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1、Subjunctivemood虚拟语气虚拟语气n1.虚拟语气用以表示虚拟语气用以表示假定，想象，愿望假定，想象，愿望等非等非事实的观念。事实的观念。n2.虚拟条件从句中的条件是假设的，因此主虚拟条件从句中的条件是假设的，因此主句的结论也只能是想象的，非事实的。句的结论也只能是想象的，非事实的。用于if 引导的非真实条件句01名词性从句中的虚拟语气其他情况0203虚拟语气的使用场合与现在事实相反与过去事实相反与将来事实相反条件句的省略与倒装主语从句中的虚拟语气宾语从句中的虚拟语气同位语从句中的虚拟语气条件条件从句从句If 从句的谓语形从句的谓语形式式主句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式现在现在过去过去未
2、来未来V+ed(were)haddonewould/could/should/might+V(原原)would/could/should/might+have+p.p.1.V.+ed.2.should+V.(原原)3.weretodowould/could/should/might+V.(原原)一、虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法一、虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法如果我有一亿美金，我就去买辆豪车。如果我有一亿美金，我就去买辆豪车。IfIhadonehundredmilliondollars,Iwouldbuyafancycar.1.1与现在事实相反的虚拟语气与现在事实相反的虚拟语气Ifyouha
3、dlistenedtomeevenalittlebit,youwouldnothavebeeninsuchatrouble.如果你听了我一点点的话，如果你听了我一点点的话，你就不会遇到这样的麻烦了你就不会遇到这样的麻烦了。1.2与过去事实相反：表示庆幸，遗憾，惋惜与过去事实相反：表示庆幸，遗憾，惋惜IfIshouldgotothemoontomorrow,Imighttakesomepicturesandsendthemtoyou.如果我明天就跑到月亮上的话，如果我明天就跑到月亮上的话，我就拍些照片，然后发给你。我就拍些照片，然后发给你。1.3与将来事实相反与将来事实相反1.如果你早来如果你早
4、来5 5分钟分钟,你就赶上这趟车了。你就赶上这趟车了。Ifyou_herefiveminutesearlier,you_thebus.2.如果我现在不忙如果我现在不忙,我就来帮你了。我就来帮你了。IfI_notbusy,I_younow.3.如果明天下雪了如果明天下雪了,我们怎么办？我们怎么办？What_wedoifit_tomorrow?had gotwerewould helpshouldweretosnowwould have caughtIfI_busylastnight,I_toseethefilmwithyou.had not beenwould have goneIfhe _ m
5、ore carefully,he_thecaraccidentyesterday.would not have had had driven IfI_(know)yourtelephonenumber,I_(telephone)youyesterday.had knownwouldhavetelephoned1.4asif/though+从句从句 Shelovesthebabyasifitwereherownson.Irememberthewholethingasifithadhappenedyesterday.Heopenedhismouthasifhewouldsaysomething他张
6、开嘴好像要说什么。他张开嘴好像要说什么。1、如果从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用“一般过去时一般过去时”。2、从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had过去分词过去分词”。3、从句表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用“wouldcouldmight动词原形动词原形”。他们就像朋友一样交谈。他们就像朋友一样交谈。Theytalkedasiftheywerefriendsforyears.她看起来好像年轻了十岁。Shelooksasifsheweretenyearsyounger.她看起来似乎是冰做的。她看起来似乎是冰做的。Shelookedasifsheweremadeofice.as if/tho
7、ugh后的从句一定要虚拟语气么？后的从句一定要虚拟语气么？nIt looks as if she is in love again.看上去她又坠入情网了。nIt seems as if we shall have to walk.故：as if 从句所表达的内容被看做是事实，或是有可能是真的，就要用陈述语气。It looks as if it is going to rain.1.5 虚拟语气的倒装虚拟语气的倒装Haditnotbeenforyourhelp,wecouldnthavefinishedtheworkaheadoftime.要不是你的帮助，我们就不可能提前完成任务。要不是你的帮助
8、，我们就不可能提前完成任务。Wereitnotfortherain,thecropswoulddie.要不是这场雨，这些庄家就会死。要不是这场雨，这些庄家就会死。=Butforyourhelp=Withoutyourhelp如果虚拟条件句的谓语部分如果虚拟条件句的谓语部分有有were,had和和should时时,可省略可省略if,把把were,had和和should放到从句主语前面去放到从句主语前面去,多见于面语。多见于面语。要是没有你的帮助，我就失败了。要是没有你的帮助，我就失败了。Hadyounothelpedme,Ishouldhavefailed.Haditnotbeenforyour
9、help,wecouldnthavefinishedtheworkaheadoftime.If it had not been for your help,Wereitnotfortherain,thecropswoulddie.If it were not for the rain，If it were not for 要不是If it had not been for 要不是nIve discovered I possessed a large number of different talents and skills that I never would have thought we
10、re within me had it not been for my open to being trying new opportunities.n我发现我拥有很多不同的天赋和技能，如果不是因为我对尝试新机会的开放心态，我永远都不会想到我会拥有这些天赋和技能。假如你处在我的地位，你也会这样干的。假如你处在我的地位，你也会这样干的。Wereyouinmyposition,youwoulddothesame.假如他们进攻我们，我们就把他们彻底假如他们进攻我们，我们就把他们彻底消灭干净。消灭干净。Shouldtheyattackus,wellwipethemoutcompletely.1.6 混
11、合时间的虚拟条件句混合时间的虚拟条件句A:I dont like my mother-in-law!B:听着，难道你没意识到没有你岳母没有你岳母，就没有你现在的老婆，就没有你现在的老婆 Liten,dont you realized that you couldnt have your wife,if it hadnt been your mother-in-law.A:Yes，thats why I dont like her.从句在过去从句在过去主句在现在主句在现在Life is not based on ifs!如果他听了我的劝告，他现在会通过考试。如果他听了我的劝告，他现在会通过考试。
12、Hewouldpassthetestifhehadtakenmyadvice.假如昨天我对他说了，现在我就知道该怎么假如昨天我对他说了，现在我就知道该怎么办了。办了。IfIhadspokentohimyesterday,Ishouldknowwhattodonow.假如我是你，我当时就不会打破那杯子。假如我是你，我当时就不会打破那杯子。IfIwereyou,Iwouldnothavebrokentheglass.2.1虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法wish1.wish的宾语的宾语从句从句现在现在:过去时过去时(were)过去过去:过去完成时过去完成时(haddone)
13、未来未来:would/could/+V.(原原)I wish I were married!I wish I had said that word to her that I still loved her.I wish we could get back together again!我现在要是年轻十岁就好了。我现在要是年轻十岁就好了。IwishIweretenyearsyoungernow.我昨天要是遇见他就好了。我昨天要是遇见他就好了。IwishIhadmethimyesterday.我希望成为一名科学家。我希望成为一名科学家。IwishIwouldbeascientist.IwishI
14、wereastallasYaoMing.我希望我跟姚明一样高IwishIhadnteatensomuchwatermelon.撑死我了，真希望自己没吃那么多的西瓜n(especially BrE,formal)to want to do sth;to want sth to happen 希望(做某事)；想要(某事发生):2.1.1wish的其他用法的其他用法nMy friends wished me well in my new job.我的朋友们祝我新工作顺利。nI couldnt wish for a better husband.nWe wish you a Merry Christm
15、as and a Happy New Year!We wish them every happiness in their new home.2.wouldratherthat现在现在:过去过去:未来未来:Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow.IwouldratherIhadntcomeyesterday.Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.过去时过去时过去时过去时过去完成时过去完成时2.2虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法（虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法（wouldratherthat）场景：泼皮王二又过来找老板赊账，从来就没还过。王二：老板，来个哈喽kitty 公仔
16、！明天给钱你啊！老板：（满脸堆笑）好好好！（内心：我宁愿你现在就把钱给了！）Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow.场景：老王小舅子过来找老王，但是这个星期他超忙，没时间招待他。所以他说：我宁愿你我宁愿你上周上周来来。（上周来，与过去事实相反）I would rather you had visited me last week.后来一想，不对，上周被老婆罚跪搓衣板，要是真上周来岂不太尴尬。所以老王又改口说：我宁愿你下周来。I would rather you came to visit me next week!表示要求、命令、建议表示要求、命令、建议的虚拟语气。使用的虚拟语气。使
17、用should+动词原形，动词原形，或者将或者将should省略省略。常见动词常见动词:一个坚持，两个命令，一个坚持，两个命令，三个建议，四个要求。即三个建议，四个要求。即1)insist2)order,command3)advise,suggest,propose4)demand,require,request,ask2.3虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法suggest，etc判断句子正误判断句子正误nHis smile suggested that he was satisfied.他的微笑表明他是满意的。nHer pale face suggested that
18、she was seriously ill,and her parents suggested that she go to see the doctor.她苍白的脸色显示显示她病得很厉害，因此她父母建议建议她去看医生。nThe thief insisted that he had not stolen anything from the supermarket,but the manager insisted that he be sent to the police station.小偷坚持说坚持说他没有从超市偷任何东西，但超市经理却坚决主张把他坚决主张把他送到送到警察局。usuggest
19、,建建议suggest，暗示、表明暗示、表明uinsist坚决要求某人做某事决要求某人做某事insist坚持持说虚拟虚拟1)Theguardatgateinsistedthateverybody_(obey)therules.2)Heinsistedthatshe_(be)seriouslyillandthat_(send)tohospitalatonce.obeywasbesent3)Hesuggestedthatwe_(have)ameetingatonce.4)Hispalefacesuggestedthathe_(be)ill.havewas以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句以上动词相
20、应的名词构成的名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句和同位语也要包括主语从句、表语从句和同位语也要使用虚拟语气，从句中的动词形式为使用虚拟语气，从句中的动词形式为(should)+动词原形动词原形order,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,request我们该去我们该去睡觉了。睡觉了。你该走了你该走了Itshightimethatyouwent.Itshightimethatyoushouldgo.4.Its(about/high)time+that过去时过去时(were)should(不省不省)+V.Itstimethatwewenttobed.Itstimet
21、hatweshouldgotobed.2.4虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法“是时候干啥事儿咯是时候干啥事儿咯”6.Itsnecessary/strange/natural/important/pity/nowonder/impossible+that从句从句,从句中的动词要用虚拟，即从句中的动词要用虚拟，即(should)+动词原形动词原形我们掌握一门外语是非常重要的。我们掌握一门外语是非常重要的。Itisimportantthatwe(should)masteraforeignlanguage.2.5虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法“itis
22、+adj+that句型句型”很奇怪她竟然拒绝来参加聚会。很奇怪她竟然拒绝来参加聚会。Itisstrangethatsherefusetocometotheparty.我们有必要努力学习。我们有必要努力学习。Itsnecessarythatweshouldstudyhard.IfonlyIwereaflyingbird!=HowIwishIwereaflyingbird!要是我看过那部电影就好了！要是我看过那部电影就好了！IfonlyIhadseenthefilm!=HowIwishIhadseenthefilm!3.1虚拟语气用于虚拟语气用于Ifonly引导的感叹句中引导的感叹句中“要是要是就
23、好了就好了”Hetookhisraincoatwithhimincaseitshouldrain.=Hetookhisraincoatwithhimforfearthatitshouldrain.他带上了雨衣他带上了雨衣,以防下雨以防下雨.3.2incase,forfearthat“以防以防,以免以免”1._hecome,theproblemwouldbesettled.A.wouldB.shouldC.shallD.if2._,mancouldnotliveatall.A.wereitnotforthesunB.ifitwasforthesunC.haditnotbeenforthesunD
24、.ifitshouldntbeforthesunB A 3._,everythingwouldhavebeenallright.A.HehadbeenhereB.HerehehadbeenC.BeenherehehadD.HadhebeenhereDIftheUnitedStateshadbuiltmorehomesforpoorpeoplein1955,thehousingproblemsnowinsomepartsofthiscountry_soserious.A.wouldntbeB.willnothavebeenC.wouldnthavebeenD.wouldhavenotbeenA
25、如果你采纳了我的建议，你现在就会好得多。如果你采纳了我的建议，你现在就会好得多。Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice,youwouldbebetternow.如果你之前努力学习了，你现在就是一名大学如果你之前努力学习了，你现在就是一名大学生，四年后就会大学毕业了。生，四年后就会大学毕业了。Ifyouhadstudiedhardbefore,youwouldbeacollegestudentnow,andyouwouldgraduatefromacollegeinfouryearstime._sheaman,shemightbeelectedpresident.A.IfwereB.W
26、ereC.BeD.IsB将条件改成省略形式：将条件改成省略形式：pIfIhadtime,Iwouldcome.pIfitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.HadItime,Iwouldcome.Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.含蓄虚拟条件句。句中有含蓄虚拟条件句。句中有without,or,otherwise,butfor等词隐含某种假设。等词隐含某种假设。Ilostyouraddress,otherwiseI_youlongbefore.A.hadvisitedB.havevisitedC.wo
27、uldhavevisitedD.shouldvisitC没有你的帮助，我们就不会实验成功。没有你的帮助，我们就不会实验成功。Withoutyourhelp,wecouldnthavesucceededintheexperiment.要不是这场雨，我们就完成工作了。要不是这场雨，我们就完成工作了。Butfortherain,wewouldhavefinishedthework.常见的几种固定句式。常见的几种固定句式。如如Ifonly,insist,suggest及及Itstime/necessary/importantthat从句等等。从句等等。IfonlyI_tomyparentsadvice
28、!A.listeningB.listenC.amlisteningD.hadlistenedHissilenceatthemeetingsuggestedthathe_toyourplan.A.shouldntagreeB.wouldntagreeC.hadntagreedD.didntagreeD DTheoldprofessorgaveordersthattheexperiment_before6.A.wasfinishedB.willfinishC.befinishedD.shallbefinishedItshightimehe_home.A.goesB.wentC.willgoD.is
29、goingtogoEvenifhe_(be)here,hecouldntsolvetheproblem.A.wasB.wereC.beD.isC B B Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifit_.A.willrainB.rainsC.rainedD.israined解析解析:真真实条件句主句条件句主句为将来将来时,从句用一般从句用一般现在在时。B1.Everything_ifAlberthadntcalledthefirebrigade(消防队消防队).A.willbedestroyedB.willhavebeendestroyedC.wouldbedestroy
30、edD.wouldhavebeendestroyedQuiz I:Multiple choice.A.weretosinkB.hassunkC.wassinkingD.sunk2.I_yousomemoney,butIhadntanyonmethen.A.wouldlendB.wouldhavelentC.couldlendD.mayhavelent3.Supposingthisship_,doyouthinktherewouldbeenoughlifejacketsforallthepassengers?4.AreyouthinkingaboutgoingtoHangzhoufortheva
31、cation?No,butifI_time,I_verygladtogothere.A.have,willbeB.hadhad,wouldhavebeenC.had,wouldbeD.hadhad,wouldbe5.SallyfinallygotherefromChicago.Ifshe_earlier,we_hertothepartythen.A.came,wouldtakeB.hadcome,wouldhavetakenC.comes,willtakeD.hadcome,wouldtake1.要是你准备功课再仔细一点的话要是你准备功课再仔细一点的话,你就能你就能通过考试了。通过考试了。If
32、youhadpreparedyourlessonsmorecarefully,youcouldhavepassedtheexam.2.要是那场飓风发生在晚上的话要是那场飓风发生在晚上的话,将会有更将会有更多的人死亡。多的人死亡。Ifthathurricanehadhappenedatnight,therewouldhavebeenmoredeaths.Quiz II:Translation.3.IwishI_(和你在一起和你在一起)yesterday.4._(如果他按照我告诉他的办法订票如果他按照我告诉他的办法订票),wewouldhavehadquiteacomfortablejourney
33、.5.Imighthavemadethespeech_(如果我的话没被别人打如果我的话没被别人打断的话断的话).hadbeenwithyouIfhehadbookedticketsinthewayItoldhimifIhadnotbeeninterrupted1.Youdidntletmedrive.Ifwe_(drive)inturn,you_(notget)sotired.2._it_(notbe)foryourhelp,Icouldnthavemadeanyprogress.haddrivenwouldnthavegotHadnotbeenQuiz III:Fill in the bla
34、nks with the verbs given in the brackets in their proper forms.3.Ifhe_(be)myteacher,I_(be)happy.4._it_(rain)tomorrow,thematchwouldbecalledoff.wereWere/Shouldtorain/rainwouldbe5.MostofthestudentsfeltratherdisappointedattheEnglishparty.Theysaidthatit_(organize)better.6.Jeandoesntwanttoworkrightawaybec
35、auseshethinksthatifshe_(get)ajob,sheprobablywouldntbeabletoseeherfriendsveryoften.couldhavebeen/shouldget/gotweretogetorganized7.Muchlabourwouldhavebeensavedifelectroniccomputer_(invent)before.8.Welldone,Jack!Thanks.Butgivenmoretime,I_(do)itbetter.hadbeeninventedcould/would/mighthavedoneMagicLanternMagicBrushTimeMachineDiscussion:Whatwouldyoudoifyouhada?Homework1.RemembertherulesofSubjunctivemood.2.DoExercises2,3onpage5.