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1、-高考阅读真题-第 11 页2015年高考英语阅读理解题及答案(9套)Our brains work in complex and strange ways.There are some people who can calculate the day of the week for any given date in 40,000 years, but who cannot add two plus two.Others can perform complex classical piano pieces after hearing them once, but they cannot re
2、ad or write.Dr.J.Langdon Down first described this condition in 1887.He called these people idiot savants.An idiot savant is a person who has significant mental impairment (损伤) , such as in autism ( 孤独症，自闭症) or retardation.At the same time, the person also exhibits some extraordinary skills, which a
3、re unusual for most people.The skills of the savant may vary from being exceptionally gifted in music or in mathematics, or having a photographic memory.One of the first descriptions of a human who could calculate quickly was written in 1789 by Dr.Benjamin Rush, an American doctor.His patient, Thoma
4、s Fuller, was brought to Virginia as a slave in1724.It took Thomas only 90 seconds to work out that a man who has lived 70 years, 17 days, and 12 hours has lived 2,210,500,800 seconds.Despite this ability, he died in 1790 without ever learning to read or write.Another idiot savant slave became famou
5、s as a pianist in the 1860s.Blind Tom had a vocabulary of only 100 words, but he played 5 ,000 musical pieces beautifully.In the excellent movie Rain Man, made in 1988 and available on video cassette, Dustin Hoffman plays an idiot savant who amazes his brother played by Tom Cruise, with his ability
6、to perform complex calculations very rapidly.Today we more clearly recognize that the idiot savant is special because of brain impairment.Yet not all brain impairment leads to savant skills.Some studies have shown that people who have purposeful interruption of the left side of the brain can develop
7、 idiot savant skills.However few people wish to participate in such experiments.There are many excellent reasons for not undergoing unnecessary experimentation on ones brain.The term idiot savant is outdated and inappropriate.Virtually all savants have a high degree of intelligence and are thus not
8、idiots.72.What does the passage mainly talk about?A.Idiot savants have areas of outstanding abilities.B.Human Beings have complicated thinking process.C.The brains of the idiot savants are partly impaired.D.The reasons why people have wonderful skills vary.73.Which of the following can be done by Ra
9、in Man?A.He can play wonderful pieces of classical music.B.He can guess out exactly the length of a mans life.C.He can memorize the contents of the pictures fast.D.He can count matches dropped on the floor quickly.74.What can you infer from the passage?A.Idiot savants have real talents for art and m
10、ath.B.Dr.Down is the first person who found idiot savants.C.Few people wish to risk becoming savants by brain operations.D.Intentional left brain impairments will surely lead to idiot savants.75.Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?答案：7275 ADCBLaws that would have ensured pupils
11、 from five to 16 received a full financial education got lost in the wash up. An application is calling on the next government to bring it back.At school the children are taught to add up and subtract(减法) but, extraordinarily, are not routinely shown how to open a bank account let alone how to manag
12、e their finances in an increasingly complex and demanding world.Today the parenting website Mumsnet and the consumer campaigner Martin Lewis have joined forces to launch an online application to make financial education a compulsory element of the school curriculum in England. Children from five to
13、16 should be taught about everything from pocket money to pensions, they say. And that was exactly the plan preserved in the Children, Schools and Families bill that was shelved by the government in the so-called “wash-up” earlier this month the rush to legislation before parliament was dismissed. C
14、onsumer and parent groups believe financial education has always been one of the most frustrating omissions of the curriculum.As the Personal Finance Education Group (Pfeg) points out, the good habits of young children do not last long. Over 75% of seven- to 11-year-olds are savers but by the time t
15、hey get to 17, over half of them are in debt to family and friends. By this age, 26% see a credit card or overdraft(透支) as a way of extending their spending power. Pfeg predicts that these young people will “find it much harder to avoid the serious unexpected dangers that have befallen many of their
16、 parents generation unless they receive good quality financial education while at school.”The UK has been in the worst financial recession(衰退)for generations. It does seem odd that unless parents step in young people are left in the dark until they are cruelly introduced to the world of debt when th
17、ey turn up at university. In a recent poll of over 8,000 people, 97% supported financial education in schools, while 3% said it was a job for parents.61. The passage is mainly about _.A. how to manage school lessonsB. how to deal with the financial crisisC. teaching young people about moneyD. teachi
18、ng students how to study effectively62. It can be inferred from the first two paragraphs that _.A. the author complains about the school educationB. pupils should not be taught to add up and subtractC. students have been taught to manage their financesD. laws on financial education have been effecti
19、vely carried out63. The website and the consumer campaigner joined to _.A. instruct the pupils to donate their pocket moneyB. promote the connection of schools and familiesC. ask the government to dismiss the parliamentD. appeal for the curriculum of financial education64. According to Pfeg, _.A. it
20、 is easy to keep good habits longB. teenagers spend their money as plannedC. parents are willing to pay the debt for their kidsD. it will be in trouble if the teenagers are left alone65. A poll is mentioned to _.A. stress the necessity of the curriculum reformB. show the seriousness of the financial
21、 recessionC. make the readers aware of burden of the parentsD. illustrate some people are strongly against the proposal答案：61-65 CADDAuropeans should try to stay indoors if ash from Icelands volcano starts settling, the World Health Organization warned Friday as small amounts fell in Iceland, Scotlan
22、d and Norway.WHO spokesman Daniel Epstein said the microscopic(微小的) ash is potentially dangerous for people when it starts to reach the Earth because inhaled(吸入) particles can enter the lungs and cause respiratory problems. And he also said Europeans who go outside might want to consider wearing a m
23、ask.Other experts, however, werent convinced the volcanic ash would have a major effect on peoples health and said WHOs warnings were hysterical. They said volcanic ash was much less dangerous than cigarette smoke or pollution. Volcanic ash is made of fine particles of fragmented volcanic rock. It i
24、s light gray to black and can be as fine as talcum powder. During a volcanic eruption, the ash can be breathed deep into the lungs and cause irritation even in healthy people. But once it falls from a greater distance like from the cloud currently hovering above Europe its health effects are often m
25、inimal, experts say.Not all particles are created equal, said Ken Donaldson, a professor of respiratory toxicology at the University of Edinburgh, In the great scheme of things, volcanic ash is not all that harmful. And he said most Europeans exposure to volcanic ash would be negligible and that onl
26、y those in the near districts of the Icelandic volcano would likely be at risk.Dr. Stephen Spiro, a professor of respiratory medicine and deputy chair of the British Lung Foundation, said the further the particles travel, the less dangerous they will be. The cloud has already passed over northern Sc
27、otland and we havent heard of any ill effects there, he said. Spiro said to wear masks or stay indoors to avoid volcanic ash was over the top and a bit hysterical.60. The text is mainly about .A. the effect of volcanic ashB. the health risk of volcanic ashC. the disadvantages of volcanic ashD. the o
28、pinions on health risk of volcanic ash61. Which one is true according to Paragraph3?A. The volcanic ashs effects on Europeans were little.B. The ash caused irritation even in healthy people.C. Other experts thought WTOS warnings were useful.D. The volcanic ash was more dangerous than cigarette smoke
29、 or pollution.62. The underlined word “hysterical” in Paragraph4 most probably means .A. amazing B. practical C. valuable D. overstated63. What can we learn from the passage?A. The volcanic ash wouldnt be harmful to people.B. All experts thought the volcanic ash did great harm to our health.C. Peopl
30、e close to the volcano would likely be at risk according to some experts.D. Europeans should stay indoors because Icelands volcano starts settling.答案：60.D. 主旨大意题。本文主要就火山灰对人的健康的危害问题世卫组织和其他专家给出不同观点。A太笼统;B不能体现不同的观点;C与文章内容无关;D符合题意。61. A. 细节理解题。第三段最后一句可知A是正确的;由第三段中During a volcanic eruptionin healthy peo
31、ple.可知B错误;由第三段中Other experts, however, werent convinced cigarette smoke or pollution可排除C D。62. D. 词义猜测题。由上文中volcanic ash is not all that harmful和下文中only those in the near vicinity of the Icelandic volcano would likely be at risk可知D正确, 夸大的，言过其实的。63.C. 由第三段 But once it falls from a greater distance. e
32、ffects are often minimal和第四段中 only those in the near vicinity of the Icelandic volcano would likely be at risk以及第五段中 the further the particles travel, the more diluted and less dangerous they will be可知C正确。ABD观点表达绝对。Fear and its companion pain are two of the most useful things that man and animals po
33、ssess if they are used. If fire didnt hurt when it burned, children would play with it until their hands were burned away. Similarly, if pain existed but fear didnt, a child could burn itself again and again because fear would not warn it to keep away from the fire that had burnt it before. A really
34、 fearless soldierand some do existis not a good soldier because he is soon killed; and a dead soldier is of no use to his army. Fear and pain are therefore two guards without which man and animals might soon die out.In our first sentence we suggested that fear ought to be properly used. If, for exam
35、ple, you never go out of your house because of the danger of being knocked down and killed in the street by a car, you are letting fear rule you too much. The important thing is not to let fear rule you, but instead, to use fear as your servant and guide. Fear will warn you of dangers; then you have
36、 to decide what action to take.In many cases, you can take quick and successful action to avoid the danger. For example, you see a car coming straight towards you; fear warns you, you jump out of the way, and all is well.In some cases, however, you decide that there is nothing that you can do to avo
37、id the danger. For example, you cannot prevent an airplane crashing into your house, and you may not want to go and live in a desert where there are no airplanes. In this case, fear has given you its warning, you have examined it and decided on your course of action, so fear of the particular danger
38、 is no longer of any use to you, and you have to try to overcome it.60. Children would play with fire until their hands are burnt away if _.A. they were not well educated at school B. they had never played with fire beforeC. they had no sense of pain D. they were fearful of pain61. People sometimes
39、succeed in timely avoiding danger because _.A. they have gained experience B. they are warned of the danger and take quick actionC. they jump out of the way in time D. they are calm in face of danger62. What is implied but not stated in the passage?A. Too much fear is harmful B. Fear is always somet
40、hing helpfulC . Fear is something that can be avoidedD. Fear ought to be used as our guide in our life63. The best title for this passage should be _.A. No Pains, No Gains B. Pain and ActionsC. The Value of Fear D . The Reason Why People Fear答案：6063 CBAC Imagine a mass of floating waste is two times
41、 the size of the state of Texas. Texas has a land area of more than 678 000 square kilometers. So it might be difficult to imagine anything twice as big.All together, this mass of waste flowing in the North Pacific Ocean is known as the Great Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch. It weighs about 3 500 000 to
42、ns. The waste includes bags，bottles and containersplastic products of all kinds.The eastern part of the Great Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch is about l 600 kilometers west of California. The western part is west of the Hawaiian Islands and east of Japan. The area has been described as a kind of oceanic
43、 desert，with light winds and slow moving water currents. The water moves so slow that garbage from all over the world collects there.In recent years，there have been growing concerns about the floating garbage and its effect on sea creatures and human health. Scientists say thousands of animals get t
44、rapped in the floating waste，resulting in death or injury. Even more die from a lack of food or water after swallowing pieces of plastic. The trash can also make animals feel full，lessening their desire to eat or drink.The floating garbage also can have harmful effects on people. There is an increas
45、ed threat of infection of disease from polluted waste，and from eating fish that swallowed waste. Divers can also get trapped in the plastic.Its existence first gained public attention in l997. That was when racing boat captain and oceanographer Charles Moore and his crew sailed into the garbage whil
46、e returning from a racing event. Five years earlier，another oceanographer learned of the trash after a shipment of rubber duckies got lost at sea. Many of those toys are now part of the Great Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch.In August，2009，a team from the University of California，San Diego became thelate
47、st group to travel to it. They were shocked by the amount of waste they saw. They gathered hundreds of sea creatures and water samples to measure the garbage patchs effect on ocean environment.51.How did the writer introduce the topic of the passage?A. By giving an example. B. By listing the facts.C. By telling a story. D. By giving a comparison.52.What do we know about the Great Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch?A. It is made up of various kinds of plastic products.B. It is a solid mass of floating waste materials.C. It lies l60 000 kilomet