2022年中考英语被动语态 .pdf

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1、初中英 语被动语态专项讲 解一、语态概述语态是动词的一种形式，表示句子之中主 语和谓语动词 的关系。英语有两种语态：主动语态 和被动语态主动语态 表示主 语是动作的 发出者（或 执行者）eg：Many people speak Chinese.谓语：speak 的动作是由主 语 many people 来执行的。被动语态 表示主 语是动作的承受者，即行为动 作的对象。eg：Chinese is spoken by many people.主语 English 是动词 speak 的承受者。二、被 动语态 的构成被动语态 由“助 动词 be及物 动词的过去分 词”构成。人称、数和 时态的变化是通

2、过 be 的变化表现出来的。(被动语态 的否定式和疑 问式均由助 动词或第一个助动词构成。)各种时态的被动语态 构成：1.一般现在时：am is are及物 动词的过去分词Eg：Im asked to take care of myself.Football is played all over the world 2.一般过去时：was were及物 动词的过去分词Eg：This house was built in 1958.His leg was broken in an accident.3.一般将来 时：will shall be及物 动词的过去分词Eg：More factories

3、 will be built in our city.He will be taken to hospital tomorrow.4.现在进行时：am is are being 及物 动词的过去分词.Eg：A road is being built around the mountain.Many new houses are being built in this city 5.过去进行时：was/were being 及物 动词的过去分词Eg：The meeting was being held when I was there.We were being trained this tim

4、e last year.6.现在完成 时：havehas been 及物 动词的过去分词Eg：His book has been translated into many foreign languages.The prices of many goods have been cut again.7.过去完成 时：had been+及物动词的过去分词Eg：A new school had been set up by the end of last year.8.含有情 态动词 的被动语态：情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词Eg：The rubbish can be put into the

5、dustbin over there.名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 1 页，共 5 页 -三、被 动语态 的基本用法一般来 说，在我们日常生活中，能用主 动语态 的时候就尽量不去用被 动语态。只有在下列情况中我 们才用被 动语态：1.不知道 动作的执行者是 谁。eg：1).Some new computers were stolen last night.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。2).This bridge was founded in 1981.这座桥竣工于 1981 年。3).The front window in the classroom was broken ye

6、sterday.昨天，教室的前窗被打2.没不要 说出动作的执行者是 谁。Eg:1).The time-table has been changed.时间表已变动了2).China was founded in 1949.3.不愿意 说出动作的执行者，其目的是 为了使语言得体、圆滑等。在这种情况下，有时常用一些句式，如 It is said that（据说），It is reported that（据 报道），It is well known that（众所周知）It is supposed that（据推 测说），It is believed that 大家相信，It is hoped tha

7、t 大家希望，It is thought that大家 认为，It is suggested that据建议等等。eg:1.It is said that she is going to be married to a foreigner.据说她要嫁给一个外国人。2.It is said that the boy has passed the national exam.（The boy is said to have passed the national exam.）4.强调动作的承受者，而不 强调动作的执行者。Eg:1).The glass was broken by Mike.玻璃杯是

8、 迈克打破的。2).his book was written by him.这本书是他写的。3）.Your homework must be finished on time.你们的家庭作 业必须及时完成。注：使用被 动语态 的情况口 诀：动作谁做的不知道，谁说出的不必要。接受 动作需强调，用被 动语态 最为妙。四、主 动语态变 被动语态 的方法：1.把主动语态 的宾语变为 被动语态 的主语。2.把谓语变 成被 动结构(be过去分 词)(根据被 动语态 句子里的主 语的人称和数，以及原来主 动语态句子中 动词的时态来决定 be 的形式)。3.把主动语态 中的主 语放在介 词 by 之后作 宾语

9、，将主格改 为宾格。He plant trees in spring.Trees are planted in spring by him.主动语态变 被动语态 口诀：宾语提前主 语变，原主 变宾 by 后见，时态人称 be关键。All the people laughed at him.He was laughed at by all people.They make the bikes in the factory.The bikes are made by them in the factory.He cut down a tree.A tree was cut down by him.

10、名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 2 页，共 5 页 -被动语态 中“by+宾语”的省略：被动语态 句式中的“by+宾语”表示及物 动词 所表示 动作的执行者，但是在遇到以下情况 时，表示 动作执行者“by+宾语”常常被省略。1.动作执行者不确定 时Eg:1.Paper is made from wood.2.Many people are killed in traffic accidents every day.2.不必表明 动作执行者时Eg：1.English is also spoken as the second language as well as one of

11、the official languages.2.Football is played in most school.3.动作执行者为一般大众 时.Eg:1.Both English and Spanish are spoken in this area.2.He is made the monitor of the class today.初中英 语被动语态专项练习一单项选择1.The Peoples Republic of China _ on October 1,1949.A.found B.was founded C.is founded D.was found 2.English _

12、 in Canada.A.speaks B.are spoken C.is speaking D.is spoken 3.This English song_ by the girls after class.A.often sings B.often sang C.is often sang D.is often sung 4.This kind of car _ in Japan.A,makes B.made C.is making D.is made 5.New computers _ all over the world.A.is used B.are using C.are used

13、 D.have used 6.Our room must _ clean.A.keep B.be kept C.to be kept D.to keep 7.-Id like to buy that coat.-Im sorry._.A.it sold B.its selling C.Its been sold D.it had been sold 8.A new house _ at the corner of the road.A.is building B.is being built C.been built D.be building 9.The key _ on the table

14、 when I leave.A.was left B.will be left C.is left D.has been left 10.Doctors _ in every part of the world.A.need B.are needing C.are needed D.will need 11.His new book_ next month.A.will be published B.is publishing C.is being published D.has been published 12.Japanese _ in every country.A.is not sp

15、oken B.are spoken C.is speaking D.is not speaking 13.These papers_yet.A.have not written B.have not been written C.has not written D.has not been written 14.The sports meet _ be held until next week.A.didnt B.wont C.isnt D.doesnt 15.-My shoes are worn out.-A.Cant they be mended?B.Let me have a look

16、at it.名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 3 页，共 5 页 -C.How much do they cost?D.Cant they mended?16._ the watch been repaired yet?I badly need it.A.Does B.Has C.Is D.Are 17._ these desks be needed?A.Will B.Are C.Has D.Do 18.Why _ to talk about it yesterday?A.didnt a meeting hold B.wasnt a meeting held C.wasnt h

17、eld a meeting D.a meeting wasnt held 19.Who was the book_?A.write B.wrote C.written D.written by 20.Where _ these boxes made?A.was B.were C.is D.am 二用 动词 show 的被动语态 填空1).I know a new film_ at the cinema every week 2).I know a new film _ at the cinema last week.3).I know a new film _ at the cinema th

18、ese days.4).I know a new film _ at the cinema at eight last night 5).I know a new film _ at the cinema recently 6).I know a new film _ at the cinema by the end of last week 7).I know a new film _ at the cinema in two days 三将下列句子 变成被动语态1.People speak English in many countries.2.We built this bridge l

19、ast year.3.The tiger in the z00 frightened the little girl.4.Xiao Liu has invited you to a lunch party.5.You must not take these magazines out of the reading-room.6.We shall discuss the problem at tomorrows meeting.7.Has anybody fed the birds?8.People will never forget the accident.9.You may write this letter in pencil.10.They are repairing the car in the garage.名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 4 页，共 5 页 -1-5 BDDDC 6 10 BCBBC 11-15AABBA 16-20BABDB名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 5 页，共 5 页 -