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 4 页，共 5 页 -5 No,thanks.I _ be off.Mary is waiting for me.A.can B.may C.must D.might（）12.I m a little tired.Lets go to the zoo by taxi.We take a taxi.It s not far from here.A.cant B.mustn t C.couldn t D.needn t（）13.If the t
25、raffic light is red,you _ cross the road.Its very dangerous.A.don t B.mustn t C.needn t D.wouldnt（）14.Must I finish watering the flowers now?No,you_.A.must B.won t C.needn t D.can t（）15.I can t give up smoking,doctor.For your health,I m afraid you _.A.may B.can C.have to D.must 名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 5 页，共 5 页 -