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1、人教版初中英语语法学习/复习微专题(九年级/中考通用)专题七 动词时态:过去完成时考点总结和其余时态拓展(含练习与解析)全国通用 常青藤实验中学 初中英语教研组整理19.过去完成时(1)过去完成时的形式had+过去分词(2)过去完成时的用法(a)在过去某时之前完成或在过去另一动作之前所完成的动作She had learned English before she came to England.她在来英国以前已学过英文了。(b)表示过去某时之前的动作,已经延续了一段时间,常与for, since连用He had been ill for a week when he was sent to t
2、he hospital.当他被送进医院就医的时候,已经病了一个星期了。(c)表示过去未曾实现的希望或计划。常用的动词有hope,expect, suppose, intend, mean, think, want, plan, imagine等I had hoped to pass the examination我曾希望能通过考试。(可是未通过)I had meant to help you, but l was too busy at the moment.我本想帮你的,但当时确实太忙了巧记:巧记“withspem”有些动词用过去完成时,常表示“想做而未做”的意思。可巧记其首字母组成的“wi
3、thspem”think, hope, suppose, plan, expect, mean(d)no soonerthan, hardlywhen(before), scarely when(before)等结构中常用过去完成时,当no sooner等用在句首时用部分倒装语序。No sooner had he reached home than it began to rain.=Hardly had he reached home when it began to rain.=Scarcely had he reached home when it began to rain.他刚到家,
4、天就开始下雨。(e)That/It was the first/secondthat+ that 从句。That从句谓语要用过去完成时That was the first time that he had passed the exam那是他第一次考试及格。20.过去完成时用法三注意(1)叙述历史时间时,不用过去完成时,只用一般过去时Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.老师告诉我们,哥伦布于1492年发现了美洲。(2)在含有before或after引导的状语从句的句子中,因before和after已表示出时间
5、先后,所以可用一般过去时来代替过去完成时,用过去完成时强调动作早已完成比较:The train started just before I reached the station.我到火车站时,火车刚开走。The train had gone when I arrived at the station.当我到达车站时,火车早已开走。(3)常与过去完成时连用的时间状语有by the end of last week到上周末为止by that time到那时为止before that year那年以前long before很久以前注意:过去完成时与现在完成时都常与表示一段时间的状语连用,如for
6、a week,for two years,for a long time等,但现在完或时表示的是延续到现在或与现在有关的动作(句中不可有表示过去特定时间的状语),而过去完成时表示的是在过去某时之前已经完成或延续到过去某时的动作(句中有表示过去特定时间的状语)。如:She had been ill for a week before she came back.她在回来之前就病了一个星期了。She has been ill for a week她生病一个星期了。21.将来完成时【拓展】(1)将来完成时的形式(a)第一人称、hall八vll have done(b)第二、三人称、vii! have
7、 ctfinc(2)将来完成时的用法(a)表示将来某时之前或将来某动作发生之前已经完成的动作By seven oclock this afternoon we shall have got to Shanghai if the train works well.如果火车运行正常,我们今天下午7点就到上海了。(b)叙述某事继续到将来某时已经有一段时间了We shall have lived here for five years by next March-到明年3月我们将在此住5年了。注意:在下列句型中的时态应用:By the end of last term we had learned o
8、ver 3,000 English words.到上个学期末,我们已学会了3 000多个英语单词。By the end of next term we will have learned over 3,000 English words.到下学期末,我们将学会3 000多个英语单词。22.过去将来时【拓展】(1)过去将来时的形式(a)should或would+动词原形(b)was/were going to do(c)was/were (about) to do(2)过去将来时的用法(a)过去将来时表示过去某一时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态I told him l would see him
9、off at the station.我告诉他,我会到车站去为他送行。注意:过去将来时一般只用于宾语从句中。He told me that I should succeed.他说我会成功。He said he would go to Shanghai for the holiday.他说他要到上海度假。(b)was/were going to do 的用法a.表示过去曾经打算或准备要做的动作。They were going to have a meeting.他们曾经打算开个会。b.表示过去将要发生的或很有可能发生的动作。I thought it was going to rain.那时我以为
10、要下雨了。(c)was/were(about) to do sth.表示即将或正要做某事I was about to go out when a friend dropped in.我刚要出去,这时来了一个朋友。23.现在完成进行时【拓展】(1)其结构由“have/has been+现在分词”构成,表示从过去某时开始一直延续到现在的动作,可能刚刚停止,也可能还在继续进行。对现在有一定的影响For forty years Jane Goodall has been helping the rest of the world understand and respect the life of t
11、hese animals. 40年来,简古道尔一直帮助世人了解并尊重这些动物的生活。(2)重复的动作表示感情色彩。有时候,现在完成进行时不是指某动作一直在不停地进行,而是表示一直到说话时为止的一段时间内一再重复的动作,常带有感情色彩Shes been saying that twenty times.那话她已经说了20遍了。(3)现在完成进行时和现在完成时的区别现在完成进行时和现在完成时均可表示“从过去开始一直持续到现在”的动作。现在完成时表示动作已完成,侧重于结果;现在完成进行时表示动作的完成且强调动作的持续性。比较:I have read the book.我读过这本书。I have be
12、en reading the book.我一直在读这本书。综合训练(中考难度):1The CEO said AI, as an important part of the computer field, _(appear) in every corner in the coming 5G times.2The rain came to a stop last night. Yes, it _ (rain) for nearly a week.3Dick _ (do) the work these days.4Get up early, and you_(catch) the early bus
13、.5Dont pay too much attention to the marks, or you_(feel)stressed.答案解析:1would appear【详解】句意:这位首席执行官表示,人工智能作为计算机领域的重要组成部分,将在未来的5G时代出现在每个角落。根据“The CEO said”及“in the coming 5G times”可知,表示从过去某时看将来要发生的动作,是过去将来时,结构是would do。故填would appear。2had rained【详解】句意:雨昨晚停了。是的,下了将近一个星期的雨。根据“The rain came to a stop las
14、t night”和“for nearly a week”可知,下雨的动作发生在过去的过去,且已完成,所以应用过去完成时,结构为had done,rain的过去分词是rained;故填had rained。3has been doing【详解】句意:迪克这几天一直在做这项工作。根据时间状语“these days”可知,这里用现在完成进行时,其结构是have/has been doing的形式。主语是Dick,此处助动词用has,do the work“做工作”。故填has been doing。4will catch【详解】句意:早点起床,你就能赶上早班车。根据句意可知,这是还未发生的事情,故用一般将来时,故填will catch.5will feel【详解】句意:不要太在乎分数,否则你会有压力的。根据句意可知,这里表示“将会感觉有压力”故用一般将来时,故填will feel.学科网(北京)股份有限公司学科网(北京)股份有限公司