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1、2022年高考英语大二轮复习讲与练（通用版）22应用文阅读策略攻略【高频考点回顾】一、应用文的特点应用文是在日常工作和生活中使用的文体，通常以实用性为目的、以真实性为基础、以时效性为根本、 以规范性为准那么。该文体一般可分为两大类：一类是说明性应用文，包括广告、启事、海报、守那么、公告、 指南、个人简历、备忘录、摘要等；另一类是表达性应用文，如书信、日记、便条、报告、请帖等。目的 都是向读者传输信息。高考试题主要涉及宣传广告、公告类应用文，偶尔也会有书信类文章出现。从近三年高考全国卷阅读 理解中应用文的话题分布情况可知，前一类是应用文命题的首选题材，其中包括广告、海报和指南等。在高考英语阅读理
2、解中应用文体的考查主要有如下几个特点：1 .就文体特点而言，应用文主要是为了向读者传递信息，措辞简洁明了，一般来说，和所述问题无关的文 字不会出现。例如很多文章没有标题，甚至通篇没有一个完整的句子，而是用词、数字、缩写、短语等 来替代。2 .就选材特点来说，信息量大，文句精练，形式灵活，用最小的篇幅表述最大量的信息。其中书信，招 聘和商品销售等广告，交通运输时刻表，日记等的比例较大。其内容特点表现为：生活化，实用化，多 样化。3 .就形式特点而言，标题醒目，重点突出，条理清晰，常用粗体字或各类工程符号使文章结构更鲜明。4 .就语言特点来说，文章充满大量冗长而生僻的专有名词，如人名、地名、机构名
3、、组织名、书籍名、作 品名等等，而且没有汉语注释。缩略词、祈使句、省略句多。5 .在行文方式方面，应用文的每种文体都有固定的格式。表达性应用文采用一般记叙文的写作方法，无特 别之处；说明性应用文的行文呈排列式，即以小标题为单位逐一下行排列。6 .就命题特点来说，高考英语应用文的设问一般是按照文章段落的顺序依次设置，主要考查考生提取信息 和处理信息的能力，既考查对特定细节的选取、排除、类比、综合，又注重推理判断题的考查，题目设 置相对容易。具体讲来主要有四大类：（1）细节理解题，即要求考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节 进行理解。这一题型常见的命题方式有事实认定题、图形识别题、数字运算题等。（
4、2）推理判断题。这类 题主要考查考生根据文章的字面意思，通过分析语篇的逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度， 理解文章的寓意等。推理判断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题。（3）主旨大意题。该类题主要考查media platforms or organizing an online fundraiser“、“to instruct peers online、from your computer”和“Online volunteer work may prove to be exactly thato由此可知，4个活动的共同点就是，通过网络进行志愿者服务。 应选C项。There are ma
5、ny international organizations which work to save and protect endangered species （物种）andnatural environment. If you would like more information about any of the organizations listed below, you can writeto the addresses given.Friends of the Earth（FOE）campaigns on a range of problems including rainfor
6、ests, the countryside - water and air pollution and energy-O Friends of the EarthFriends of the Earth International SecretariatP.O. Box 191991000 G . D .AmsterdamThe NetherlandsGreenpeace uses peaceful but direct action to defend the environment . It campaigns to protect rainforests and sea animals,
7、 stop global warming and end pollution of air, land and seas . It also opposes nucleW核）power .Greenpeace InternationalKeizeiracht 1761016 DW Amsterdam.The NetherlandsBirdLife International is an. organization which works to save endangered birds all over the world .BirdLife InternationalBirdLife Int
8、ernational is an. organization which works to save endangered birds all over the world .BirdLife InternationalWWF-Wbrld Wide Fund For Nature is the worlds largest private international organization for the protection of nature and endangered species .BirdLifeINTERN ATION A LWellbrook CourtGirton Roa
9、dCambridge CB3 ONAEnglandWWFInformation Officer WWF International Avenue 曲 Mont-Blanc 1196 Gland SwitzerlandIf you want to learn more about the organizations, you can.A. call themB. write them a letterC. visit themD. send them an e-mailIL BirdLife International is an organization aiming to.A. reduce
10、 pollutionB. defend rainforestsC. protect ocean animalsD. save endangered birds12. If you oppose nuclear power, you can join.A. Friends of the EarthB. World Wide Fund For NatureGreenpeaceD. BirdLife International13. Which is the best title for the passage?A. Environmental Protection OrganizationsGlo
11、bal Traffic ProblemsB. Endangered AnimalsNatural Beauty【答案】BDCA【解析】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了各种关于保护濒危物种和自然环境的组织。10 .细节理解题。根据文章第一段If you would like more information about any of the organizations listed below, you can write to the addresses given.（如果你想了解更多关于该组织的信息，可以寄信到所给的地址。）“可知， 如果你想了解更多关于这些组织的信息，你可以给他们写一封信。应选
12、B。11 .细节理解题。根据文章表格 BirdLife 中的“BirdLife International is an organization which works to save endangered birds all over the world.（国际鸟盟是一个拯救全世界濒危鸟类的世界型组织。厂可知，国际鸟盟是 一个旨在拯救濒危鸟类的组织。应选D。12 .细节理解题。根据文章表格GREENPEACE中的“It also opposes nuclear（核）power.（它也反对核能广可知， 如果你反对核能，你可以加入绿色和平组织。应选C。13 .主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Ther
13、e are many international organizations which work to save and protect endangered species （物种）and natural environment.（有许多国际组织致力于拯救和保护濒危物种和自然环 境。）”及全文可知，文章介绍了各种关于保护濒危物种和自然环境的组织。所以“Environmental Protection Organizations（环境保护组织户作为文章标题最为合适。应选A。5Learn With HomerPrice: FreeSkill: Comprehension, Phonics （拼
14、读法）Grade level: Pre-K, K Device: iPadIts a leam-to-read app for kids aged 3 to 6 that includes drawing, voice recording, stories, songs, and more, along with more traditional phonics exercises. This app can be helpful for kids who have speech production problems and language organization problems.In
15、spiration MapsPrice: $9.99Skill: Comprehension, WritingGrade level: 4th and above Device: iPadInspiration Maps is a mind-mapping tool that helps kids visually organize ideas. They can create maps, brainstorms, and text outlines. Outlines can be changed to maps, and maps can be changed to outlines. U
16、sers can share creations by emailing, printing, or saving to iTunes, Dropbox, or the app. The Lite version which is free, lets kids create up to five mind maps with no sharing choices.Aesops QuestPrice: $0.99Skill: ComprehensionGrade level: 2nd, 3rd, 4th Device: iPad iPhone iPod TouchAesops Quest, b
17、ased on Aesops Fables, is a learning game where the student must remember parts of a story to complete a level. At the end of each story level, the student is rewarded with tests. After solving the tests, the story is complete and the child can continue to the next story.LightSailPrice: FreeSkill: C
18、omprehensionGrade level: Pre-K, K, 1st, 2nd, 3rd 4th, 4th and above Device: iPadLightSail is an e-reading platform that helps teachers support their students9 independent reading. Students can use LightSail to check out texts from their schools5 online libraries and read the books directly on their
19、iPad.14. What do the four apps have in common?A. They try to improve kids comprehension ability.B. They are developed for high-school students.C. They can be downloaded onto iPhones.D. They are free of charge.15. The app “Learn With Homer“ can help users who have difficulty in.A. singing songsB. rea
20、ding storiesC. making speechesD. learning foreign languages16. Which app inspires users, visual imagination?A. Learn With Homer.B. Aesops Quest.C. LightSaiLD. Inspiration Maps.【答案】ACD【解析 1这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四款旨在提高孩子们阅读能力的应用软件。14 .细节理解题。根据通过三款应用中Skill局部中都提到“comprehension（阅读理解厂可知，这四个应用程序 的共同之处是他们试图提高孩子的理解能力
21、。应选A。15 .细节理解题。根据 Learn With Homer 局部中“This app can be helpful for kids who have speech production problems and language organization problems.（这个应用程序可以帮助那些有语言生成问题和语言组织问题的 孩子广可知，这款名为“LearnWithHomer”的应用可以帮助演讲有困难的用户。应选C。16 .细节理解题。根据 Inspiration Maps 局部中“Inspiration Maps is a mind-mapping tool that hel
22、ps kids visually organize ideas.（灵感地图是一种思维导图工具，可以帮助孩子们直观地组织想法）”可知，Inspiration Maps激 发了用户的视觉想象力。应选D。6The perfect gift for your favorite young readers!The NYRB Childrens Book Club will be the perfect gift for your favorite young readers!Weve grouped some of our books by age and interest and will send
23、one book every other month for a year to the lucky child. All are forever books”. To order a Childrens Book Club subscription （订购）,please call 800-354-0050 or visit nyrb. com/cbc.First Chapter BooksAge: 5-9Fun tales of family, friendship, fantasy and frustration will even attract the youngest childr
24、en.Books: Hickory, The School For Cats, Wee Gillis Jenny s Moonlight Adventure, The Sorely Trying Day He Was There From The Day We Moved InFee: $77.95 w汕 free US shippingWhimsical Early ReadersAge: 3-7Fun with words, yucky （难以下咽的）gourmet food, and a hareandtortoiselike race are a few of the subjects
25、 of these silly books.Books: Three Ladies Beside The Sea, Junket Is Nice, The Marzipan Pig, Mud Pies And Other Recipes, The Two CarsFee: $77. 95 with free US shippingEarly Chapter BooksAge: 5-9Page-turners featuring tall tales of the sea, and a little boy who keeps interrupting （打搅）his father story.
26、Books: Wolf Story, Jim At The Comer, Jenny Goes To Sea 9 Jenny And The Cat Club 9 Beyond The Pawpaw Trees, The MousewifeFee: $82, 95 with free US shippingHeroesAge: 8-14Real and fantastical adventures inaction-packed stories that take place in small-town America, Ireland, war-tom Holland, India, and
27、 mystical Cythera.Books: Winter In Wartime, The Island Of Horses, The Village By The Sea, The Lost Island, The Adventures Of Anatole, Lizard MusicFee: $60.95 with free US shippingWho are the books fit for?A. College students.B. Little children.C. Office workers. D. Young parents.17. Which age of chi
28、ldren is the group Heroes fit for?A. 2-5.B. 3-7.C. 5-9.D. 8-14.18. Which group of books costs the most?A. First Chapter Books.B. Whimsical Early Readers.C. Early Chapter Books.D. Heroes.【答案】BDC【解析】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要是关于儿童图书的订阅广告。17 .细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The NYRB Childrens Book Club will be the perfect gift for y
29、our favorite young readers!（NYRB儿童读书俱乐部将是您最喜欢的年轻读者的完美礼物!广及下文的阅读年龄可知，这些 书适合小孩子阅读。应选B。18 .细节理解题。根据文章Heroes中的“Age: 8-14（年龄：8 - 14）”可知,英雄类的数适合8 -据岁的孩子。应选Do.细节理解题。根据文章 Early Chapter Books 中的“Fee: $82, 95 with fteeUS shipping （费用：$ 82,95 与美 国免运费）”并比照其它三类书的价格可知，Early Chapter Books的书最贵。应选C。77 had been readi
30、ng under moonlight! This Keep It Simple lamp spread sunshine all across the room.-Jean KaujfmanKeep It SimpleMy light has combined classic lamp design with an advanced light source. The combination provides more light for reading or any other task.You need: Up to 300 footcandles fbr reading but your
31、e getting only 30-50 footcandles. A quality of light better for older eyes. Less glare in the field that you can see.The first light source designed for lampsThis new lighting solution will send off up to 10 times light than the single bulb you are now using-for only 32 watts!Its LED bulb group may
32、appear to be “upside down but the four bulbs spread of light is actually down andout, perfect for task light.Seeing is believing100% risk free trial and a promise that the lamp you buy will be replaced or repaired without paying any money if it goes wrong within three years.Take advantage of our 30
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34、rce.20. What makes Keep It Simple lamp perfect for our reading?A. The amount of light.B. Its design and light source.C. The upside-down bulbs.D. The strong and comfortable light.21. How much should you pay for a Keep It Simple lamp now?A.$375.B. $395.C. $99.D. $276.22. Where can the text probably be
35、 found?A. In a novel.B. In a report.C. In a magazine.D. In a history book.【答案】BAC【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一种名为Keep It Simple的灯，这种灯因为设计和光源更加适合 阅读，介绍了其价格和优惠政策等信息。20 .细节理解题。根据 Keep It Simple 局部中“My light has combined classic lamp design with an advanced light source. The combination provides more light for r
36、eading or any other task.（我的灯具结合了 经典的灯具设计和先 进的光源。这种结合为阅读或其他任务提供了更多的光线厂可知，设计和光源让Keep It Simple灯最适合我 们的阅读。应选B。21 .细节理解题。根据 Seeing is believing 局部中“Now only $375 with FREE SHIPPING（现在只要 375 美元， 免运费）”可知，现在买一个Keep It Simple灯需要375美元。应选A。22 .推理判断题。根据第一段My light has combined classic lamp design with an adva
37、nced light source. The combination provides more light for reading or any other task.（我的灯具结合了经典的灯具设计和先进的光源。 这种结合为阅读或其他任务提供了更多的光线）”结合文章主要介绍了一种名为Keep It Simple的灯，这种灯 因为设计和光源更加适合阅读，介绍了其价格和优惠政策等信息。可推知，文章可能选自一本杂志。应选C。8LIPITOR Atorvastatin Calcium Tablets自化rvas左？WHO IS LIPITOR FOR?Who can take LIPITOR: Pe
38、ople who cannot lower their cholesterol （月旦固醇）enough with diet and exerciseAdults and children over 10Who should NOT take LIPITOR: Women who are pregnant, may be pregnant, or may become pregnant. LIPITOR may harm your unborn baby. If you become pregnant, stop LIPITOR and call your doctor right awayW
39、omen who are breast-feeding. LIPITOR can pass into your breast milk and may harm your baby People with liver problems or allergic （过敏的）to anything in LIPITORHOW TO TAKE LIPITORDo: Take LIPITOR at any time of day, with or without foodIf you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. But if it has
40、been more than 12 hours since your missed dose, wait. Take the next dose at your regular timeDont: Do not change or stop your dose before talking to your doctorDo not give your LIPITOR to other people. It may harm them even if your problems are the samePOSSIBLE SIDE EFFECTS OF LIPITORSerious side ef
41、fects in a small number of people: Muscle problems that can lead to kidney problems, including kidney failure. Your chance for muscle problem is higher if you take certain other medicines with LIPITORLiver problems. Your doctor may do blood tests to check your liver before you start LIPITOR and whil
42、e you are taking itCall your doctor right away if you have: Unexplained muscle weakness or pain, especially if you have a fever or feel very tiredAllergic reactions including swelling （肿胀）of the face, lips, tongue, and/or throat that may cause difficulty in breathing or swallowing which may require
43、treatment right away Nausea, vomiting （呕吐）or stomach painFeeling more tired than usual Your skin and whites of your eyes turn yellowAllergic skin reactionsCommon side effects of LIPITOR are: Diarrhea （腹泻）Muscle and joint pain Upset stomachChanges in some blood testsNEED MORE INFORMATION? Ask your do
44、ctor or health care providerGo to If was a horrible Feeing： I uas having a heart attack. Wotj Im exercising watching my dietx and trust my heart toLIPITOR is a medicineA. specially designed for young kidsB. to cure serious liver problemsC. that can lower the risk for heart attackC. that can lower th
45、e risk for heart attackD. for mothers-to-be to lower cholesterolWhich of the following is most likely to be a bad sign for LIPITOR takers?A. Drinking alcohol twice a day.B. Changes in medical tests.C. Discomfort and ache in muscles.D. Feeling tired after a days work.23. Which of the following statem
46、ents is TRUE according to the text?A. LIPITOR should never be taken with other food at the same time.B. Skipping is the best choice for those who have missed one dose.C. Recommendation is encouraged if one feels LIPITOR to be good.D. People can consult the professionals for details of the medicine.【
47、答案】CCD【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了 LIPITOR这种药的药效，适用人群，以及禁忌。23 .细节理解题。根据最后一段图片标注的文字，“我正在患心脏病,现在我正在锻炼，注意我的饮食，把我的 心交给Lipitor”可知，LIPITOR是一种降低心脏病发作风险的药。应选C项。24 .推理判断题。根据 POSSIBLE SIDE EFFECTS OF LIPITOR 这一段，提到的“Unexplained muscle weakness or pain,”可知，其副作用有无法解释的肌肉无力或疼痛，C项是肌肉不舒服或疼痛，符合题意。 应选C项。25 .细节理解题。根据 NEED MORE
48、 INFORMATION?这块内容“Ask your doctor or health care provider”可知，人们可以向专业人士咨询药物的细节。应选D项。考生对所读材料中心思想的概括.其考查形式有很多，如概括标题、主题、中心思想等。（4）词义猜想题， 即要求考生根据一定的上下文猜想生词的词义。二、广告类阅读题命题方法与趋势1 .材料特点：大家知道，刊登广告是要钱的，为了节省费用，人们在拟写广告时往往都希望用最少的 篇幅表现最大量的信息，这就决定了广告类材料通常具有以下特点：信息量大，用词简练，形式灵活。2 .内容特点：综观近几年的高考英语阅读理解题，其中广告类阅读题内容主要涉及的是与人们生活息 息相关的信息，如产品宣传、服务介绍、招生招聘等。3 .形式特点：做广告的主要目的就是要让受众了解并记住广告的内容，并为广告上所刊登的内容（产品 或服务等）买单。为了到达这一目的，人们在设计广告时往往会做到：标题醒目，重点突