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1、2022年1月全国普通高等学校招生统一考试上海春考 英语仿真模拟试卷（一）I. Listening Comprehension Section A （第 1-10 题，每题 1 分；第 11-20 题，每题 1.5 分；共 25 分）Section ADirections: In Section Af you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will he asked about what was said. The conve
2、rsations and the questions will he spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper;and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.A. At the airport.B. In a theatre.C. In a ticket office.D. At a hotel.A. A
3、ttend a party.B. Go camping.C. Decorate a house.D. Rent a tent3. A. 2.B. 3.C. 5.D. 10.4. A. The postcard has been lostB.The local post office is dosed.C. The man will go to the post office.D.The woman is expecting a postcard.5.A. Buy some new equipmentB.Leave the equipment as they are.C. Watch what
4、the woman is doing.D. Finish his wort as quickly s possible.6 .A. Work on the assignment with a classmateB.Talk to an advisor about dropping the course.C.Spend more time working on maths problems.D.Ask a graduate assistant for help.7 .A. Go home to get a book.8 . Return a book to the library.C.Pick
5、up a book at the library for the woman.D. Ask the librarian for help in finding a book.8.A. She wishes she hadnt ordered the dish.B.She doesnt usually eat in the cafeteria.C.The cafeteria usually uses canned vegetables.D.The dish usually contains fewer vegetables.9 . A. Students still have time to a
6、pply for a Ion.B.Students must wait until next month to apply for a loan.Believable 可以相信的。根据上句“Do you remember how you felt the first time you rode bike?”（作者问第 一次骑车的时候）可知，作者在讲过去的记忆。故选B。【42题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果这些创伤不会造成如此多的伤害，那会怎么样呢？ A.dignity尊严；B.struggle 4*; C.pain 痛苦； D.movement 运动。根据上句“such painfbl m
7、emories can leave people with life-changing mental conditions.（这些痛苦的记忆会给人们带来改变生活的精神状况。）“创伤”应该是痛 苦的经历，所以会造成“痛苦: 故选C。【43题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：神经系统科学家通常定义一个记忆为“一个印迹符号”-在大脑组织中的和一 个特定的记忆有关的物理改变。A.associated w汕 和有关；B.exchanged for交换；C.sentenced to判开lj； D.deprived of 录lj夺。“ defne a singular memory as ”本句解释的是“mem
8、ory”的定义，recllection 是它的近义 词，因此应该是“和它相关的:故选A。【44题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们能够瞄准那个构成记忆符号的细胞，然后植入一个虚假的记忆。A.put off 推迟；B.pickup 捡起；C. turn on 打开；D.makeup 构成。根据“a physical change in brain tissue, a particular recollection. （科学家对“engram”的定义）可知，那个细胞储存着记忆，构成了记忆符号。故 选Do【45题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在他们的工作中，老鼠会对某个特定的刺激作出惊恐的反应，即使
9、当它们提 前没有遭遇到这种情况。A. reacted反应；B.hurried匆忙；C.stunned震惊；D.resolved决心。根据“They were able to target the cells that one engram in a mouses brain and then implant a false memory. ” （科学家们在做研究，“往它们体内植入虚假的记忆”），所以应该是老鼠对此作出反应。故选A。【46题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在他们当前的工作中，他和同事正在调查是否这些消极的记忆可以被积极 的记忆改写。A.short-term短期的;B.negati
10、ve消极的；C.enjoyable快乐的；D.reliable可靠的。根据后 文的“ be “overwritten” by positive ones”可知，本空应该是它的反义词。故选B。【47题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在对老鼠进行外科手术之后科学家们发现，当老鼠在笼子里的时候激活那些 积极的记忆会让它不再那么恐惧。A.deleting册IJ除；B.decreasing减少；C.activating激活；D.pausing 暂停。*艮据positive memories are created by putting male mice in cages with female ones
11、 for an hour”， （科学家们对老鼠输入了积极的记忆），所以推测本句指“激活”这些积极记忆。故选C。【48题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们认为这种记忆的“重新训练”有助于去除掉老鼠的一些创伤。A.recreate 重新创造；B.eliminate 消除；C.liberate 解放；D.memorize 记住。根据下文，“it is unclear whether those original fear memories are completely lost or just suppressed （不知这些原始恐惧是否完全消失）可知，本 句指这样做可以“消除”掉一些创伤。故选B。
12、【49题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，是否这些原始的恐惧记忆完全消除或抑制是不清楚的。A.Therefore因 此；B.Besides 另夕卜;C.Indeed 实际上；D.However 然而。根据上文“They think that this memory ccretrainingnmay be helping to some of the mouses trauma. 这样做有助于消除恐惧记忆，下句又讲“能否完全消除还不清楚”，因此两句之间是转折关系。故选D。【40题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：尽管他们的团队强调他们在老鼠身上的成果只是初步的，但是他们也看到了 在这条路上为人类治
13、疗的潜力。A.Since因为；B.Unless除非；C.Until直到；D.While然而。根据从句 中“preliminary（初步的广一词，及主句中“潜力”一词，可推出主从句之间为转折关系。故选D。【51题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：例如，那些遭受抑郁的人们就可以让他们的记忆被转换，以致于他们对痛苦 的经历没有一种强烈的反应。A.removed移除；B.strengthened加强；C.altered转换；D.stimulated刺激。 根据Ramirezs team stresses that their work in mice is preliminary（初步的），they se
14、e treatment potential for humans down the road”，“科学家们在对老鼠做实验的成效中，看到了人类治疗的潜能“，所以本句是这 种“潜能”应用的例子，就是可以转换人的记忆。故选C。【52题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：例如，那些遭受抑郁的人们就可以让他们的记忆被转换，以致于他们对痛 苦的经历没有一种强烈的反应。A.emotional情感的；B.physical身体的C.controversial有争议的； D.mechanical机械的；本空修饰“response to painfbl recollection”，（人对痛苦回忆的反应），这种反应应 该
15、是“情感上的工故选A。【53题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果关键的证人和受害者不能记得犯罪事件，那么执法系统会处于不利地位 吗？ A.immune免疫的；B.justice公正的，正义，执法制度；C.medical医疗的；D.commerce商业。根 据 “system be at a disadvantage if key witnesses and victims cannot remember a crime?”意思，证人和受害者 不记得犯罪事件后，那么“执法部门就无法找到确切的犯罪证据。故选B。【54题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：伴随着神经科学家们的研究进展，他们说这些道德上的
16、问题也正在被考虑 中。A.mental精神的;B.ethical道德上的,伦理的；C.criminal罪犯的；D.equality平等性。根据“These are questions New York University bioethicist Arthur Caplan says are worth thinking about ”作者提出，如果这 种技术应用在人身上后，会出现的各种问题可知，这些问题都属于“道德”方面的。故选B。55题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Ramirez认为这种控制记忆的想法既不是好的，也不是坏的，这取决于你怎 样使用它。A.killing杀害;B.multipl
17、ying繁殖;C.controlling控制;D.justifying证明合法，辩护。根 据“memories can be “overwritten” by positive ones”可知，本文主要讲“改变人的记忆”的问题，所以这里应 该是“控制记忆”。故选C。Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices
18、 marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）Peggy, an old border collie （柯利牧羊犬），was signed over to the RSPCA （皇家防止虐待动物协会）after her handler could no longer communicate with her. He thought she could no longer work becaus
19、e she was not able to hear whistles or voice commands.However, after being handed to the RSPCA, Peggy was taken in by Chloe Shorten, an animal welfare manager from the organizations mid-Norfolk and north Suffolk branch.Shorten, 28, and her husband Jason, 34, a shepherd, taught Peggy to understand ha
20、nd signals and body language. The couple trained Peggy with the help of a sheepdog trainer and their two other working dogs, Sid and Nora.Shorten said: We completely fell in love with Peggy almost immediately, and it soon became clear that she wouldnt be going anywhere. We knew Peggy wanted to be wo
21、rking, so we started the long process of teaching her how to herd and work with a shepherd without relying on voice commands.,The couple began by training Peggy to look at them to receive hand signals. “We used repetitive and positive reinforcement and instead of pairing a verbal command with an act
22、ion wed use a hand gesture. She reads our hand signals and body language as a way of telling what were asking fbr. For example, thumbs up means good girf. A flat, outstretched palm means stop.Shorten and her husband point in a certain direction to indicate where they want Peggy to go and pat their k
23、nees to summon her back to them. To ask her to slow down, Shorten said she does a waving gesture.Peggy is not working full-time but enjoys helping out in the fields. It can be difficult with a deaf dog, because you have to wave at her to get her attention, and sometimes she doesnt realize straight a
24、way/ she said. “But she* s such a happy little dog. She* s no spring chicken, and she is generally retired, but she loves going out to work with us and running around in the fields.* 56. What do we learn about Peggy from the passage?A. Peggy was transferred from her former owner to RSPCA for her old
25、 age.B. Peggy was trained without the aid of other dogs.C. Peggy was adopted by the couple shortly after the couple met her.D. Peggy is full of energy and now is working all day long.57. How did the couple train Peggy to understand their hand signals and body language?A. By applying repeated and pos
26、itive reinforcement.B. By paring a verbal command with an action.C. By patting their knees.D. By doing a waving gesture.58. What is the meaning of the underlined part in Paragraph 7?A. not deafB. not youngC. not energeticD. not positiveWhat is the main idea of the passage?A. Sign language is of impo
27、rtance to training dogs to herd.B. How RSPCA rescues the abandoned dogs and sends them to some families.C. How Shorten and Jason teach deaf dogs to herd and work with a shepherd.D. An elderly deaf sheepdog is now working again after learning sign language.【答案】56.C 57. A 58. B 59. D语篇导读本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了一只
28、年老的叫Peggy的牧羊犬失去听力后被主人送到皇家防止虐待动物协会。在那里，它被Shorten夫妇收养并学会手语，重新开始工作。【解析】.C 推理判断题。根据第四段第一句中的 We completely fell in love with Peggy almost immediately, and it soon became clear that she wouldn*t be going anywhere 可知答案。56 .A 细节理解题。根据第五段第二句We used repetitive and positive reinforcement可知答案。B选项是 这对夫妻没有选择的方法C和
29、D选项是具体某个手势，并不是训练的方法。57 .B词义猜测题。根据最后一段she is generally retired可知,Peggy是一只退休的，不再年轻的狗。59.D主旨大意题。从文章的第一段和最后一段得知，年老的失去听力的Peggy被Shorten夫妇教会手语 后，重新工作。(B)With the fragrance industry expected to be worth an enormous $92 billion by 2024, there is big money to be made from scents. As the fashion and marketing
30、industry moves away from targeting men and women and onto a more inclusive, non-gendered approach, fragrance companies are doing the exact same-creating products that can be worn happily by all genders. The smells were drawn to are inherently universal, across all genders and including all noses. Wi
31、th this in mind, we tested our noses against three of the brands that have made a play for gender neutrality.Eccentric MoleculesThe unique selling point of Eccentric Molecules is that its designed to smell completely different on every wearer, reacting with our natural scents to create a unique blen
32、d. With potential for sharing with a loved one, their packaging is a practical if a little unromantic, simple bottle.Still, upon opening their best seller Molecule 01, the journey begins. Upon first spray, the overwhelming scent is of alcohol, but it soon settles into a barely-there smell that recal
33、ls soft leather and feels surprisingly soothing on skin.Top Scent: Molecule 01, 72 for 100mlClean ReserveClean Reserve smells like it sounds-bright fresh scents that would appeal to those who prefer light smell. It is also perfect for keeping in your gym or day bag to freshen up yourself.Packaging f
34、eels weighty and luxurious without compromising sustainability the bottle is made from sustainability -managed fores: wood and even the alcohol is derived from corn.Top Scent: Rain, 82 forlOOmlLaboratory PerfumesPackaged in chemistry-class bottles, this brands latest collection is strongly inspired
35、by Britain and its natural abundance of herbs and flowers. What results are grown-up, powerful scents.Our clear favourites from the collection couldnt be more different “Samphire“ is a refreshing coastal scent mixed with rose, while “Atlas” is a strong blend of wine and tobacco, an easy signature sc
36、ent for day and night with minimal reapplication needed.Top Scent: Atlas, 65 for 100ml. The purpose of paragraph 1 is.A. to analyze how smells influence usB. to sell the idea of non-gendered fragranceC. to inform the readers of a latest fashion trendD. to justify the development of fragrance industr
37、yThe common feature of Escentric Molecules and Clean Reserve is.A. practical and simple packagingB. sustainable packaging made from woodC. a soft and light scentD. smelling totally different on every userFor a customer who prefer strong mature smells that lasts a whole day, which product should he c
38、hoose?A. Molecule 01.B. Rain.C. Samphire.D. Atlas.【答案】60.B61. C 62. D语篇导读本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了不同香水的特点。【解析】【60题详解】推理判断题。根据第段“As the fashion and marketing industry moves away from targeting men and women and onto a more inclusive, non-gendered approach, fragrance companies are doing the exact same-creating
39、 products that can be worn happily by all genders.（随着时尚和营销行业从瞄准男性和女性转向一种更具包 容性、非性别化的方式，香水公司正在做完全相同的创造性产品，所有性别都可以快乐地使用广可知， 本段的主要目的就是推销非性别化香水理念。故选择B项。【61题详解】推理判断题。第一个方框内“Upon first spray, the overwhelming scent is of alcohol, but it soon settles into a barely-there smell that recalls soft leather and
40、feels surprisingly soothing on skin.(第一次喷洒时,压倒性的气 味是酒精，但它很快就变成了一种几乎没有的气味，让人想起柔软的皮革，皮肤感觉异常光滑)及第二 个方框内“Clean Reserve smells like it sounds-bright, fresh scents that would appeal to those who prefer light smell.(Clean Reserve闻起来像明亮，新鲜的气味，会吸引那些喜欢淡气味的人户可知，两种香水的共同 点是，柔软和味道淡。故选择C项。【62题详解】细节理解题。根据第三个方框内“whi
41、le Atlas is a strong blend of wine and tobacco, an easy signature scent for day and night w汕minimal reapplication needed.(而“Atlas”是一种强烈的混合了酒和烟草的特色鲜明的 气味能持续一整天，很少需要再次使用户可知，“Atlas”适合喜欢气味强烈且持久香水的人士。故选择D 项。(C)Types of Social GroupsLife places us in a complex web of relationships with other people. Our h
42、umanness arises out of these relationships in the course of social interaction. Moreover, our humanness must be sustained through social interaction - and fairly constantly so. When an association continues long enough for two people to become linked together by a relatively stable set of expectatio
43、ns, it is called a relationship.People are bound within relationships by two types of bonds: expressive ties and instrumental ties. Expressive ties are social links formed when we emotionally invest ourselves in and commit ourselves to other people. Through association with people who are meaningful
44、 to us, we achieve a sense of security, love, acceptance, companionship, and personal worth. Instrumental ties are social links focused when we cooperate with other people to achieve some goal.Occasionally, this may mean working with, instead of against, competitors. More often, we simply cooperate
45、with others to reach some end without endowing the relationship with any larger significance.Sociologists have built on the distinction between expressive and instrumental ties to distinguish between two types of groups: primary and secondary. A primary group involves two or more people who enjoy a
46、direct, intimate, cohesive relationship with one another. Expressive ties predominate in primary groups: we view the people as ends in themselves and valuable in their own right. A secondary group entails two or more people who are involved in an impersonal relationship and have come together for a
47、specific, practical purpose. Instrumental ties predominate in secondary groups ; we perceive people as means to ends rather than as ends in their own right, sometimes primary group relationships evolve out of secondary group relationships. This happens in many work settings. People on the job often
48、develop close relationships with coworkers as they come to share gripes, jokes, gossip, and satisfactions.A number of conditions enhance the likelihood that primary groups will arise. First, group size is important. We find it difficult to get to know people personally when they are milling about an
49、d dispersed in large groups. In small groups we have a better chance to initiate contact and establish rapport with them. Second, face - to - face contact allows us to size up others. Seeing and talking with one another in close physical proximity makes possible a subtle exchange of ideas and feelings.