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1、-2020年上海高考英语一模-静安区-第 14 页 静安区2019学年第一学期教学质量检测 高三年级英语 . Grammar and Vocabulary Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;
2、for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. How Do Avalanches Happen If youre ever skiing in the mountains, youll want to be aware of avalanches. An avalanche is a sudden flow of snow down a slope, such as a mountain. The amount of snow in an avalanche (21) _ (vary) based on many t
3、hings, but it can be such a huge amount that it can bury the bottom of a slope in dozens of feet of snow. Avalanches (22) _ be caused by natural things. For example, new snow or rain can cause built-up snow to loosen and fall down the side of a mountain. Artificial triggers（诱发因素）can also cause avala
4、nches. For example, snowmobiles, skiers, and explosives (23) _ (know) to lead to avalanches. Avalanches usually occur during the winter and spring, (24) _ snowfall is greatest. As they are dangerous to any living beings in their path, avalanches have destroyed forests, roads, railroads and even enti
5、re towns. Warning signs exist that allow experts to predict - and often prevent - avalanches from (25) _ _ (occur). When over a foot of fresh snow falls, experts know to be on the lookout for avalanches. Explosives can be used in places (26) _ massive snow buildups to trigger much smaller avalanches
6、 that dont pose a danger to persons or property. When deadly avalanches do occur, the moving snow can quickly reach over 80 miles per hour. Skiers caught in such avalanches can be buried under dozens of feet of snow. (27) _ its possible to dig out of such avalanches, not all are able to escape. If y
7、ou get tossed about by an avalanche and find yourself (28) _ (bury) under many feet of snow, you might not have a true sense of which way is up and which way is down. Some avalanche victims have tried to dig their way out, only to find that they were upside down and digging (29) _ farther under the
8、snow rather than to the top! Experts suggest that people caught in an avalanche try to dig around you (30) _ (create) a space for air, so you can breathe more easily. Then, do your best to figure out which way is up and dig in that direction to reach the surface and signal rescuers. Section BDirecti
9、ons: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. secretly B. relevant C. agreement D. tested E. devotion F. advanced G. unlock H. revealed I. withdrawal J. separately K. unimaginable Founding Father
10、 of Chinas Nuclear Program Under the terms of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Tready（不扩散核武器条约）, only five countries are considered to be “nuclear - weapon states.” China is one of them. This military achievement would have been _31_ without the contribution of Deng Jiaxian, a leading organizer of Chin
11、as nuclear weapon programs. Deng went to the United States in 1948 for further study, and received a doctorate in physics two years later. Just nine days after graduation, the then 26-year-old returned to the newly - founded Peoples Republic of China with _32_ physics knowledge. He became a research
12、 fellow under the leadership of Qian Sanqiang and started his theoretical nuclear research in cooperation with Yu Min. From 1958 on, Deng spent over 20 years working _33_ with a team of young scientists on the development of Chinas first atomic and hydrogen bombs. Originally, they were prepared to r
13、eceive training by experts from the Soviet Union. Soon after, however, the Soviet government tore up its _34_ with China and removed all its experts. Deng had to lead the team of 28 members with an average age of 23 on a mission to _35_ the mysterious power of atomic physics. There was ridicule（嘲笑）f
14、ollowing the _36_ of the Soviet experts that China wouldnt be able to build an atomic bomb within 20 years. Deng said to his colleagues, “It is in the interest of the Chinese people to develop nuclear weapons. We must be willing to be unknown heroes for our lifetime. It is worth the risk of sufferin
15、g, and it is worth our _37_ to this cause.” As the leader of Chinas atomic bomb design, Deng gave lessons himself and organized a team to translate and study the _38_ foreign language materials. In the meantime, he never stopped thinking about the direction of atomic bomb development. Following the
16、successful test of the first atomic bomb in 1964, Deng joined the research group led by Yu Min. They immediately started the design of the hydrogen bomb, which was _39_ in 1967. From the first atomic bomb to the first hydrogen bomb, China spent only two years and eight months on development. Deng pa
17、ssed away in 1986 because of cancer. In the last month of his life, the 28-year secret experience of this great scientist was _40_, and his reputation began to spread throughout China. In 1999, along with 22 other scientists, he was awarded the special prize of “Two Bombs, One Satellite Meritorious
18、Medal” for his contribution to Chinese military science. . Reading Comprehension Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. In the Fake News Era, Building Tr
19、ust with Consumers Is Crucial With consumers growing increasingly frustrated with online advertising and privacy concerns, how to you convince shoppers to buy your narrative（叙述）, let alone your product? A recent report by Trust-Radius, a software review company that connects buyers and vendors（供应商）,
20、 may be able to shed some light. Among other interesting findings, it turns out that it may actually benefit brands to be painfully _41_ about their products. Consumer awareness of influencer marketing tactics（策略）is increasing. _42_, according to the report, most consumers trust online peer _43_ as
21、much as recommendations from friends - and well above company advertising message. Feedback from everyday folks, it seems, actually carries more _44_ than a brand ambassador（大使）from an out-of-reach personality. Transparency（透明度）is crucial The report found that there is a large trust _45_ between ven
22、dors and buyers. While vendors believe they are transparent, most buyers dont appear to see it. During the sales process, for example, 85 percent of vendors - _46_ to be open about their products limitations during the sales process - but only 36 percent of buyers share that same view. The reality i
23、s, consumers dont expect any products to be _47_ - they just want to enter relationships with their eyes wide open so that they can _48_ the options that are best for them. They also want brands to be more _49_. 66 percent of consumers say they will leave a company if they feel they are being treate
24、d like a number and not an individual. Along with the combination of take news, advertising fraud, and data leaks, there have been fake reviews as well. Review sites have been _50_ giving preferential（优惠的）treatment to paid advertisers, and consumers are increasingly discerning（有辨别力的）, as a result. _
25、51_, review sites are not our only source of peer reviews, with social media providing customer experiences on a second - to - second basis. When brands treat every _52_ with a customer as a potential review, theyll start paying more attention to detail, and being alert to delivering a valued and me
26、morable experience every time. Taking feedback seriously also lets current customers feel valued and respected and makes your business seem more approachable. This helps secure _53_, and often, these customers will become brand ambassadors to their friends, family and people they meet online. The ch
27、allenge for brands today is determining how to use the _54_ of the consumer to their advantage. In an age of cutting - edge technology, artificial intelligence, and self-service customer care, its odd to acknowledge that the best way to build trust with your customers is by holding an open _55_ with
28、 your customers. Being more human, transparent, and listening to what people are saying will see your company thrive in an era marked by consumer suspicion. 41. A. nervous B. honest C. careful D. particular 42. A. Instead B. Otherwise C. Moreover D. However 43. A. reviews B. reactions C. experiences
29、 D. instructions 44. A. weight B. risks C. warnings D. burdens 45. A. relationship B. influence C. gap D. extension 46. A. refuse B. hesitate C. desire D. claim 47. A. advanced B. perfect C. remarkable D. unique 48. A. consider B. offer C. select D. exercise 49. A. efficient B. profitable C. human D
30、. responsible 50. A. associated with B. mistaken by C. praised as D. criticized for 51. A. On the contrary B. In fact C. By contrast D. In a word 52. A. cooperation B. complaint C. interaction D. appointment53. A. safety B. loyalty C. convenience D. employment 54. A. money B. choice C. habit D. voic
31、e 55. A. dialogue B. debate C. competition D. contract Section BDirections: Read the following three passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the informati
32、on given in the passage you have just read. (A) As humanity has got richer, animals roles have changed. People need their services less than before. Fewer wolves and thieves meant less demand for dogs for protection; the internal combustion engine（内燃机）made horses unneeded; modern sanitation（卫生设备）kep
33、t rats in check and made cats less useful. No longer necessities, domestic animals became luxuries. Pet-keeping seems to kick in when household incomes rise above roughly $5,000. It is booming. The trend is not a new one. Archaeologists（考古学家）have found 10,000-year-old graves in which dogs and people
34、 are buried together. Some cultures - such as in Scandinavia, where dogs have long been both working dogs and companions - have kept pets for thousands of years. But these days the pet-keeping urge has spread even to parts of the world which have no tradition of sinking into a comfortable chair with
35、 a furry creature. The pet business is growing even faster than pet numbers, because people are spending more and more money on them. No longer are they food - waste - recyclers, fed with the remains that fall from their masters tables. Pet - food shelves are full of delicacies crafted to satisfy a
36、range of appetites, including ice cream for dogs and foods for pets that are old, diabetic or suffer from sensitive digestion; a number of internet services offer food, tailored to the pets individual tastes. In the business this is called “pet humanisation” - the tendency of pet owners to treat the
37、ir pets as part of the family. This is evident in the names given to dogs, which have evolved from Fido, Rex and Spot to - in America - Bella, Lucy and Max. It is evident in the growing market for pet clothing, pet grooming and pet hotels. People still assume that pets must be working for humanity i
38、n some way, perhaps making people healthier or less anxious. But the evidence for that is weak. Rather, new research suggests that dogs have evolved those irresistible “puppy - dog eyes” precisely to affect human emotions. It has worked. The species that once enslaved others now works very hard to p
39、ay for the care of its pets. Sentimental（多愁善感的）Americans often refer to themselves not as cat-owners but as the cats “mommy” or “daddy”. South Koreans go one further, describing themselves as cat “butlers”. Watch an unlucky dog-walker trailing “his” hound（猎犬）, plastic bag in hand to pick up its mess
40、, and you have to wonder: whos in charge now?56. Which of the following trends is NOT TRUE according to the passage?A. Peoples needs for animal services are decreasing. B. Both the pet number and the pet business are growing. C. Pets are increasingly making their owners less anxious. D. Pet foods ar
41、e more various and customized than before. 57. Which of the following is referred to as evidence of “pet humanization?”A. The names given to pets in American families nowadays. B. Pets inbuilt ability to affect emotions of their owners. C. Human beings ever rising urge for pet-keeping. D. Pets roles
42、 as both working staff and companions. 58. Which of the following statements is the author most likely to agree with?A. Pets should be treated as equals of their human masters. B. Human beings are getting much benefit from their pets. C. Pet-keeping is still restricted within certain parts of the wo
43、rld. D. Some pet owners spend too much money on their pets. 59. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. The Changing Roles of Animals B. The Urge for Pet-keeping C. Who Owns Whom D. Love Me, Love My Dog(B)Depression hurts, Prozac can help Depression isnt just feeling down. I
44、ts a real illness with real causes. Depression can be triggered by stressful life events, like divorce or a death in the family. Or it can appear suddenly, for no apparent reason. Some people think you can just will yourself out of a depression. Thats not true. Many doctors believe that one thing th
45、at may cause depression is an imbalance of serotonin - a chemical in your body. If this happens, you may have trouble sleeping. Feel unusually sad or irritable easily. Find it hard to concentrate. Lose your appetite. Lack energy. Or have trouble feeling pleasure. These are some of the symptoms that
46、can point to depression - especially if they last for more than a couple of weeks and if normal, everyday life feels like to much to handle. To help fight depression, the medicine doctors now prescribe（开处方）most often is Prozac. Prozac isnt a “happy pill”. Its not a tranquilizer（镇静剂）. It wont turn you into a different person. Some people do e