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1、现在完成时态1. 用法：表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响与结果，强调结果.常用的时间状语有many times，just，yet，ever，never，just，already，so far, by now等。表示动作或者状态在过去已经开场，持续到现在，也许还将持续下去。用于延续性动词，常常与so far、for或者since短语连用。since + 时间点 /从句，for + 时间段，如for two months等。2. 现在完成时的构成 have has+过去分词3. 现在完成时的四个根本句型肯定句 He has finished the work. 一般疑问句 Has he fini
2、shed the work 否认句 He has not finished the work. 两答复 Yes ,he has. No, he hasnt.特殊疑问句 What has he done 4. 在以下情形下用现在完成时1九词语already 已经 肯定句中或句尾 : I have already found my pen. = I have found my pen already.yet已经 否认句与疑问句句尾 例：I have not finished the work yet.Have you bought a computer yetever曾经 句中 例：Have yo
3、u ever seen pandasnever从不 句中 例：I have never been to Beijing.just刚刚 句中 例：I have just done my work.before以前 句尾 例：I have never been there before.so far到目前为止 例：So far he has learnt 200 words.how long多久 例：How long have you lived herehow many times多少次 例：How many times has he been to Beijing2两词组 havegone t
4、o去了某地(没回来 ) 例：He has gone to Beijing (去了北京)havebeen to去过某地 (回来了) 例：He has been to Beijing. (去过北京)3两构造for two months for +一段时间 Jim has lived here for 2 months.since last year since +过去点时间 Lucy has been in Beijing since 3 years ago.since 3 years ago since 1990 since he came heresince +过去时态句子 He has be
5、en in China since he came here.4如果句子里面没有时间状语，汉语意思能够加“已经，往往用现在完成时态。 例：Have you lost your library book 你已经弄丢了从图书馆借的那本书吗？ 5现在完成时态还常常用于以下句型 They have planted many trees in the last few years. 在过去的几年，他们已经种了很多树。 This is the best book I have ever read. 这是我曾经读过的最好的一本书。 It is the first time I have played the
6、 computer games. 这是我第一次玩电脑游戏。6. 在现在完成时中，一次性动词不能与一段时间状语连用 例：He has bought the book for 3 years.错因buy这个一次性动词不能与一段时间for 3 years连用, 改正的方法有五种： He has bought the book. (去掉一段时间for 3 years) He bought the book 3 years ago (改为一般过去时，使句子的意思不变) Its 3 years since he bought the book. = 3 years has passed since he
7、bought the b改为固定句型 It is -since- He has not bought the book for 3 years. 改为否认句 He has had the book for 3 years. 用延续性动词have代替buy6. 还有其他一次性动词也是这种情况，可参照前面的五种方法改正，前四种改法都一样，改法各不一样，举例如下：come/arrive/get to/reach be here例：I have come here for 3 years.错 改为：I have been here for 3 years.leave/go be away 例：He h
8、as left for 3 hours.错 改为：He has been away for 3 hours.begin/start be on 例The film has begun for 3 minutes.错改：The film has been on for 3 minutes.open be open / close be closed例：The shop has opened for 3 years.(错) 改：The shop has been open for 3 years.die be dead例：His father has died for 3 years.(错) 改为
9、：His father has been dead for 3 years.finish/end be over例：He has finished the work for 3 days.(错) ：The work has been over for 3 daysjoin 例：I have joined the army for 3 years.错 改为：I have been in the army for 3 years. 或I have been a soldier for 3 years.buy /catch have 例：I have bought the bike for 3 ye
10、ars.错 改为：I have had the bike for 3 years.例：He has caught a cold for 3 days.错 改为：He has had a cold for 3 days.borrow keep例：I have borrowed the book for 3 years. 错改：I have kept the book for 3 years.还有其它的归纳如下：break be broken get up be upmarry be married become be lose be lost7. 延续性动词与终止性动词延续性动词：表示的动作是能
11、延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久的影响。如：learn work stand lie know walk keep have wait watch sing read sleep live终止性动词：也叫非延续性动词，瞬间动词，一次性动词。表示的动作不能延续，即动作发生后立即完毕，产生某种结果。在有了某种结果后，动作就不能再继续下去。如：leave start set out arrive reach get to begin stop shut turn off marry put put on get up wake fall join meet receivefinish end complete become come go die open close break give jump buy borrow8. 终止性动词不能与一段时间状语连用。He has died for three days. 错，终止性动词die不能与一段时间for three days连用9.而一般过去时与现在的情况没有联系，仅表示过去的动作，动作到说话时已终止。因此现在完成时不能与表示明确的过去时间如：in1949，yesterday，last week等连用，用when或where对这些时间与地点状语提问时，一般只用一般过去时。第 6 页