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1、-现在完成时用法-第 6 页 现在完成时一、用法:1. 表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造 成的影响或结果。 e.g. Have you had your lunch yet? Yes, I have. Ive just had it.2. 表示动作或状态从过去某一时刻开始,一直延 续到现在,而且可能还要继续下去。 e.g. I havent seen her these days. Ive known Bob for three years. Ive been at this school for over two years. 二、构成: 助动词have / has+动词的过去分词三
2、、句式:1. 肯定句:主语 + have / has + 过去分词(+其他)2.否定句:主语 + have / has + not +过去分词 (+其他) (have not=havent ;has not=hasnt)3.一般疑问句:Have/ Has + 主语 + 过去分词 (+其他)4.特殊疑问词 +一般疑问句式四、时间状语: already , yet , just , ever , never , for+时间段 , since+时间点 / 一般过去时从句 , sinceago , ever since , so far , in the past/ lastyears , stil
3、l, recently , before 等五、现在完成时和过去时的区别: 现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,强调的是现在的情况,所以它不能和表示过去的时间状语连用,如:yesterday , last night , three years ago , in 1990等。而一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态,和现在不发生联系,它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。 e.g. I have seen the film. 我看过这部电影。 (我了解这部电影的内容。) I saw the film last week. 我上周看了这部电影。 (只说明上周看了,不涉及现在情况。) e.
4、g. He has lived here since 1992. 1992年以来他一直住在这里。 (他现在还住在这里。) He lived here in 1992. 1992年他住在这里。 (不涉及他现在是否还住在这里。)六、动词过去式和过去分词的规则变化: 1. 一般情况直接加ed。如: rain rained raine clean cleaned cleaned; stay stayed stayed 2. 以不发音的e结尾的动词,只加d。如 like liked liked; live lived lived; move moved moved 3. 以“辅音字母 + y”结尾的动词
5、,变y为i,再加- ed。如: study studied studied; hurry hurried hurried; cry cried cried4. 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,双写 该辅音字母,再加-ed。如: stop stopped stopped; plan planned planned不规则变化:(课本136、137页) 1. 以不变应万变。如: let let let; put put put; read read read2. 若中间有双写e,去掉一个e,末尾再加t。如: feel felt felt; keep kept kept; sleep slept
6、slept3. 结尾的字母d变t。如: lend lent lent ; build built built; send sent sent4. 变为以-ought或-aught结尾。如: buy bought bought; bring brought brought; catch caught caught; teach taught taughtalready和yet都可以作为现在完成时的标 志词,但它们的用法不同。 already一般用于肯定句中。 e.g.We have already cleaned up our classroom. yet一般用于疑问句和否定句中。 e.g.Ha
7、ve you seen her yet? The bus hasnt come yet.短暂性动词和延续性动词 短暂性动词可用于完成时,但不能与表示一段时间的时间状语连用,也不能用于how long引导 的特殊疑问句,可转换为延续性动词。 borrow-keep , buy-have , die-be dead begin/start-be on , leave-be away (from) marry-be married , sleep-be asleep finish/end-be over , become-be join -be a member of / be in , open-be open come / go / arrive be in / at , get up-be up close- be closed , return-be back have/has gone to , have/has been to 和 have/has been in的区别:(1)have/has gone to 强调“在去某地的路上或在 某地”人未回;(2)have/has been to 强调“去过某地”人已经回 来; ( 3) have/has been in强调“一直待在某地”,常与 一段时间连用。