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1、句子成分及基本句型一、 考点、热点回顾 【句子的成分】 在英文中句子成分包括：主语、谓语、宾语（直接宾语、间接宾语）、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语等。（一）主语：主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。如： （1）Lucy is a beautiful nurse. （名词作主语） （2）He reads newspapers every day. （代词作主语） （3）Smoking is harmful to the health. （动名词作主语） （4）To swim in Kunming Lake is a
2、 great pleasure.（不定式作主语） （5）What we should do is not yet decided. （主语从句作主语）（二）谓语 说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。谓语（谓语部分里主要的词）必须是动词。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。它在主语后面。 如：His parents are teachers. （系动词和表语一起作谓语） We study hard. （行为动词作谓语） We dont finish reading the book. （助动词和行为动词一起作谓语） He can speak English. （情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语
3、）（三）宾语 宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任，它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。一般放在谓语之后。 She is doing her homework now.（名词作宾语） She says（that）she is ill.（宾语从句作动词宾语） We often help him.（代词作宾语） He likes to play basketball.（不定式作宾语） We enjoy listening to the music. 我们喜欢听音乐。（动名词短语作宾语） 说明1：宾语是及物动词涉及到的人或物，宾语一般放在及物动词之后。介词后面的名词或
4、代词或动名词，称为介词宾语。名词、代词、数词常在句中做动词宾语或介词宾语。另外，动词不定式可作动词宾语；动名词和宾语从句也可用作动词宾语。 说明2：及物动词作谓语时，后面要跟宾语。宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象，直接宾语指物，间接宾语通常是及物动词的动作所及的人，间接宾语指人。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前。 不是所有的及物动词都可以用双宾语。有的动词可以跟。如：give, show（给看），bring, pass, buy等。如：（1）Our teacher tells us a story. （2）The sun gives us light. 间接宾语如果放在直接宾
5、语之后，在表示“人”的间接宾语之前会出现介词“to”或“for”。间接宾语前加“to”的有： give, show, send, bring, read, pass, lend, leave, hand, tell, return, write, throw, promise（答应）, refuse（拒绝）等。间接宾语加“for”的有：make, buy, do, get, play, order（命令）, sing, pay等 （1）I give him a book. 改成： （2）He passes me the book.（他将书递给我。） 改成： （3）He writes me a
6、letter. 改成： （4）He will buy me some books. 改成： （5）She is making me a cake. 改成： （四）宾语补足语 在宾语后面补充说明宾语的动作、状态、特征的成分，称为宾语补足语。名词、形容词、副词、介词短语以及动词不定式、分词等可用作宾语补足语。宾语和宾语补足语称为复合宾语。 如：They make her happy.（形容词） I see her dance.（不定式） Well help you to make the Olympics a success.（名词） Please let him in.（副词） We heard
7、 her singing a song.（分词短语）（五）表语 表语说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”，由名词、形容词、副词、介词、不定式及相当于名词或形容词或短语来担任。它的位置在系动词后面。 如：I am a teacher.（名词） He is always happy.（形容词） They are on the playground now.（介词短语） It gets cold.（形容词） Be动词（am，is，are, was, were）系动词 表保持（keep, stay, remain） 表改变（get， become， turn） 感官动词（feel，sound（听起来），s
8、eem/look（看起来），taste（尝起来），smell（闻起来）如：It sounds interesting.（sound为系动词，interesting为表语） We should all remain careful. Remain（为系动词， careful为表语） （六）定语 定语是用来修饰名词或代词的。形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不等式或相当于形容词的词或短语等。 单个词作定语时，通常放在它所修饰的名词之前。 如：The black bike is mine.（形容词） Whats your name?（代词） They make paper flowers.（名词）
9、 说明1：当定语修饰不定代词：nothing, anything, everything, something等时，定语在不定代词后面。 如：I tell him something interesting. （形容词interesting作不定代词something的后置定语） He has something to do. （to do为不定式作后置定语） 说明2：短语或从句作定语时，也放在被修饰的名词之后。 如：The boys in the room are in Class Four. （in the room是介词短语作the boys的后置定语。）（七）状语 修饰动词、形容词、副
10、词。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义，一般由副词、介词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来表示。状语一般放在句末，但有的可以放在句首、句中。 如：He did it carefully.（副词） We often help him.（副词） Her mother goes out to do some shopping on Sunday.（介词短语） When I grow up, I am going to be a teacher.（从句作时间状语） He sits there.（副词地点状语）【简单句的五种基本句型】 A. 主语+不及物动词(主谓) 如：The su
11、n rises. 太阳升起来。 The car stopped. 小汽车停下来了。 rise和stop都是不及物动词，因此后边不必加宾语。 B. 主语+及物动词+宾语(主谓宾) 如：I love my country. He helps me. I like action movies. I buy a book. C. 主语+系动词+表语(主系表) 如：Her brother is a driver. We feel happy.（feel为系动词，表示感到） It gets dark.天黑了。（get为系动词，表示变得） Tom looks ill. Tom看上去病了。（look为系动词，
12、表示看上去，看起来） D. 主语+及物动词+双宾语（直接宾语、间接宾语）(主谓+直宾+间宾) 如：He gives Tom a present.（双宾语） 他给汤姆一件礼物。 Mother make a new dress for me.（双宾语） 妈妈为我做了一件衣服。 E. 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(主+谓+宾+宾补) 如：They call her Mary.（宾补） 他们叫她Mary。 We make our classroom clean and tidy.（宾补） 我们使我们的教室干净而整齐。 He always makes us laugh.（宾补） 他总使我们笑。二、
13、典型例题写出划线部分的句子成分。 1. Lily is cleaning the desk now. 2. Her garden is the best in our town. 3. Liu Ming is thirteen years old. 4. I like this book very much. 5. The girl on the blue bike is Janes sister. 6. She didnt come to my party because she was ill. 7. Wang Ping does his homework carefully. 8. We
14、 will go to the Childrens Palace once a week. 9. They are in the classroom. 10. It sounds good. 11. His name is Paul. 12. We always go to school early.三、 课后练习(一) 挑出下列句中的宾语My brotherdoesntdohis homework.A B C DPeoplealloverthe worldspeakEnglish. A B C D You must paygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation. A
15、 B C D How many newwordsdoyoulearn? A B C D Some of thestudentsin the school wantto go swimming,howaboutyou? A B C D(二) 挑出下列句中的表语 The old manisfeelingverytired. A B C D Why isheworriedaboutJim? A B C DTheleaveshaveturnedyellow. A B C D SoonTheyallbecome interestedin the subject. A B C D Sheisthe fir
16、stto learnabout it. A B C D(三) 挑出下列句中的定语 TheyuseMr. Mrs. with thefamilyname. A B C DWhatisyourgivenname? A B C D On thethirdlapareClass 1 and Class 3. A B C D I amafraidsomepeopleforgotto sweepthe floor. A B C DThe mandownstairswastryingto sleep.A B C D（四) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 Shelikesthe childrento read ne
17、wspapers and booksin thereading-room.（四)挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 Heasksherto take the boyout of school.A B C D Shefinditdifficultto do the work. A B C D TheycallmeLilysometimes. A B C DIsawMr. Wangget on the bus.A B C D(五) 挑出下列句中的状语Thereisa big smileon her face. A B C DEvery nightheheardthe noiseupstairs. A B C
18、 D Hebeganto learnEnglishwhen he was eleven.A B C DThe manon the motorbikeis travellingto fast.A B C DWith the medicine box under her arm,MissLihurried off. A B C D(六) 划出句中的直接宾语( )和间接宾语（ ） Please tell us a story. My father bought a new bike for me last week. Mr. Li is going to teach us history next
19、term. Here is a pen. Give it to Tom. Does he leave any message for me?(七) 分析下列句子的句子成分1. They are working on the farm now.2. Seeing is believing.3. All of us like Kobe Bryant very much.4. She became a doctor in 1998.5. The book lying on the floor are mine.6. Suddenly it began to rain.7. To catch the
20、train, I got up early yesterday.8. I always find her happy.9. He wonders If I still study English.10. The letter which I received the day before yesterday was a friend of mine.11. We always work hard at English.12. He said he didnt come.13. They love each other.14. What did you buy?15. She watched h
21、er daughter playing the piano.16. Your job today is to help the old.17. Speaking doesnt mean doing.18. By the time I got to the station, the train had left.19. The children bought their parents a car for the 25th anniversary of their marriage.20. It takes me an hour to get there.划分句子成分练习二1. Our scho
22、ol is not far from my home. 2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you 3. All of us considered him honest. 4. My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.5. He broke a piece of glass. 6. He made it clear that he would leave the city7. -I love you more than her，child 8. Tees turn green when sprin
23、g comes.9. They pushed the door open. 10. Grandma told me an interesting story last night. 11. He wrote carefully some letters to his friends. 12.All the students think highly of his teaching13. We need a place twice larger than this one. 14. He asked us to sing an English song. 15. Dont get nervous
24、，help yourself to what you like划分句子成分练习题(2)(一) 指出下例句中主语的中心词 The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. There is an old man coming here. The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. To do todays homework without the teachers help is very difficult.(二) 选出句中谓语的中心词 I
25、dont like the picture on the wall.A. dont B. like C. picture D. wall The days get longer and longer when summer comes.A. get B. longer C. days D. summer Do you usually go to school by bus?A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will be B. meeting C. the
26、 library D. afternoon Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?A. Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast Tom didnt do his homework yesterday.A. Tom B. didnt C. do D. his homework What I want to tell you is this.A. want B. to tell C. you D. is We had better send for a doctor.A. We B. had C. send D.
27、 doctor He is interested in music.A. is B. interested C. in D. music Whom did you give my book to?A. give B. did C. whom D. book(三) 挑出下列句中的宾语 My brother hasnt done his homework.A B C D People all over the world speak English.A B C D You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.A B C D How many
28、new words did you learn last class?A B C D Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?A B C D The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.A B C D They made him monitor of the class.A B C D Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left.A B C D You will f
29、ind it useful after you leave school.A B C D They didnt know who Father Christmas really is.A B C D(四) 挑出下列句中的表语 The old man was feeling very tired.A B C D Why is he worried about Jim?A B C D The leaves have turned yellow.A B C D Soon They all became interested in the subject.A B C D She was the fir
30、st to learn about it.A B C D(五) 挑出下例句中的定语 They use Mr. Mrs. with the family name.A B C D What is your given name?A B C D On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.A B C D I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.A B C D The man downstairs was trying to sleep.A B C D I am waiting for the soun
31、d of the other shoe!A B C D(六) 挑出下例句中的宾语补足语 She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.A B C D He asked her to take the boy out of school.A B C D She found it difficult to do the work.A B C D They call me Lily sometimes.A B C D I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.A B C D Did y
32、ou see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?A B C D(七) 挑出下例句中的状语 There was a big smile on her face.A B C D Every night he heard the noise upstairs.A B C D He began to learn English when he was eleven.A B C D The man on the motorbike was travelling to fast.A B C D With the medicine box
33、 under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.A B C D She loves the library because she loves books.A B C D I am afraid that if youve lost it, you must pay for it.A B C D The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.A B C D(八) 划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语 Please tell us a story. My father bought a new bike for
34、 me last week. Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term. Here is a pen. Give it to Tom. Did he leave any message for me?划分句子成分练习题（2）参考答案 (一) teacher man dictionary To do(二) B A C A C C D C A A (三) D D B A B D C D A D(四) D B D C B(五) C C A B B D(六) C C C C D B(七) D A D D A D C D(八) us, 间接宾语 a st
35、ory, 直接宾语 me, 间接宾语 a new bike, 直接宾语 us, 间接宾语 history, 直接宾语 Tom, 间接宾语 it, 直接宾语 me, 间接宾语 message, 直接宾语典型例题答案一.写出划线部分的句子成分。 1. 主，谓，宾，状2. 定，状 3. 表4. 谓，宾，状 5. 定，定6. 谓，状 7. 谓，宾，状8. 谓，状 9. 表10. 表 11. 定，表12. 状，状课后练习(三) D D B A B (四) D B D C B(五) C C A B B (六) C C C C D (七) D A D D A (八) us, 间接宾语 a story, 直接
36、宾语 me, 间接宾语 a new bike, 直接宾语 us, 间接宾语 history, 直接宾语 Tom, 间接宾语 it, 直接宾语 me, 间接宾语 message, 直接宾语1. They are working on the farm now.主语 系表结构做谓语 地点状语 时间状语2. Seeing is believing.动词ing做主语 谓语 宾语3. All of us like Kobe Bryant very much.主语 谓语 宾语 程度副词状语4. She became a doctor in 1998.主语 谓语 宾语 时间状语5. The book lyi
37、ng on the floor are mine.主语 补语 谓语 宾语6. Suddenly it began to rain.状语 形式主语 谓语7. To catch the train, I got up early yesterday.目的状语 主语 谓语 时间状语8. I always find her happy.主语 谓语 宾语 状语9. He wonders If I still study English.主语 谓语 条件句中的主语 条件句中的谓语 条件句中的宾语（整个条件句做主干的宾语）10. The letter which I received the day bef
38、ore yesterday was a friend of mine.主语 定语从句 谓语 宾语11. We always work hard at English.主语 状语 谓语 状语 状语12. He said he didnt come.主句主语 主句谓语 从句主语 从句谓语13. They love each other.主 谓语 宾语14. What did you buy?宾 助动词 主 谓15. She watched her daughter playing the piano.主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语16. Your job today is to help the old.主语 定语 系动词 表语17. Speaking doesnt mean doing.主语 谓语 宾语18. By the time I got to the station, the train had left.时间状语从句 主句主语 主句谓语19. The children bought their parents a car for the 25th anniversary of their marriage.主语