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1、精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -学习好资料欢迎下载动词不定式用法及练习动词不定动式是一种非谓语动词形式,它没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能作谓语,但可以作除谓语之外的其它任何句子成分（主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语）.动词不定式具出名词、形容词和副词的特点,同时仍保持动词的某些特点,既可以有自己的宾语和状语,动词不定式和它的宾语和状语构成不定式短语.一、构成： to do . 否定式not to do二、常见时态：一般时to do 进行时to be doing完成式to have done完成进行式to have been d
2、oing三、动词不定式在句子中的成分1、作句子的主语：现实中常用it作形式主语,而把真正的主语动词不定式（或短语）后置.比较以下句子To learn from your friends is important.=It is important to learn from your friends .To leave without saying goodbye is impolite.= It is impolite to leave without saying goodbye.句型总结It is + adj. + of sb. to do=sb. isare +adj. +to do在以
3、某些表示人的品质、特点等的形容词（如 kind 、good、nice、wrong 、clever、right 等）作表语时, 不定式之前常加一个引起的短语,说明不定式指的是谁的情形.（可以懂得为某 人的好,坏,聪慧,愚蠢,对,错等等）It is very kind of you to help me. It s not polite of him to speak to old people like that.It is + adj. + for sb. to dosb. isare +adj. +to do假如要说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的,就在不定式前加一个for 引起的短语,即不定式的
4、规律主语.It is necessary for us to study hard. It is easy for him to speak English.动词不定式作主语1. Its our duty the room every day.A. to clean B. cleaned C. clean D. cleans 甘肃省 2. Its hard for us English well.A. learn B. learns C. to learn D. learning 江西省 3.建造这座立交桥将花费工人们一年多的时间.It will the workers over a year
5、 the flyover.北京市海淀区4. Its very nice you to get me two tickets the World Cup.A. for , of B. of , for C. to , for D. of , to2、作句子的表语：不定式放在be 动词后面,用作表语如：Her dream is to be a policeman. My job is to help the patient. Your task is to clean the classroom. The best way is to talk to your parents.His plan i
6、s to travel to Beijing this summer.My purpose is to help you solve this problem.3、作句子的宾语：不定式放在及物动词后,用作宾语.能跟不定式作宾语的动词（及物）许多,常见的有want, like,hate, wish, hope, prefer, try, ask, start, begin, decide, learn, choose, agree, expect, remember, forget, plan, decide, would like, need, choose, agree, promise,
7、refuse, set out, manage, pretend,可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -学习好资料欢迎下载I want to go home. The workers demanded to get better pay.They began to read and write. She forgot to close the d
8、oor. He wanted to borrow my CD player. I hope to speak English well.有些动词既可跟不定式作宾语,也可跟动名词作宾语,但含义不同：forget to do sth. 遗忘要做某事forget doing sth. 遗忘曾经做过某事 stop to do sth.停下来去做某事stop doing sth.停止做某事go on to do sth.连续做另一件事go on doing sth. 连续做原先在做的事 need to do sth.需要做某事need doing sth. 需要被做Don t forge to turn
9、 off the lights before leaving. This bike needs repairing/mending.留意 1：动词不定式作宾语时如带有宾语补足语,就要把不定式放在后面,用 it 作形式主语,构成“主语 +动词 +it+ 宾补（形容词、名词）+不定式”结构 I found it necessary to talk to him again.I found it important to learn English. I fond it difficult to learn physics.留意 2：常用带to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有want, ask,
10、tell, order, get, wish, allow,invite, teach, encourage, beg, 等.构成“ vt,+sb.+notto do sth. ”结构.The teacher told us to read the text.He asked me not to tell you the news. His parents didn t allow him to play.I expect you to give me some help.Mrs. Read whishes her son to learn English well.留意 3：不定式作宾补省去
11、to 的情形 在被动语态中就to不能省掉 常用省去to 的动词不定式作补足语的动词有：“一感（feel）、二听（ hear, listen to）、三让（ make, let, have）、五看（ look at, see, watch, notice, observe ）” help 可带 to,也可不带to help sb to do sthI made him to do his work. .-make sb.do sth.Please listen to me to sing this song again.-listen to sb.do sth. I felt someone t
12、o open my door.-fell sb.do sth.The boss made the girl to work ten hour a day.-make sb.do sth.You must watch me to do everything-watch sb.do sth.Internet bars mustn t let anybody watch bad things, especially children.-let sb.do sth. He often helps to clean the room.Mr. Zhang always helps us to learn
13、English.被动语 to 要加上He was made to do his work by me He was heard to speak in the next room.John was made to wash the car for a week as a punishment.专项练习： 1. He wants some vegetables.A. buy B. buying C. to buy D. buys 山西省 2. Dont forget your homework with you when you come to school.A. to bring B. bri
14、nging C. to take D. taking 福建省 3. He found it very difficult .A. sleeping B. sleepsC. slept D. to fall asleep 湖南省 不带 to 的动词不定式1. We saw him the building and go upstairs.A. to enter B. enter C. entering D. entered 河南省 2. So much work usually makes them very tired.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - -
15、 - - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -学习好资料欢迎下载A. to feel B. feels C. feeling D. feel 吉林省 3. Your father is sleeping. Youd better .A. not wake up him B. not to wake up himC. not wake him up D. not to wake him up 陕西省 4. I was made
16、my homework in the afternoon.A. do B. doing C. to do D. did 贵州省 作句子的定语：不定式作定语时,应放在被修饰词的后面作后置定语.假如不定式中的动词是不及物动词 ,就不定式中要有介词.I want to get something to read during the holiday. We have a lot work to do . She is the first person to think of the idea. I have something interesting to tell you.He is lookin
17、g for a room to live in .-live是不及物动词There is nothing for us to worry about.-worry是不及物动词Mr Wu is always the first to come and the last to leave.T here is no need to trouble him.没有必要去烦他Have you got anything important to tell me.重要的事情去告知我I ve got nothing to worry about.没有什么去担忧专项练习： 1. Would you like so
18、mething .A. drink B. drinking C. to drink D. drinks 湖北省 2. I have a lot of homework .A. do B. doing C. did D. to do 河南省 3. He is not an easy man .A. get on B. to get on C. get on with D. to get on with 山东省 Key： 1. C 2. D 3. D某些动词后面接不定式和接动词-ing 形式的区分1. Please stop a rest if you feel tired.A. to have
19、B. having C. have D. has 广西壮族自治区2. Why didnt you buy some bread on your way home. Sorry, I forgot some money with me.A. take B. taking C. to take D. took 湖北省 3. Lets have a rest, shall we. Not now, I cant stop the letters.A. write B. to write C. writing D. and write 湖北省 4. Jim was badly hurt, so he
20、had to stop walk. Key ： 1. A 2. C 3. C 4. Walking5、作句子的状语：动词不定式位于不及物动词之后作状语,可作目的、结果、缘由状语.come to do sth. go to do sth. stop to do sth. in order not to dotoo + adj. + to do sth. adj.adv. + enough to do sth so as to , enough to , only to ,She came here to borrow an English book. （目的）In order to help h
21、im, we would do everything we can.目的 Let s stop to have a rest.She is too young to go to school. （结果）I m too tired to do well.结果He is old enough to go to school . 结果 I m sorry to make you wait here so long. （缘由）可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料
22、 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -学习好资料欢迎下载六、 带疑问词的不定式短语动词不定式前面可以带疑问代词what, which, who 或疑问副词how, when, where, why 等.这种结构起名词的作用,在句子里用作宾语、主语、表语等,或者单独使用.要留意的是,why 后面的不定式不带to.例如： I don t know what to try next.（作宾语）Where to go isnot decided yet.（作主语）留意：单独使用时相当于一个特别疑问句.What to do nex
23、t.=What will we / you do next.Why go there.=Why do we / you go there.在与 why 连用时,只用于why或 why not 开头的简短疑问句中,后面紧跟的动词不定式不带to.Why not have a rest.How to do it is a problem.=How we should do it. I really don t know what to write about.=what I should write about动词不定式作宾语补足语：1. Robert often asks us his Chine
24、se, so his Chinese is much better than before.A. help him B. to help him with C. to help with D. helps him with 江苏省 2. Mr Li often teaches his Japanese friends Chinese food.A. cook B. cooks C. to cook D. cooked 甘肃省 Key ： 1. B 2. C3. The panda is so fat that it cant go through the hole. 改为意思相同的句子The
25、hole such a fat panda to go through. 广东省 4. The ice on the lake was so thin that people couldnt skate on it.改为意思相同的句子The ice on the lake wasnt enough people .Keys ： 3. is, too, small , for 4. thick , for , to, skate, on真题练习：1. My mother often asks me early. 2022年北京 A. get up B. got up C. getting up
26、D. to get up2. The teacher told her students in public. 2022年黑龙江 A. not to shout B. didnt shout C. not shout D. to not shout3 is difficult to work on the Great Wall. 2022年甘肃省 A. This B. It C. That D. Its4 Its nice you me with my maths. 2022年深圳市 A. for; to help B. for; helpingC. of; to help D. of; he
27、lping5They decided at the end of this month. 2022年济南市 A. to leave B. goingC. travel D. not start out6 All of us found difficult to work out the maths problem.A. what B. that C. which D. it7 Please stop a rest if you feel tired. 2022 年南宁市 A. to have B. havingC. have D. has8,Theres enough bird food fo
28、r a month. 2022年山西省 A. to last B. last C. lasts D. lasted9,She has no paper . 2022 年重庆市 A. to write B. to write with C. write on D. to write on10 Mother asked me some fruit after supper. 2022 年新疆生产建设兵团可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下
29、载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -学习好资料欢迎下载A. buy B. bought C. buying D. to buy11. Let him a rest. I think he must be tired after the long walk. 2022年济南市 A. have B. gets C. to take D. has12 It was raining heavily outside. The father made the children in the room. 2022年桂林市 A. to stay B. s
30、tay C. staying D. stayed13.-I saw Betty go to Grandpa Zhangs home just now.-Yes, she is often seen the old man with his housework. 2022年呼和浩特市 A. help B. to help C. helps D. helped14 Yesterday morning I got up early be late for the exam. 2022 年上海市 A. in order to B. in order to notC. so as not to D. s
31、o as to 15 Lets so as notlate for the meeting.A. to hurry, to B. to hurry, to beC. hurry, to be D. hurry, be16 Theres no difference between the two words. I really dont know .2022 年河南 A. what to choose B. which to chooseC. to choose which D. to choose what17 The students of Class One willspend their
32、 winter holiday in Shenzhen, but the students of Class Two havent decided . 2022 年广东省 A. what to buy B. how to goC. where to go D. which to choose 18 the computer is a problem.A. How to use B. What to useC. Which to use D. Where to use19, -You look rather tired. stop to take a rest.-All right. But I
33、ll have to work for a few more minutes. 2022年呼和浩特市 A. Why not B. Do youC. What about D. How about20,The TV set is too loud. Will you please . 2022年哈尔滨市 A. turn down it B. turn it down C. to turn it down D. to turn down it 1. D 2. A 3 B 4 C5-7 ADA 8 A 9. D 10-13 DABB 14 C15. C 16 18BCA 19-20DB1. Youd
34、 better your coat. Its cold outside.a. put on b. to put on c. putting on d. puts on2. We began English five years ago.a. learn b. learned c. to learn d. to be learned3. The Frenchman didnt know this word in Chinese.a. how to tell b. how sayc. how to say d. how talk4. His mother made him the floor ev
35、ery day.a. sweeps b. to sweep c. sweeping d. sweep5. She was heard an English song in her room last night.a. sing b. sang c. to sing d. singing6. Peter asked me him with his chemistry.a. help b. helping c. helped d. to help7. It is good for us morning exercises.a. do b. to do c. did d. done8. The te
36、acher told us in bed.a. dont read b. read notc. to not read d. not to read9. Its too early. Why a rest with us.a. not have b. not havingc. not to have d. didnt have10. The old woman was angry say a word. a. so, that b. as, asc. too, to d. very,to参考答案 ： 1-5 accdd 6-10 dbdac可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -学习好资料欢迎下载可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载