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1、-高考英语短文改错解题技巧1-第 5 页高考英语短文改错解题技巧设错基本原则绝大多数情况下，短文改错题设错为：多一个词(约1题)、少一个词(约1题)、错一个词(约8题)。常见错误类型1. 谓语动词的错误是历年考试的重点和热点，常见动词错误类型有： 现在时与过去时混用； and前后动词时态不一致； 主谓不一致； 缺少谓语动词，特别是be动词； 第三人称单数形式错用； 主动语态和被动语态错用。1) They did not want me to do any work at home; they want me to devote all my time to my studies. (did改为
2、do，错误类型属于)2) As we climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories. (visiting改为visited错误类型属于)3) One evening she told me that something happened when her parents was out. (主谓不一致)4) There will an important game next month. (will后加be)5) For the most part, students working to ear
3、n money for their own use. (缺谓语动词)6) But the most wonderful thing about Jack were his musical ability. (主语是第三人称单数)讲练结合时态错误主从句时态的不一致，或某一时态与文章主体时态不一致1. I knew that they will be worried about me because I was so far away. (12浙江)2. Yet it seemed water is becoming less and less. (12全国II)3. You always hel
4、d me in your arms and told me stories till I fall asleep. (12渝)4. My father and I stayed at the South Lake Hotel for a week when I visit Beijing last month. 5. Thank you for all you had done for me. (12川)6. When I tear apart my fifth birthday toy train, my father said, Thats it. No more toys for you
5、. 7. She said it was the best gift she has ever had. (10全国II)8. My teachers have been telling me how great my writing was. So if what they had said was true, I would have a chance of winning the prize. (10全国I)9. We became friends shortly after we meet each other. (11渝)10. At that time, we often spen
6、d time together. (10全国II)11. Friends are those you like and trust, and you will enjoy every minute you spent with them. 12. Our food arrived with a note. It reads, “Your lunch has been paid for. ” (12浙样题)13. One day in the restaurant where I worked, I am serving a table of four. (09辽)14. She knows w
7、hat had happened, thanked me and never mentioned it again. (11年浙)15. My sister saw a lovely cup when we are shopping the other day. (10陕)主谓不一致1. Now my friend Ann, together with me, are going to do field study. (12渝)2. What I liked best were the free high-speed Internet connection in the room. (12陕)
8、3. After hearing your sad stories, he will say some words that is nice and warm. (10渝)4. What were better, I had useful help. (10全国I卷)5. Earning their own money allow them to spend on anything if they like.2. 名词的常见错误单复数名词错用；注意区分名词是可数还是不可数；或根据名词前的修饰语或谓语动词的单复数来判断。 Ill get good marks in all my subject.
9、 (subject改为subjects) Their word were a great encouragement to me. (word 改为words) Without enough knowledges, you can never teach well. (knowledges改为knowledge)讲练结合可数名词单数前未加a / an1. I still remember when I was child, you always held me in your arms. (12渝)2. It is such great hotel that I would recommend
10、 it to any friends of mine. (12陕)3. There was Uncle Chen, gentleman living near my house, who was very famous writer. 4. Besides, a friend is always good listener when you need one. (10重庆)5. If youd like to make trip to our city some day, I will be more than happy to be your guide.6. My friend Nick
11、told me story about his experience back in US. (10全国)7. .and after that I would go to Xiamen for holiday. (10浙)8. My brother and I thought we would give ourselves a treat at restaurant. (12浙样题)9. I noticed Mother looking at a nearby table occupied by an elderly woman and young couple. 名词复数误用成单数形式1.
12、I needed to stay in a hospital for at least two week. (12浙江)2. The food was wonderful with reasonable price and we enjoyed several local dish. (12陕)3. You told me the name of different plants and their characteristics. (12渝)4. We, as well as animal, cannot live without water. (12全国II)5. I destroyed
13、each of my toy. (12琼)6. Mom, I know I have never expressed my thank to you before. (12川)7. Christie was one of my best friend at high school. (10全国II)8. I came across a crew making a new film with one of my favourite actor. (11陕)9. Li Mings parents invited me to spend two wonderful week in Qingdao.1
14、0. They take him lots of book and fresh fruit. (09陕)11. There are two girls here from my course and I plan to make friend with them. (09琼)12. Although her English is a little hard to understand, we enjoy chatting and we usually talk a lot about our own family. (11渝)不可数名词误用成复数形式1. He agreed to read m
15、y story and give me some advices on how to write like a real writer. 2. It felt very strange to travel without any luggages. (11全国新课标)3. While waiting for our food, we emptied all our small changes from our wallets on the table and counted it out. (12浙样题)4. Tom was having much troubles getting up in
16、 the morning and was always late for work. (11川)3. 连词错误连词包括关系代词、副词，并列连词and/or/but/so/for/nor等(一般考查从句关系who/whom/whose/what/which/how/why/when/where/if/whether ) I have a good friend whos name is Liu Mei. (错用了who的所有格形式，改为whose) I teach them, play with them, but watch them growing up. (此处应是并列关系而非转折，but
17、改为and) Clever as she is, but she works very hard. (as意为“尽管”，不能再跟but连用，所以去掉but)讲练结合从属连词逻辑关系错误1. I have been missing you very much after I went to college a year ago. (12全国新课标)2. I think, we should first go all out to plant trees though trees will help save water. (12全国II)3. Whenever I am, I will alwa
18、ys love you. (12川)4. Its been a week after we left your family and we are now back home. (11全国)5. But then a week after the trip, she suddenly announced that they wouldnt take the holiday. 并列连词and/but/or/so/for等逻辑关系颠倒1. I called my parents, so I did not tell them what had happened. (2012浙江)2. It is
19、in the downtown areas, but it is easy to go to anywhere from the hotel by public transport. (2012陕西)3. His boss wanted to fire him if he didnt start coming on time, but he went to the doctor for a help. (2011四川)4. I didnt have my camera with me at that, but I rushed back home to get it. (2011陕西)5. L
20、ast year I was ill, but had to stay in hospital for a week. (2007琼)4. 冠词错误误用或漏用a和an；误用a/an和the(固定搭配，或泛指、特指；多余的冠词或少冠词) We may be one family and live under a same roof. (a改为the，the same是固定搭配) As everyone knows, its famous mountain with all kinds of pants. (mountain是可数名词需用冠词，所以加a ) I hope you have plea
21、sant journey. (journey是可数名词需用冠词)5. 形容词和副词错误1) 系动词后用形容词(be/am/is/are/was/were/become/go/感官系动词smell/feel)2) 词性的误用：形容词修饰名词；副词修饰动词、形容词。 Im sure well have a wonderfully time together. (time是名词，要用形容词wonderful修饰) My pronunciation was terribly. (was后用形容词，terribly改为terrible.)讲练结合形容词和副词用法错位形容词误作状语；副词误作定语、表语或宾
22、补1. Unfortunate, I had an accident and hit another car, and I needed to stay in a hospital for at least two weeks. (12浙江)2. We lived in a comfortably double room with a big bath. (12陕)3. Whenever I think of the old days, I feel very happily. (12渝)4. Still, your happiness makes him happily too. (10渝)
23、5. Li Ming and I loved walking along the wonderfully beach. (07琼)6. Everyone else seems very nice and warmly here. (09琼)7. Nang is a specially kind of cake in Xinjiang. (11全国I卷,)8. It was a wonderfully surprise as nothing like that had happened to us. (12浙样题)9. She was, in fact, rather attractively,
24、 and she never seemed to care what the rest of us thought about her. (10辽)10. He had time for a properly breakfast and was still the first reach the factory. (11川)11. They ate silently, and it was clearly that things were not going well. (10浙)6. 代词错误1) 代词的主格和宾格(I/me; He/him; She/her; We/us; They/the
25、m )2) 反身代词(myself/yourself/himself/herself/themselves/ourselves)3) 代词的单数和复数4) 多余的代词和少代词 Soon I began to enjoy talking to myself on paper as I was learning to express me in simple English. (express oneself, me 改为myself ) One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher. (加it) If any one of us
26、had any difficulty in our life and study, the other would help him out. (others) Whats more, you have to be friends with your pupils and take good care of him. (them)讲练结合主格与宾格混淆1. After our final examinations, my brother and me thought we would give ourselves a treat at a restaurant. (12浙样题)2. Three
27、 years ago, Li Mings parents invited I to spend two weeks in Qingdao. (07琼)3. I said, “That was very nice of you, Mother. But I didnt think she looked like Grandma.” “Neither did me.” said Mother cheerfully. (10浙)指代前后不一致1. Many countries in the world find we dont have enough water. (12全国II)2. I knew
28、 that they would be worried about myself because I was so far away. (12浙江)3. I was happy when the toys worked, but when things went wrong, I got angry and broke it. 4. Nang is a special kind of cake in Xinjiang. I like them very much. (11全国I )5. The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.6. Tha
29、nk you for showing them around your city and providing us with the wonderful meals. 7. And after many years, she passed her driving test and told her husband that he was going to drive him over to France for a holiday. (10川)8. The doctor gave him some medicine and told him to take them before he wen
30、t to bed. (11川)9. As she did this ,lots of tea splashed on his T shirt! (10陕)10. I was about to answer him when I noticed that the last plate on the tray began to fall. They fell noisily to the floor. (09辽)7. 非谓语动词错误1) 不定式，动名词作主语，宾语。2) and连接的不定式或动名词前后一致(尤其距离较远时)，3) 介词后用动名词ving形式作宾语。4) 某些动词后要求接动名词或不定
31、式。5) 现在分词与过去分词混淆。 Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was. (enjoy后需接动名词talk-talking) But his parents think go to college is more important than playing sports. (作主语改为going ) Children may not develop the habit of read and the ability to enjoy themselves. (介词后用动名词Ving形式作宾语) I particular
32、ly enjoyed driving through the countryside with you and saw the changing colors of the leaves on the trees. (and连接的不定式或动名词前后一致，尤其距离较远时，saw改为seeing)讲练结合遗漏不定式符号to1. My sister wanted get out of the shop. (10陕)2. She never seemed care what the rest of us thought about her. (10全国)3. It was a lesson to us
33、 that it was possible give without expecting anything. (12浙江样题)现在分词与过去分词混淆不清1. Therefore, I told them interested stories and how I was enjoying Brazil. (12浙江)2. Third, we should find ways to reuse the water using in washing, especially bath water. 3. I also shared with my friends many photos taking
34、in Beijing. (12陕)4. I became interesting in biology and chose to learn biology when I entered into the college. 5. I am pleasing to that. ( 11川)6. With a breaking leg, he was walking to school the other day. (09陕)7. My friend Nick told me a story about his experience in the US, which was very intere
35、sted. 8. 介词错误1) 词组中的介词误用，2) 介词意思理解偏差，3) 介词的多用或少用 There are too many people among my family. (among改为in, in my family为固定搭配) I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow. (去掉at, the moment引导从句)讲练结合介词后误用动词原形1. I look forward to see her again in the near future. (10全国)2. It
36、 was a lesson to us that it was possible to give without expect anything. (12浙江样题)3. After hear your sad stories, he will say some words that are nice and warm. (10渝)介词搭配不正确1. I also shared for my friends many photos taken in Beijing. (12陕)2. Thank you so much by not only giving me life, but also te
37、ach me how to be a good person. 3. When I tore apart my fifth birthday toy train, my father said, Thats it. No more toys to you. 4. There was one on particular Id always wanted. (11浙)5. “How did you change your mind?” he asked her by surprise. (10川)6. As we left, Mother stopped on their table. (10浙)
38、7. Luckily I had all my money on my pocket. (11全国新课标)8. I plan to make friends with them so they we can help each other on the course work. (09琼)9. Tom was having much trouble getting up in the morning and was always late with work. (11川)9. 常见行文逻辑错误包括and、or、but前后的平行结构中词的形式与意义是否不一致；名词代词的性、数、格；句子的肯定、否
39、定、推理判断等。1. Thank you so much for not only giving me life, but also teach me how to be a good person. 2. One day he was having a yard sale and the old man living next door come by to help. (10全国)3. I would never be able to enjoy playing with the toy or faced my cousin again. (11浙)4. She is smiling at
40、 me but nodding at me. 5. Some students may also save up for our college or future use. 6. It was about noon when we arrived at the foot of the mountain. The three of them were very excited. 10. 词形易混词1. While I was walking home with one of my friends, a truck came to a stop besides us. (09浙)2. Altho
41、ugh her English is a little hardly to understand, we enjoy chatting and we usually talk a lot about our own families. (11渝)3. I had to try hardly not to laugh at her shocked face. (10陕)4. She knew what had happened, thanked me and ever mentioned it again. (11浙)考点归纳1) 句中各部分的结构是否完整，特别是每个句子要有谓语动词；2) 谓语
42、动词的时态、语态；3) 非谓语动词的用法；4) 名词的单、复数，格的使用是否正确；5) 定冠词和不定冠词是否正确；6) 代词的格和性别的使用是否有误；7) 定语从句中关系代词、副词是否准确无误；8) 并列句中的并列连词、主从复合句中的从属连词用的是否得当。口诀：动词形，名词数，还要注意形和副；非谓语，细辨别，习惯用法要记住；句子成分多分析，逻辑错误须关注；冠词连词常光顾。四原则：1）改动以最少为原则 2）虚词以添加或删除为原则 3）实词以改变词形为原则4）以保持句子原意为原则 注意要点 核对错项时，可以参考所改动项是否符合“181”比例。即多一词1个，缺词1个，错词8个。 核对改正的语法项目是
43、否有重复。因为改错往往覆盖面广，一般不会出现重复考查某个语法点的现象。 核对答题符号是否规范，位置是否准确，看看有无遗漏符号，忽略字母大写和拼写等问题。篇章练习 （一） Im the captain of our school team so with myfellow players weve won several games. Therewill an important game next month. But one of thebest player in our team told me just then that hewouldnt play basketball once
44、more. His parentsasked him to spend in more time preparing for thecollege entrance examination. I feel sorry to him. But his parents think go to college is more importantthan playing sports and college was the only placefor a smart boy like his son. So my friend had nochoice. He wanted to make their
45、 parents happy.（二）Dear Ralph,Im a newcomer here of a small town. I woulddescribe myself as shy and quietly. Before my classmates, it seems always difficult for me to do things aswell them. Im sure they will laugh to me and see me as a fool. So I feel happy every day.Besides, I have few friends. I do
46、nt know that theydont like to talk with me. Sometimes, we talked to each other very well in class, but after class we become stranger at once. I am trying to improve the situation since it doesnt seem to work. Can you tell me about what I should do? Yours, Xiao Wei（三） On Thursday I will have to deci
47、de what I want myself to do over a weekend. I am thinking of making a tripto London, and visit the British Museum and someparks. But I have spent lot my money, so I cannoteven go out of town. I may go to a film, or a concert. Yes, a concert can be very excited. You can watch your stars while enjoying your favorite music. So then,