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1、动词不定式用法一、动词不定式的基本形式是“不定式符号to+动词原形”，有时可以不带to。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。在句中不能单独作谓语，但仍保留动词的特性，可以有自己的宾语、状语等。动词不定式同它的宾语和状语一起构成不定式短语。例如：to sell flowers in the street 在街上卖花to speak in the classroom 在教室里讲话不定式省to 有四种情况：1、使役动词let,make,have 等后接不定式。例如：Let him go!The boss made the child labors work the whole night.2、would
2、rather,had better 后。例如：You had better stay at home.3、Why /Why not后。例如：Why not have a good rest on Sunday?4.感官动词see,watch,look at,hear,listen to,smell,feel,find，notice 等后作宾语补足语，省 to。例如：I saw him dance.注意：这些情况在被动语态中，不可省to.例如：The child labors were made to work the whole night.二、动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，可以作句
3、子的主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。1、用作主语直接把动词不定式置于句首的情况不多，多数情况用it 作形式主语，把真正的主语 动词不定式置于句末，特别是不定式短语较长时。动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。带疑问词的不定式短语作主语常置于句首。例如：The head teacher said it was necessary to talk with his mother.How to make requests politely is important.2、用作表语动词不定式作表语，常用在be 动词及 seem,appear,happen等词之后，构成系表结构。说明主语
4、的内容、性质、特征。例如：The best way to improve your English is to join an English club.She seem to be well-known.3、用作宾语 1.用作宾语的动词不定式，常用在动词ask,choose,agree，expect,hope,decide,learn，prefer,know，wish,want,would like/love等及物动词之后，构成动宾短语。例如：We decided to talk to some students about why they go there.He prefers to e
5、at white bread and rice.I d love to visit Mexico.2.动词 feel,find,make,think,believe等，在语法上不能接受不定式作宾语，只有用it 作形式宾语，从而把动词不定式后置。句子结构是：主语 feel/find/make/.it+adj./n.+to do.。例如：I find it difficult to remember everything.3.既可接动词不定式又可接v-ing 形式作宾语，意思差别不大的动词有begin,start,like,love等。一般说来，动词不定式表一次、数次的具体动作的全过程，v-ing
6、 形式表习惯性的连续动作。但这种区别并不很严格，特别是美式英语，即使是习惯性的动作也可以用动词不定式。例如：Then I started to watch English-language TV.I m beginning to understand my Chinese roots,and who I am.（begin 用了进行时态，后面只接不定式作宾语，表示事情刚开始，还要继续下去。）4.后接动词不定式或v-ing 形式作宾语，意思差别较大的动词有forget,remember 等。后接不定式作宾语，表动作尚未发生；后接v-ing 形式作宾语，表动作已经发生。stop to do 停下来
7、做另外一件事，to do 是目的状语；stop doing 停止做、不做当前这件事，doing 是宾语。try to do 尽力做，try doing 试试看；go on to do 接着做另外的事，go on doing 继续做原来的事。例如：When I left home,I had forgotten to bring it with me.I stopped using them last year.5后只接 v-ing 作宾语的一些常用特殊动词：give up,enjoy,practise,finish,mind等。例如：Would you mind opening the win
8、dow?4、用作定语用作定语的动词不定式一般都位于被修饰的名词之后。例如：I have so much homework to do today.I cant think of any good advice to give her.名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 1 页，共 3 页 -通常 chance,place,time,way 等名词后接不定式作定语。另外在the first,the second,the last,the only 等词后，也常用不定式作定语。例如：He needs time to do homework.You want to know the b
9、est way to get around the city.5、用作补语 1.常见动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词主要有：要求允许提议警告（ask,allow,permit,advise，warn），期望邀请鼓励（expect,suppose,invite,encourage），教导告诉想要（teach,tell,want），希望愿意（wish,would like/love）。例如：I invited her to have dinner at my house.Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes.2.动词不定式作补语
10、，在主动语态句里不带to，被动语态句里带to 时多数动词是感官动词和使役动词，包括四“看”：look at,observe,see,watch，三“让”：have,let,make，二“听”：hear,listen to，一“感觉”：feel，一“注意”：notice。例如：This picture makes me feel tense！Of course we want to see Liu Yu achieve his dreams.3.help后接动词不定式作补语，to 可带可不带。一般说来，带to 表间接帮助，不带to 表直接帮助。在被动语态句里，或者用不定式的否定式作补语时要带to
11、。例如：They can help you to compare two different products so that you can buy the one you really need.Using e-mail English helps you write quickly.4.be said,be sure,hap pen,seem等后面可以接带to 的动词不定式作主语的补语。例如：He doesnt seem to have many friends.Be sure not to miss them if they come to a city near you.6、用作状语
12、 1.目的状语，置于句首或句末，置于句首时常表示强调。为加强语气，常与 in order 或 so as 组成短语。例如：A group of young people got together to discuss this question.In order to help him,we would do everything we can.注意：置于句首时只用to do/in order to do。2.原因状语，多见于“sb.+be+adj.+to do.”结构句中。例如：I was very sad to hear the news.On Monday he told a radio
13、 interviewer that he had run out of money to buy old bikes.3.结果状语，多见于“too.to”，“enough to.”结构句中。例如：Then I m too tired to do well.He is old enough to go to school.4.独立动词不定式多用作插入语，表示说话人的心理状态或对事情的看法。例如：I d like to stay healthy,but to be honest,I only eat food that tastes good.To begin with,she spoke too
14、 quickly,and I couldnt understand every word.7、动词不定式的复合结构动词不定式的复合结构是“for/of sb.to do sth.”，for/of 引出不定式动作的逻辑主语。这种结构在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。不定式复合结构的介词用for 还是 of，主要决定于前面形容词的性质。一般说来，of 前面的形容词是careful,clever,foolish,good,kind,nice,wise 等，既说明人的特性，又说明不定式动作的特性。for 前面的形容词是dangerous,difficult,easy,hard,heavy,
15、important,interesting,necessary等，一般说明不定式动作的特性，不说明人的特性。前面如果是名词用for。例如：(1)Its also probably a good idea for parents to allow teenagers to study in groups during the evening.(2)It s kind of you to help me.8、带疑问词的不定式短语动词不定式前面可以带疑问代词what,which,who 或疑问副词how,when,where,why 等。这种结构起名词的作用，在句子里用作宾语、主语、表语等，或者单独
16、使用。要注意的是，why 后面的不定式不带to。例如：I don t know what to try next.（作宾语）Where to go is not decided yet.（作主语）注意：单独使用时相当于一个特殊疑问句。What to do next?(=What will we/you do next?)Why go there?(=Why do we/you go there?)9、动词不定式的否定式不定式的否定式是not/never to do.，不带 to 的不定式的否定式是not/never do.例如：Sometimes they have disagreements
17、,and decide not to talk to each other.His parents tell him never to drive after drinking 名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 2 页，共 3 页 -一用所给单词的适当形式填空1.Can you tell me how _ to the cinema?2.It is very easy for him _ that problem?(solve)3.Listen!Can you hear someone _ at our door?(knock)4.He was made _ his name
18、on the blackboard.(write)5.We often see him _ books on the playground.(read)6.I found it hard _new language.(learn)二 单项选择1.Dont forget _ the letter.A.to send B.send C.sending D.being sent 2.The chair looks very old,but in fact it is very comfortable to _.A.sit B.sit on C.be sat D.be sat on 3.Is _ ne
19、cessary to return the book tomorrow?A.this B.that C.it D.which 4.Im afraid they would not allow him _ here.A.to smoke B.smoking C.smokes D.smoke 5.Mother told me _ the water before I drank it.A.boiling B.boiled C.boil D.to boil 6.On my way home,I stopped _ some food.A.buy B.to buy C.buying D.bought
20、7.John was made _ the car for a week as a punishment.A.to wash B.washing C.wash D.to be washing 8.The sitting-room needs _,but itll have to wait until Saturday.A.be cleaning B.to be cleaned C.clean D.being cleaned 9.The first thing I want to do is _.A.visit to him B.to visit him C.visiting him D.vis
21、ited him 10.Li Yang advised me _ too much,otherwise I would have been drunk.A.not to drink B.to drink C.not drinking D.drinking 5.The news reporters hurried to the airport,only _the film stars had left.A.to tell B.to be told C.telling D.told 6.You were silly not _your car.A.to lock B.to have locked
22、C.locking D.having locked 7.The teacher asked us _so much noise.A.don t make B.not make C.not making D.not to make 8.An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered _clear warnings before firing any shots.A.to issue B.being issued C.to have issued D.to be issued 9.I d rather have a
23、 room of my own,however small it is,than_ a room with someone else.A.to share B.to have shared C.share D.sharing 10.The bank is reported in the local newspaper_ in broad daylight yesterday.A.robbed B.to have been robbed C.being robbed D.having been robbed 11.A number of paintings in the castle are b
24、elieved _in a fire.A.being destroyed B.having been destroyed C.to be destroyed D.to have been destroyed 12.The meeting _ next week is sure to be a great success.A.to take place B.to be taken place C.to have taken place D.being taken place 13.As a result of my laziness,I failed _ my work in time.A.and finished B.to finish C.and finishing D.to finished 14.I am sorry _ written you a letter at the time.A.to have not B.to not have C.not to have D.not having 15.Will you lend him a magazine _?A.to be read B.for reading C.to read D.he read名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 3 页，共 3 页 -