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1、情态动词总结及练习题情态动词专题：情态动词（一）情态动词的定义 : 情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度。（二）情态动词的特点 : 1）有一定词义； 2）不受主语人称和数的变化影响；3）与主要动词的原形 （或称不带 to 的不定式）一起构成谓语（除ought to作固定词组看待）。（三）情态动词的基本用法1. can (could) 1）表示能力， could 主要指过去时间。Two eyes can see more than one. 两只眼比一只眼看得清。Could the girl read before she went to school? 这女孩上学前能识字吗？2）表示可能（
2、理论上或是逻辑判断上）。The temperature can fall to 60 , that is 60 below freezing. 气温可降至 60，也就是零下60。He can t (couldn t) have enough money for a new car.他不可能有足够的钱买新车。You mustnt smoke while youre walking around in the wood. You could start a fire. 在林子里走时勿吸烟，那样可能会引起火灾。3）表示允许。Can I have a look at your new pen? 我可以
3、看一看你的新钢笔吗？He asked whether he could take the book out of the reading-room. 他问他可不可以把书带出阅览室。4）表惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度。主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。Where can (could) they have gone to? 他们会去哪儿了呢？He can t (couldn t) be over sixty.他不可能超过六十岁。How can you be so careless? 你怎么这么粗心？5）比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法。Can (Could) you lend me a hand?
4、帮我一把好吗？I m afraid we couldn t give you an answer today.恐怕我们今天不能给你答复。2. may (might)1）表允许， might 可以指过去时间，也可指现在时间，语气更委婉。You may take whatever you like. 你喜欢什么就拿什么。He told me that I might smoke in the room. 他告诉我可以在房间里抽烟。May (Might) I ask for a photo of your baby? 我可以要一张你宝宝的照片吗？在回答以may 引起的问句时，多避免用这个词，而用其它
5、方式，如Yes, please. / Certainly. / Please don t ./ You d better not. / No, you mustn t.等，以免显得太严峻或不客气。2）表可能（事实上） 。可以指过去时间，也可以指现在时间，但语气更加不肯定。He may be at home. 他可能在家。She may not know about it. 她可能不知道这件事。He was afraid they might not agree with him. 他担心他们可能不同意他的意见。They might be having a meeting, but I m no
6、t sure.他们有可能在开会，不过我不肯定。3. must1）表示义务。意为“ 必须 ” （主观意志） 。We must do everything step by step. 我们一切都必须循序渐进地做。You mustn t talk to her like that.你不可能那样对她说话。-Must we hand in our exercise books now? 我们现在就要交练习本吗？-No, you needn t. / No, you don t have to.不必。 （这种情况下，一般不用mustn t）2）表示揣测。意为“ 想必、准是、一定” 等，只用于肯定句。He
7、must be ill. He looks so pale. 他准是病了。他的脸色苍白。She s wearing a diamond necklace. She must have a lot of money. 她戴着钻石项链，一定很有钱。4. shall 1）表征询意见，用于第一、第三人称疑问句。Shall I get you some tea? 我给你点茶好吗？Shall the boy wait outside? 让那男孩在外面等吗？精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 6 页What shall we do thi
8、s evening? 我们今晚做什么？2）表说话人的意愿，有“ 命令、允诺、警告、决心” 等意思，用于第二、第三人称陈述句。You shall do as I say. 按我说的做。 （命令）You shall have my answer tomorrow. 你明天可以得到我的答复。（允诺）He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you. 有一天他会后悔的，我告诉你。（警告）Nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan. 什么也不能阻止我们执行这项计划。（决心）5. will1）表意愿，用于各种人称
9、陈述句。I will do anything for you. 我愿为你做任何事。None is so blind as those who won t see.不愿看的人眼最瞎。If you will r ead the book, I ll lend it to you.如果你愿意读这本书，我会把它借给你。2）表请求，用于疑问句。Will you close the window? It s a bit cold.请你把窗户关上好吗？有点冷。Won t you drink some more coffee?再来一点咖啡好吗？3）表示某种倾向或习惯性动作。Fish will die out
10、of water. 鱼离开水就不能活。The door won t open. 这门打不开。The boy will sit there hour after hour looking at the traffic go by. 那男孩常常坐在那里好几个钟点，看着车辆行人通过。6. should1）表义务。意为“ 应该 ” （某件事宜于做） ，用于各种人称。You should be polite to your teachers. 你对老师应该有礼貌。You shouldn t waste any time. 你不应该浪费时间。2）表推测，意为“ 想必一定、照说应该、估计” 等。The fi
11、lm should be very good as it is starring first-class actors. 这部新电影是一流演员主演的，估计拍得很好。They should be home by now. 照说他们现在应当已经到家了。7.would1）表意愿。They would not let him in because he was poorly dressed. 他们不让他进去因为他衣着破旧。I said I would do anything for you. 我说过我愿意为你做任何事。2）表委婉地提出请求、建议或看法。Would you like another gl
12、ass of beer? 再来杯啤酒好吗？Would you mind cleaning the window? 请把窗户擦一下好吗？They wouldn t have anything against it.他们不会有什么反对意见。3）表过去反复发生的动作或过去的一种倾向。Every time she was in trouble, she would go to him for help. 她每遇到麻烦都会向她求助。他告诉我盒子打不开了。8. ought to1）表义务，意为“ 应该 ” （因责任、义务等该做），口气比 should 稍重。You are his father. You
13、ought to take care of him. 你是他父亲，应当管他。You oughtn t to smoke so much. 你不应该抽这么多烟。2）表推测，暗含很大的可能，语气较弱。Han Mei ought to know his telephone number. 韩梅该知道他的电话号码。There s a fine sunset; it ought to be a fine day tomorrow.今天有晚霞，明天应该是个好天。9. used to表示过去的习惯动作或状态，现在不复发生或存在。疑问式和否定式有两种。He used to live in the countr
14、yside, but now he lives in the city.他过去住在乡下，现在住在城里。There used to be a building at the street corner, but it has been pulled down. 街道拐角处过去有座楼房，现在拆了。I usedn t (didn t use) to smoke.我过去不抽烟。Used you (Did you use) to go to school on foot? 你过去常步行去学校吗？（一） need 和 dare的用法 need和 dare既可用作情态动词，也可用作实义动词。用作情态动词时，
15、主要用于否定句和疑问句。用作实义动词时，可用于各种句式。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 6 页1.用作情态动词-Need I come? -Yes, you must. - 我需要来吗？ -需要。You needn t telephone him now.你现在不必打电话给他。I don t think you need worry.我想你不必发愁。She dare not go out alone at night. 她晚上不敢一个人出去。How dare you say I m unfair?你竟敢说我不公平？Not
16、 one of them dared mention this. 他们谁也不敢提这件事。2.用作实义动词You don t need to do it yourself. 你不必亲自做这件事。We need to tell them the news. 我们需要把这消息告诉他们。The table needs painting (to be painted.). 桌子需要油漆一下。We should dare to give our own opinion. 我们要敢于提出自己的观点。He did not dare (to) look up. 他不敢抬头看。I dare say he ll c
17、ome again.我想他会再来的。 （ I dare say为固定习语）（二）情态动词后跟完成式和进行式的用法1.情态动词后跟完成式，表“ 应当已经 ” ， “ 想必已经 ” ， “ 本来可以 ” 等意。I should have finished the work earlier. 我应当早一点完成这项工作的。He isn t here. He must have missed the train. 他还未到，一定是没赶上火车。Where can (could) he have gone? 他能到那里去了呢？You may (might) have read about it. 你可能在报
18、上已经读到这件事了。You could (might) have been more careful. 你本来可以更细心的。He needn t have worried about it.他本不必为此事担心。There was a lot of fun at yesterdays party. You ought to have come, but why didnt you? 昨天的聚会非常有意思。你本应该来，为何不来呢？2. 情态动词后跟进行式，表示“ 想必正在 ” ，“ 可能正在 ” ，“ 应当正在 ” 等意。It s twelve o clock. They must be havi
19、ng lunch.现在是十二点。他们一定正在吃饭。They may be discussing this problem. 他们可能正在论讨这个问题。He can t be telling the truth. 他说的不可能是真话。She shouldn t be working like that. She s still so weak.她不应当那样干，她身体仍那么虚。（三）几组词的辨异1. can 和 be able to 1）情态动词can只有两种时态形式，现在式can和过去式could，而 be able to 有多种时态形式。Mary can play the piano. She
20、 has been able to play it since she was 5. 玛丽会弹钢琴。她五岁起就会弹了。2）用在过去时中，could 经常表示能够做某事，事实上不一定去做，而was were able to 则表示 “ 过去做成了某事” 。在否定句中两者可通用。He could across the English Channel. But he didnt feel like it that day. 他能游过英吉利海峡，但那天他不想游。Yesterday I was able to get home before the heavy rain. 昨天我在下大雨前赶到了家里。2
21、. must 和 have to must 表示主观意志，而have to表示由于客观因素不得不做某事。must 没有过去式，除在间接引语中可用于表示过去时间，在直接引语中表示过去时间应该用had to 代替。I told her that she must give up smoking. 我叫她必须戒烟。We had to get everything ready that night. 我们那晚得把一切准备就绪。3. would 和 used to 1）used to表示过去与现在或过去某时与后来的情况有不同，而would 只表过去的情况。People used to think tha
22、t the earth was flat. 过去人们认为地球是平的。（现在人们不这么认为。）She would go out for a walk in the morning when she was in the country. 在乡下时，她总是在早晨去散会儿步。（可能现在仍有散步的习惯。）2）used to可表示过去的习惯动作和经常的情况，而would 只表示过去的习惯动作。He used to would smoke while writing.过去他写东西时常抽烟。She used to be fat. 她过去很胖。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 -
23、 - - - - - -第 3 页，共 6 页EXCISES:1. I _ you, because I thought I must be wrong. A. dare not ask B. dare not to ask C. dare not asking D. dare to not ask 2. There _ some flowers in the garden. A. were used to be B. used to be C. uses to be D. used to be having 3. _ I take it out? Im sorry, you _. A. Co
24、uld .couldnt B. Might.might not C. Could.can D. May.cant 4. You were stupid to climb the tree. You _ hurt yourself. A. may B. might C. will D. might have 5. You _ those letters. Why didnt you ? A. should post B. should have posted C. must have posted D. ought to post. 6. All the lights are on, the S
25、miths _ up. A. must get B. is getting C. must be getting D. would get 7. He _ lead a horse to the water but he _ not make it drink. A. will.can B. may.can C. may.dares D. dare.can 8. Need we do this job now? Yes, _. A. you need B. you should C. you must D. you can 9. _ to have lunch with us today? A
26、. Do you likes B. Would you like C. Will you liked D. Have you liked 10. He said that you _ watch TV all the evening if you wished. A. may B. must C. can D. might 11. -Is John coming by train? -He should, but he _ not. He likes driving his car. A. must B. can C. need D. may 12. Peter _ come with us
27、tonight, but he isnt very sure yet. A. must B. can C. may D. will 13. Michael _ be a policeman, for hes much too short. A. neednt B. cant C. shouldnt D. wont 14. I thought you _ be hungry, so I have brought you some cakes. A. may B. might C. can D. could 15. I wonder how he _ that to the teacher. A.
28、 dare to say B. dare saying C. not dare say D. dared say 16. Come on! We _ hurry because there isnt much time left. A. may B. must C. can D. need 17. Amy did best in the English test. She _ hard last week. A. must have working B. should have worked C. should work D. must work 18. The fire spread thr
29、ough the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out. A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to 19. -I stayed at a hotel while in New York. -Oh, did you? You _ with Barbara. A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed 20. Its nearly seven oclock. Jack _ be here at any moment.
30、 A. must B. need C. should D. can 答案：1.A2.B3.D4.D5.B6.C7.B8.C9.B10.D11.D12.C13.B14.B15.D16.B17.A18.D19.A20.C 书面表达是对学生在初中阶段英语学习的综合考查，涉及篇章结构、句子构成、短语使用和单词拼写等多方面内容，以下就中考书面表达的写作方法和注意事项进行指导：一、认真审题，确定时态人称，同时关注题材格式时态：故事性文章一般用过去时，其中表达感受时可用现在时。说明性或议论性文章一般用现在时，举例时可用过去时。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - -
31、 - -第 4 页，共 6 页根据题目要求也会出现时态的交错使用，如过去和现在的对比等。如果句中出现了时间状语，时态则要遵循时间状语。如 ago，last 过去时next ，in 将来时等人称：注意在句子中人称的统一。例如：Thanks to the teachers, we have improved our English. 其中 we和 our 就是人称的统一。格式：注意书信格式的开头和结尾。二、找全信息点，紧扣主题，突出重点切忌只看表格中或所列1、2、3 中的信息点。一定把题读全，找齐信息点，建议用铅笔标出，写完后再涂掉。根据题目，可适当增加合理内容。特别注意文章要有开头和结尾。三、成
32、文时表述正确，文字流畅切忌与汉语提示的一一对应，使用所学表达方法将语义表达出来即可。首先考虑句子结构（如主谓宾，主系表等）。同时注意短语的正确使用和单词的拼写，最好使用课本上学过的短语和句式。四、文章结构清晰，重点句型出彩，可使文章在得分上提高一个档次考虑文章的篇章结构，使用适当的连接短语，使文章结构紧凑。常用连接词：1. 表文章结构顺序： First of all，Firstly/First，Secondly/Second And then ，Finally，In the end，At last 2. 表并列补充关系的： What ismore ，Besides ，Moreover，Furt
33、hermore ，Inaddition 3. 表转折对比关系的： However ，On the contrary，but Although+clause （ 从句）， In spite of+n/doing On the one hand On the other handSome ，while others4. 表因果关系的： Because，As So，Thus，Therefore ，As a result 5. 表换一种方式表达： In other words 6. 表进行举例说明： For example ，句子； For instance，句子； such as+n/doing 7
34、. 表陈述事实： In fact 8. 表达自己观点： As far as I know，In my opinion 9. 表总结： In short，In a word ，In conclusion，In summary 文中正确使用两三个好的句型，如：宾语从句、状语从句、动名词做主语等。宾语从句举例： I believe Tianjin will be more beautifulandprosperous. 状语从句举例： If everyone does something for the environment, ourhometown will become clean and b
35、eautiful. 动名词做主语举例： Reading books in the sun is bad for our eyes. It s bad for our eyes to read books in the sun. 常用状语从句句型：1）时间 when ，not until，as soon as 2）目的 so that+clause；to do （ 为了）3）结果 sothat+clause ，too to do （太以至于）4）条件 if ，unless （除非）， as long as （只要）5）让步 though，although ，even though ，even i
36、f no matter what/when/where/who/which/how 6）比较 asas，not so as，than 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 6 页五、认真检查，检查信息点是否全面，时态、人称是否一致，句子结构是否清晰，短语使用、单词拼写是否准确等。检查后，将草稿誊写在纸上，请注意按结构分段，书写清晰。下面列举一些在检查中可发现的错误：1.We live more and more comfortable. 改正：comfortably （副词修饰动词）2. e can get many info
37、rmations by reading newspapers. 改正：much information （不可数名词由 much修饰）3.There has many programs in TV. 改正：There are many programs on TV. （There be 句型和介词短语）4.I think ride a bike can keep our health. 改正：I think riding a bike can keep us healthy.（动名词作主语）建议大家练习或模仿不同题材的文章，特别注意改错总结和吸取范文中好的结构与表达方法，适当运用于自己的文章中。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 6 页