高考英语短文改错解题技巧(11页).doc

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1、-高考英语短文改错解题技巧-第 11 页高考英语短文改错解题技巧1.解题步骤1 浏览全文,掌握大意2 分句阅读,逐行找错3 由易到难, 各个击破 4 检查核对,注意方法详解:具体解题步骤:做短文改错通常遵循以下几个步骤:通读文章,了解大意;逐句分析,行中找错;再读短文,检查漏洞。即按照文章句子行文章的顺序。第一步:通读全文,了解大意。短文改错是考查考生在理解的基础上对语篇整体的识错、纠错能力,必须从全篇考虑,而不能只顾一句或一行。要理解文章的谋篇布局,弄清楚整篇文章的意思。在阅读过程中,要注意行文逻辑、文章的时态以及人称等。第二步:逐句分析,行中找错。尽管短文改错是以行设置错误的,但语言毕竟是

2、以句子为完整意义单位的。所以,可以逐句分析,看看单句是否有错;如果有错,有几处错误,是什么错误,再看看错误在哪一行。把“短文改错”转化为“单句改错”,然后再在行中找错,这样就会降低难度。第三步:再读短文,检查漏洞。做完以后,再把文章阅读一遍,检查是否有遗漏情况,尤其注意上下句之间的逻辑关系。多读一遍,就有可能把某些不清楚的地方理顺。2.错误形式与改法1 改词 2 添词 3 去掉 4 正确详解:1 改词(67个):在文中该词下面划横线( _ );在题号后横线上写出要改的词。2 添词(12个):在文中标上添词符号();在题号后横线上写出要添的词。3 去掉(12个):在文中用斜线( )划掉该词;在题

3、号后写上要划掉的词,并也用斜线划掉。3.解题思路综观近十年的高考短文改错题,不难看出常见的改错十大思路是:一致关系、连接手段、平行结构、非谓语动词形式、删除冗言、冠词使用,名词数与格,词语搭配,词性分辨,行文逻辑等。现结合近几年的高考试题对这十大思路分析如下:详解:一、一致关系短文改错中所涉及到的一致关系包括主谓一致、时态一致和代词指代一致。谓语动词的单、复数形式要与句子的主语在人称和数上保持一致,动词的时态要与时间状语或上下文的时态保持一致,代词所指的内容与其先行词在词性和数方面以及与其自身的指代,要在意义上保持一致。二、连接手段连接不当会造成上下文不衔接。英语中句与句连接一般使用并列连词或

4、从属连词。或若并列句,要判断句与句之间是并列、转折、选择、递进关系,还是让步关系。从而选择恰当的连词,若为复合句,首先应判断内含何种从句,然后根据主、从句之间的关系判断连接词的使用是否正确,是否有遗漏或多余现象,要注意句子结构的完整性。三、平行结构平行结构是指两个或更多的具有相似或相同的句法功能的词、词组或从句并列在一起的结构,在表达相互平行的概念时,要使用相同的语法结构,即动词与动词并列,形容词与形容词并列,不定式与不定式并列,短语与短语并列。平行结构常使用等立连词and,but, or或连词词组not onlybut also,not. but, eitheror,neithernor,a

5、s well as等。四、非谓语动词形式主要考查不定式符号to的多余或遗漏,to是介词还是不定式符号,现在分词与过去分词、动名词等。五、删除冗言造成冗言错误的原因主要由于汉英表达上的差异。对英语惯用语在使用上的细微差异,主要考程度副词和频度副词。如:much more, often等的多余,介词的多余,语义的重复,固定搭配中多余的词以及由于受汉语的影响而多用了某些词语等。六、冠词的使用冠词是英语中特有的词,由于汉语中没有与之相对应的词,大家对它的用法感到难以掌握,高考英语短文改错题对冠词的考查几乎每年都有,但多数是考查其基本用法,如不可数名词泛指时前面多冠词;单数可数名词前少冠词不定冠词a,a

6、n与定冠词the的错误使用;固定搭配中冠词的误用等等。七、名词的数与格汉语中的名词没有单复数形式。英语则不同,如果英语的名词是可数名词,它有单复数形式。一般来讲,不可数名词没有复数式。八、词语搭配这主要考查介词与动词,名词、形容词的固定搭配,副词与动词的固定搭配,及物动词后面介词或副词的多余以及不及物动词后面缺少介词,英语中的一些固定结构及习惯搭配等。九、词性分辨根据词在句中的位置与其它词的修饰与被修饰关系,判断词的正确使用形式,根据词在句子中不同的句法功能,使用与之相适应的词性。十、行文逻辑这主要测试行文中not的有无;come与leave的误用;before与after的混用。详解:(1)

7、词法内容。包括名词、代词的数与格,反身代词,动词时态语态,非谓语动词、短语动词的用法,不规则动词的变化形式,形容词的比较级,形容词副词的区别,介词的误用等。(2)句法内容。包括主谓一致、指代一致,并列连词,从属连词等引导各种从句的关联词语,感叹句,疑问句,祈使句的结构等。(3)行文逻辑。包括句子的肯定、否定、推理判断等。5.考点设置之名词命题特点:本来用复数,却用单数.改正方法:(1)根据名词前的修饰限定成份;(2)根据上下文的逻辑关系. 详解:1.She said that she and my schoolmate all wished me success.(schoolmate改为sc

8、hoolmates)2. After class we become stranger at once.(stranger改为strangers)3. They want me to devote all my time to my studies so that Ill get marks in all my subject.(subject改为subjects)4. On the way up I was busy taking picture since the scenery was so beautiful.(picture改为pictures)5. There are advant

9、age for students to work while studying at school.(advantage改为advantages)6. He had no ideas that the kitchen was not for guests.(ideas改为idea)7. ) I looked at his other hands. (hands改为hand)6.考点设置之代词命题特点:1.女性代词指代男性或相反;2.单数指代复数;3.代词词性误用。改正方法:联系上下文的逻辑关系。代词的错误特点:1.人称代词的偷换错误 2. 缺少人称代词的错误3. 人称代词数的一致问题4. 人称

10、代词格的一致问题详解:The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.(his改为their)I have a good friend whos name is Liu Mei.( whos改为whose)It was about noon when we arrived at the foot of the mountain. The three of them were very excited.(them改为us)Soon I began to enjoy talking to myself on paper as Iwas learnin

11、g to express me in simple English .(me改为myself)One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher .(showed后加it)Some students may also save up for our college or future use .(our改为their)I took it in me and we walked. (me改为mine)7.考点设置之介词命题特点及改正方法:介词涉及搭配错误,因此可从以下方面确定错误:1)介词的基本用法;2)习惯搭配;3)动词词类确定错误,

12、如talk, serve, wait等。介词的错误:介词短语常常考,固定搭配要记牢。介词后边跟宾语,结合语境细推敲。详解:We do not seem to get much time to talk about together.(去掉about)I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow. (去掉at)The main problem was in that I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate anything into

13、 English.(去掉was后的in)Well talk with our plan for the weekend over dinner.(with改为about)I am writing to thank you with your kind help. (with改为for)He was looking for a glass the cupboard. (glass后加in)Each these lines stands for a trouble in my life. (each后加of)8.考点设置之时态命题特点及改正方法:现在时与过去时的误用,句中一般没有时间状语。每年都考

14、。要注意联系上下文,着眼于整个语篇的时态。通常整篇都是过去,突然一个句子用现在时。其中又以一般现在时和过去时互改为多。详解:They did not want me to do any work at home; they want me to devote all my time to my studies so that-(did改为do)The time passes quickly. Evening came.(passes改为passed)She liked it very much and reads it to the class.(reads改为read)I dont know

15、 that they dont like to talk with me.Sometimes, we talked to each other very well in class.(talked改为talk)I will write again and send you the photos we take together.(take改为took)We had guests last night who have not stayed in a B&B hotel ago.(have改为had)9.andbutor误用及前后不一致命题特点:主要考查and、or、but、so等并列连词的误用

16、。 However与although/though不能同时出现改正方法;1)根据句意确定误;2)根据句子的逻辑关系确定错误。详解:) She is smiling at me but nodding at me.(but改为and)It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest.(and改为or)The food was expensive and the service was good.(and改为but)I came into the living room and saw one of them jus tgo t

17、hrough the kitchen door but turn on the light.(but改为and)We fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories.(visiting改为visited)She liked it very much and reads it to the class.(reads改为read)10.考点设置之从句连词命题特点及改正方法:句子结构方面的错误主要涉及句子成份和复合句的关联词等。解答这类题从以下方面来思考:1)句子结构是否完整,成份是否冗缺;2)复合句中从句的关系词或引导词的运用是否得当等。平行结构常使用

18、等立连词and,but, or或连词词组not onlybut also, eitheror,neithernor遵循就近原则。主语+With,together with,as well as,besides,动词与主语一致and,but,or,also 前后动词时态不一致。(具有对称性) 详解:It was about noon we arrived at the foot of the mountain.(noon后加when)I dont know that they dont like to talk with me.(that改为why)The main problem was in

19、 that I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate everything into English.(去掉that前的in)What things are in other homes, I wonder.(What改为How)Earning their own money allows them to spend on anything as if they please.(去掉if)They did not want breakfast because that they were going out early in the

20、morning.(去掉that)11.考点设置之冠词命题特点及改正方法:英语中冠词只有三个,只能从以下几个方向出题:1)不定冠词a和an互改;2)不定冠词a或an和定冠词the互改;3)根据需要增删冠词。详解:As everyone knows, its famous mountain with all kinds of plants and animals. (famous前加a) We may be one family and live under a same roof, but-(a改为the)On Thursday I will have to decide what I want

21、 to doover a weekend.(a改为the)I hope youve had pleasant journey home (had后加a)12.考点设置之形容词和副词命题特点及改正方法:主要考查形容词和副词的误用、形容词及副词的比较级等2)修饰连系动词或名词用形容词;3)修饰行为动词、形容词、过去分词及整个句子用副词。详解:I would describe myself as shy and quietly.(quietly改为quiet)There have been reports in America about people trying to steal person

22、information for bad purposes.(person改为personal)Finding information on the Net is easily.(easily改为easy)So what I learned from the job was much more important as what I earned.(as改为than)My pronunciation was terribly .(terribly改为terrible)They came back lately and had some tea.(lately改为late)13.考点设置之非谓语动

23、词命题特点改正方法:1)谓语动词和非谓语动词的错用;2)动词不定式和动名词的错用;3)现在分词和过去分词的错用等。详解:Earning their own money allow them to spend on anything as they please.(allow改为allows)My parents will do all they can make sure that I get a good education.(make前加to)Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was learning to express

24、 myself in simple English.(talk改为talking)We fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories.(visiting改为visited)Some students may also to save up for our college or future use.(去掉to)14.短文改错口诀动词形,名词数,还要注意形和副;非谓语,细辨别,习惯用法要记住;句子成分多分析,逻辑错误须关注;冠词连词常光顾详解:一、动词形:主要包括两类错误:动词的时态和语态错误,以及主、谓不一致的错误。动词形常见错误:1) 一般过去

25、时与一般 现在时错用。2)第三人称单数形式错用。 第三人称单数:Is/was2) and,but,or,also 前后动词时态不一致。(具有对称性) 4) 主谓不一致。5) 缺少谓语动词 1.主谓宾结构 缺少be动词2、主系表结构(am/is/are/was/were)6) 主动语态与被动语态错用 wash-is washed7)Used to 的运用错误 二、名词数:指名词单、复数形式的用法错误。常表现为将名词复数写成单数。改正方法:)根据名词前的修饰限定成份)根据上下文的逻辑关系三、还要注意形和副:注意形容词和副词在句子中的作用和具体用法。这也是高考短文改错题的常考点。命题特点及改正方法:

26、主要考查形容词和副词的误用、形容词及副词的比较级等。根据adj或adv的基本用法确定错误;修饰系动词(am/is/are/was/were)或名词用形容词;修饰行为动词、形容词、过去分词及整个句子用副词。四、非谓语,细辨别:这是考查最多的错误形式之一。主要有现在分词、过去分词,动名词和不定式错误。1)不定式to do2)动名词doing作主语、宾语3)and 连接的不定式或动名词前后一致(尤其距离较远时) 4)现在分词和过去分词的区别等五、习惯用法要记住:主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识,其错误表现形式主要有三种:多词、少词和搭配错误。六、句子成分多分析:不同的句子成分要用不同的词类;不同的语境要选择不同的词语。只有对句子结构和成分作细致的分析,才能找出用词不当的错误。七、逻辑错误须关注:与句子的上、下文不一致,甚至相矛盾,属于逻辑性错误,如称谓上的张冠李戴。八、冠词连词常光顾:常考的错误形式有:连词but, and, or和so的用法错误,以及冠词的用法错误等。四不改:标点符号不改。大小写不改。词序错误不改(不是不改,而是按错词或少词来改)。在纲外生词不改。文中出现带汉语注释的词,在句中不可能用错

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