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1、关于羧酸羧酸衍生物关于羧酸羧酸衍生物和取代羧酸和取代羧酸现在学习的是第1页,共71页l 熟悉羧酸、羧酸衍生物及取代羧酸的分类与熟悉羧酸、羧酸衍生物及取代羧酸的分类与命名规则;命名规则;l掌握羧酸、羧酸衍生物及取代羧酸的主要掌握羧酸、羧酸衍生物及取代羧酸的主要理化性质及其在有机合成和分离鉴别中的理化性质及其在有机合成和分离鉴别中的应用。应用。现在学习的是第2页,共71页现在学习的是第3页,共71页H3CCOOHH3CCOOHCH3H3CCOOHCH3COOHH3CNH2H3CCOOH现在学习的是第4页,共71页COOHCOOHCOOHCOOHCOOHCOOHCOOHCOOH现在学习的是第5页,共
2、71页CH3CHOCH3CH2OHHCOOHCOOHOCOHRRR OHORH氢键更牢固氢键更牢固(氢键缔合成二聚体氢键缔合成二聚体)比比现在学习的是第6页,共71页-COOHCOOHHROHHOHOHH现在学习的是第7页,共71页现在学习的是第8页,共71页RCCOOHR1HO-H键断裂,酸性H上反应(烃基上的反应)酰氧键断裂(二)化学性质(二)化学性质现在学习的是第9页,共71页RCOOHHXHCN现在学习的是第10页,共71页RCOOHRCOO-+H+现在学习的是第11页,共71页R COOH+NaHCO3R COONa+CO2R COOH H2CO3 C6H5OHNaHCO3C6H5O
3、HC6H5COOHEt2OC6H5OHC6H5COONaHClC6H5COOH现在学习的是第12页,共71页HCOOHCH3COOHCH3COOH(CH3)3C-COOH(2)-ICH3COOHH2C COOHClCHCOOHClClCCOOHClClClFClBrI(1)+I现在学习的是第13页,共71页CHCOOHClCH2CH3CH2COOHCHCH3ClCH2COOHCH2H2CClCOOHCOOHCOOHCOOHCOOHCOOH 现在学习的是第14页,共71页COOHCH3COOHCOOHNO2现在学习的是第15页,共71页ROROOH+PCl3PBr3SOCl2ROClROBrRO
4、Cl现在学习的是第16页,共71页ROHO+ROHOP2O5RROOO+H2OH3COHO+H3COHOP2O5H3CH3COOO+H2O现在学习的是第17页,共71页OOO+H2OCOOHCOOH+H2OCOOHCOOHOOO现在学习的是第18页,共71页OOO+H2OCOOHCOOHCOOHCOOHCOOHCOOH现在学习的是第19页,共71页COROH+H OR1H+CORO R1+H2OCOROHCORO NH4-H2ONH3CORNH2现在学习的是第20页,共71页RCOONaNaOH-CaORH+Na2CO3COOHCOOHHCOOH+CO2COOHH2CCOOHCH3COOH+C
5、O2RCOOH现在学习的是第21页,共71页CH2COOHCH2COOHH2CH2CCOCOO+H2OCH2COOHH2CCH2COOHOOO+H2O现在学习的是第22页,共71页CH2CH2COOHCH2CH2COOHCH2CH2CH2COOHCH2CH2COOHO+H2O +CO2脱羧脱水 O+H2O +CO2CH2CH2COOHCH2CH2COOHCH2CH2CH2COOHCH2CH2COOHO+H2O +CO2脱羧脱水 O+H2O +CO2现在学习的是第23页,共71页CH3CH2CHCOOHCOOHCH3CH2CH2COOH+CO2COOHCOOHOOO现在学习的是第24页,共71页
6、(A)(B)(C)KMnO4/H+退色不反应(A)(B)(C)无水硫酸铜加热显色无变化(B)(C)如何鉴别:如何鉴别:乙二酸(乙二酸(A A)丙二酸(丙二酸(B B)丁二酸(丁二酸(C C)参考答案:参考答案:现在学习的是第25页,共71页CH3COOHPCl2H2C COOHClCCl3COOHPCl2PCl2H3CCOOHH3CCOOHOHH3CCOOHClCl2,PNaOH,H2O现在学习的是第26页,共71页CH3CHCOOHClCH3CHCOOHOHNaOH/H2ONaOH/ROHCH2=CHCOOHNH3CH3CHCOOHNH2NaCNCH3CHCOOHCNCH3CHCOOHCOO
7、HH3O+现在学习的是第27页,共71页OHClClOClClCH2COOHCH3COOHOHClClOClClCH2COOHCH3COOHPCl2ClCH2COOHNaOHONaClCl(1)现在学习的是第28页,共71页PCl2OH3+(2)CH2COOH?HOOCCOOHCHCOOHClNaCNCHCOOHCN现在学习的是第29页,共71页LiAlH4OH3+R CH2OHLiAlH4OH3+CH2=CHCH2COOH(1)(2)CH2=CHCH2CH2OHNiR COOHH2不反应不反应现在学习的是第30页,共71页KMnO4COOHCOOHH+CO2+Mn2+H2OCHOOHCO2+
8、OH2KMnO4Na2CO3+Cu2O现在学习的是第31页,共71页HCOOHHHOOCHCOOHCOOHH现在学习的是第32页,共71页5.水杨酸水杨酸阿司匹林(阿司匹林(Aspirin)COOHOHCOOHOCOCH3乙酰水杨酸乙酰水杨酸现在学习的是第33页,共71页COOHCOOHDHAEPA二十二碳六烯酸二十二碳六烯酸二十碳五烯酸二十碳五烯酸现在学习的是第34页,共71页RONRRRClOROROOROOR1现在学习的是第35页,共71页COClCH3OClBrOCH3CH3CH3CHCH3COClCH3COClCH3COClCOCl现在学习的是第36页,共71页OOCH3OOCH3C
9、HCOOCH(CH3)2CH3OOOO现在学习的是第37页,共71页CH3COCH3COOCH3COCH2COOCH3OOOOOOOOO现在学习的是第38页,共71页H3CNH2OH5C6ONCH3CH3NH2OCH3H3CNHOCH3H3CNOCH3CH3现在学习的是第39页,共71页ROLENuRONu+E-L现在学习的是第40页,共71页现在学习的是第41页,共71页RClOROOROOR1OR2+H OHRCOOH+HClR1COOHR2OH 现在学习的是第42页,共71页RClOROOROOR1OR2+H OR3RCOOR3+HClR1COOHR2OH现在学习的是第43页,共71页+
10、CH3COOCH3HOCH3CH3H+OCH3CH3OH3C+CH3OH现在学习的是第44页,共71页RClOROOROOR1OR2+H NH2RCONH2+NH4ClR1COONH4R2OH现在学习的是第45页,共71页H3CClOH NH+CH3H3CNHCH3OH3COOCH3O+NHCH3CH3H3CNOCH3CH3现在学习的是第46页,共71页LiAlH4OH3+CH3CH2COOC2H5CH3CH2CH2OH+C2H5OHRCOO R1Na+EtOHRCH2OH+R1OHLiAlH4OH3+现在学习的是第47页,共71页COClCOCl+2HOC2H5?COOC2H5COOC2H5
11、?OO+OH2NaOHCOONaOH?OOO+HOC2H5COOHOOC2H5现在学习的是第48页,共71页-H3COOC2H5+H2COOC2H5HC2H5ONaH3CCH2OCOOC2H5现在学习的是第49页,共71页CH3COCH2COOC2H5CH3COCH2COOC2H5CH3COHCH COOC2H5现在学习的是第50页,共71页CH3COHCH COCH3CH3COCH2COCH3R COHCH CORR COCH2CORR COHCH COORR COCH2COOR现在学习的是第51页,共71页COCH2COCH3COHCH COCH3FeCl3OOOO现在学习的是第52页,共
12、71页CH3COCH2CH2CH3CH3CH2COCH2CH3CH3COCH2COCH3(A)(B)(C)(A)(B)(C)FeCl3显色不反应(C)(A)(B)I2/NaOH不反应有沉淀(A)(B)现在学习的是第53页,共71页H3COOOCH3EtONaH3COOOCH3H3COOOCH3R-XRRXOH3COOOCH3COR现在学习的是第54页,共71页H3COOOCH3R稀碱/加热H3CORH3COOOCH3R浓碱/加热OOR现在学习的是第55页,共71页H3COOOCH3EtONa CH3CH2BrH3COOOCH3C2H5稀碱/加热H3COC2H5浓碱/加热OHOC2H5现在学习的
13、是第56页,共71页CH3CH COOHOHCOOHHCCH2COOHOHCOOHHCHCCOOHOHOHCH2CCOOHH2CCOOHCOOHOH现在学习的是第57页,共71页COOHO COCH3COOHHOOHOHCOOHOH现在学习的是第58页,共71页H3COHOHOHOOCH3HOOOH3CCH3OOCHRCOOHOHRCH2COOH现在学习的是第59页,共71页CHCH2COOHCH3OHCHCH COOHCH3COOHH2CCHCOOHOHCOOHHHOOCH现在学习的是第60页,共71页OHOOHOOOHOOHOO现在学习的是第61页,共71页OHCOOH?COOH?CH3C
14、OOHOHOOCH3 现在学习的是第62页,共71页RHCCOOHOHKMnO4H+RCCOOHOCH3CHCOOHOHAg(NH3)2NO3Ag(NH3)2NO3CH3CHCH2COOHOHAg(NH3)2NO3CH3COCOOH+Ag现在学习的是第63页,共71页CHOCOOHCCH2HOCOOH现在学习的是第64页,共71页CCOOHCH3OCCH2CH3OCOOHCCH2CH3OCH2COOHCCH2HOOCOCOOH现在学习的是第65页,共71页CCOOHCH3OH2SO4CH3CHO+CO2稀CCH2CH3OCOOHCH3CCH3O+CO2微热现在学习的是第66页,共71页OOCOOHCOCH2CH2COOHCOOHCOCH2CH2COOH现在学习的是第67页,共71页CH3COOHCH3CH COOHOHCH3CCOOHOKMnO4H+CH3CHOKMnO4H+H2NiCH3CH2OH现在学习的是第68页,共71页HOOC-COOHCCOOHHOAg(NH3)2NO3Ag(NH3)2NO3CH3COOHCCOOHCH3OH2SO4CH3CHO+CO2稀现在学习的是第69页,共71页CH3CCOOHOH2/NiCH3CHCOOHOH2)H3O+1)LiAlH4CH3CHCH2OHOH现在学习的是第70页,共71页感谢大家观看感谢大家观看现在学习的是第71页,共71页