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1、关于动名词与现在分词的区别现在学习的是第1页，共26页vGerund doingvPresent Participle doingv 动名词与现在分词的区别动名词与现在分词的区别v动名词与现在分词的判断：动名词与动词现在分词不动名词与现在分词的判断：动名词与动词现在分词不同处在于：同处在于：在句子中充当的成分不同在句子中充当的成分不同。也就是说，。也就是说，当看到一个动词的当看到一个动词的-ing形式时，要通过分析这个词在形式时，要通过分析这个词在句子中充当的成分后再判断它是动名词还是现在分词。句子中充当的成分后再判断它是动名词还是现在分词。2现在学习的是第2页，共26页动名词和现在分词各充当
2、的成分动名词和现在分词各充当的成分v动名词动名词：顾名思义，保留动词的意思，但是顾名思义，保留动词的意思，但是词性已经变为词性已经变为名词名词。在句子中充当在句子中充当：主语，宾语，表语，定语主语，宾语，表语，定语 They saw the sleeping boy sleeping in the sleeping car.现在分词：现在分词：倾向于倾向于形容词和副词形容词和副词词性。也仅是词性。也仅是保留动词意思，但不再是动词。保留动词意思，但不再是动词。the rising sun 在句子中充当在句子中充当：表语，定语，宾补，状语表语，定语，宾补，状语3现在学习的是第3页，共26页请判断以
3、下句中请判断以下句中doing是什么词是什么词vIt is no use saying so.vI am interested in reading books.vI cant help laughing.vMy job is teaching.vHearing this sad news,he couldnt help crying.vI heard him singing in the room.4现在学习的是第4页，共26页Present Participlevthe disappointing newsvI heard the girl singing now in the next
4、roomvFeeling desparate,he didnt want to talk to anyone.现在学习的是第5页，共26页v动名词作主语，动名词作主语，一般都可以使用形式主语一般都可以使用形式主语，而将动名词放而将动名词放在句尾：在句尾：v常见固定用法有：常见固定用法有：vIts no use doing 做做没有好处没有好处/用处用处 vIts no goodpleasure doing 做某事无益做某事无益/无用无用vIts no harm doing 做做并无害处并无害处 vIts a waste of time doing v例如：例如：vIts no use goin
5、g there today;he wont be at home.vIts a waste of time arguing about it.vIts no good waiting here.Lets walk home.1.Verb-ing 做主语（动名词）做主语（动名词）6现在学习的是第6页，共26页vWriting the book has taken up all his spare time.v做主语的是动作。做主语的是动作。vSeeing is believing.v动名词与动词不定式做主语的区别在于：动名词与动词不定式做主语的区别在于：vto do这个形式常表这个形式常表“将要
6、将要”，表，表”目的目的“。vdoing这个形式常表这个形式常表”事实事实”v-What makes him so sad?v-_ the watch.vA.To lose B.Lost C.Losing D.Lose7现在学习的是第7页，共26页v-Why do you come here?v-_.vA.to see you vB.seeing youvC.see you vD.I want to see you8现在学习的是第8页，共26页如：如：Hearing the words,she couldnt help thinking of her past bitterness.(cant
7、 help这个动词，这个动词，后面接宾语，如果宾语表达的是动作，是个动词，那就要把动词变为名词性，即后面接宾语，如果宾语表达的是动作，是个动词，那就要把动词变为名词性，即doing。此处。此处doing 为动名词。为动名词。)We all avoided mentioning that matter.同同理理 能用动名词作宾语的动词有两类：能用动名词作宾语的动词有两类：一类是后面只能用动名词作宾语的动词，其中有：一类是后面只能用动名词作宾语的动词，其中有：escape,avoid,miss,enjoy,appreciate,complete,finish,imagine,consider,mi
8、nd,practise,resist,tolerate,admit,delay,suggest,advise等，如：等，如：Mary is considering changing her job.I enjoy working with you.Would you mind ringing me up tomorrow?9现在学习的是第9页，共26页以下动词既可接不定式做宾语，又可接动名词做宾语，以下动词既可接不定式做宾语，又可接动名词做宾语，注意意思上的区别：注意意思上的区别：remember forget regret stop mean try learn consider prefe
9、r hate like remember to do sth 记得去做某事记得去做某事 remember doing sth 记得做过某事记得做过某事 forget to do sth 忘记去做某事忘记去做某事 forget doing sth 忘记做过忘记做过/做了而又忘了做了而又忘了 regret to do sth 很遗憾要去做很遗憾要去做 某事某事 I regret to tell you a bad news 我很遗憾要告诉你一个我很遗憾要告诉你一个 regret doing sth 后悔做了后悔做了 I regret having said that.mean to do 打算想做
10、某事打算想做某事.mean doing 意味着意味着10现在学习的是第10页，共26页在在need,want,require deserve等后，可用动名词的主动式表示被动含义，等后，可用动名词的主动式表示被动含义，或用不定式的被动式，意义上无差别。但用动名词较为普遍，（这时主语或用不定式的被动式，意义上无差别。但用动名词较为普遍，（这时主语一般是物），如：一般是物），如：The door needs repairing/to be repaired.有的动词尽管可以用两种结构，但意义明显不同，须认真加以区别：有的动词尽管可以用两种结构，但意义明显不同，须认真加以区别：I forgot to
11、close the door before I left the room.I forgot having closed the door.He tried to write better.(尽量努力地写尽量努力地写)He tried writing with a brush.(用毛笔试着写用毛笔试着写)I couldnt help finishing it.(不能不结束某事不能不结束某事)I couldnt help to finish it.(不能帮助结束某事不能帮助结束某事)They stopped talking.停止讲话停止讲话 They stopped to talk.停止在做的事
12、，而去讲话停止在做的事，而去讲话 I regret to say that there is no wine in the bottle.(对现在要发生的事表对现在要发生的事表示遗憾、抱歉示遗憾、抱歉)I regret not taking your advice.(后悔后悔)11现在学习的是第11页，共26页vRather than _ on a crowded bus,he always prefers _ a bicycle.vA.ride,ride B.riding ridevC.ride,to ride D.to ride,ridingvwouldshould prefer to d
13、o sthvprefer sth to sthvprefer doing sth to doing sthvprefer to do sth rather than do sthvwould rather that sb did had done12现在学习的是第12页，共26页keep doing sth一直做某事一直做某事keep on/up doing sth 坚持做某事坚持做某事consider doing 考虑做某事考虑做某事consider to be 认为认为 to be doing to have done to have been done13现在学习的是第13页，共26页v
14、Charles Babbage is generally considered _ the first computer.vA.to invent B.inventedvC.to have invented vD.having invented 14现在学习的是第14页，共26页 动名词（短语）还常常跟在短语动词之后，作介词的宾语。动名词（短语）还常常跟在短语动词之后，作介词的宾语。就是我们常说的：介词后面遇到动词，要把动词变为就是我们常说的：介词后面遇到动词，要把动词变为-ing形式形式 常见的有：常见的有：insist on/persist in/think of/dream of/obj
15、ect to/hear of/prevent from/keep from阻止，抑制阻止，抑制/stop from/feel like/be engagedbusy in忙于忙于/look forward to/depend on/thank for/excuse for/devote to/set about开始做某事开始做某事/spend in/get(be)used to /be fond of/be afraid of/be tired of/succeed in/be interested in/be proud of/burst out/give up/get down to+do
16、ing 等，如：等，如：People object to smoking.Prevent sb.from doingsth.阻止阻止某人做某事某人做某事 prevent from being seen or discovered.Stop your dog from snapping at me.别让你的狗咬我。别让你的狗咬我。Excuse me for being late.15现在学习的是第15页，共26页v 动名词作表语时动名词作表语时相当于相当于名词名词，说明主语的含义及内容，说明主语的含义及内容，它与主语是同等关系，主语与表语互换位置不影响句子的它与主语是同等关系，主语与表语互换位置
17、不影响句子的基本含义，但不可用副词来修饰。基本含义，但不可用副词来修饰。v 现在分词作表语时现在分词作表语时相当于相当于形容词形容词，说明主语的特征、性，说明主语的特征、性质、状态等，主语与表语不可互换位置，但可用质、状态等，主语与表语不可互换位置，但可用very,quite,really等副词来修饰，如：等副词来修饰，如：vMy job is looking after the children.vOur duty is serving the people heart and soul.vThe situation is really encouraging.vThis cake is v
18、ery inviting.vThe volleyball match we watched was very exciting.16现在学习的是第16页，共26页如：如：singing competition swimming pool dining car opening speech drinking cup living room typing paper waiting room writing desk washing machine frying-pan sleeping-pill walking stick teaching method动名词作定语表示被修饰名词的动名词作定语表
19、示被修饰名词的用途用途，它和名词之间没有，它和名词之间没有逻辑上的主谓关系；而逻辑上的主谓关系；而现在分词现在分词作定语，表示被修饰名词本身作定语，表示被修饰名词本身的动作、行为，它和名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系。的动作、行为，它和名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系。17现在学习的是第17页，共26页判断现在分词？动名词？vworking peoplevworking conditionsva swimming poolva swimming boyva sleeping carva sleeping child18现在学习的是第18页，共26页 有时为了明确动名词所表示的动作的执行者，可以在动名词之前
20、加上有时为了明确动名词所表示的动作的执行者，可以在动名词之前加上一个形一个形容词性容词性或或，来表示动名词逻辑上的主语。有时，来表示动名词逻辑上的主语。有时也可以用也可以用人称代词宾格人称代词宾格或或名词普通格名词普通格，不过，这主要用于口语中。如：，不过，这主要用于口语中。如：It is no use your saying so.It is no use you saying so.It is no use Toms saying so.It is no use Tom saying so.注：如果不是在句子的开头，这个结构常用名词的普通格或人称代词宾注：如果不是在句子的开头，这个结构常用
21、名词的普通格或人称代词宾格，（换言之，如果放在句首，结构必须是物主代词或名词所有格。格，（换言之，如果放在句首，结构必须是物主代词或名词所有格。)如：如：I dont like the idea of us/our not helping at all.I dont mind Jane buying another one.注：如果动名词的逻辑主语是表示无生命的东西的名词，或不定代词，就只能用注：如果动名词的逻辑主语是表示无生命的东西的名词，或不定代词，就只能用普通格，不能用所有格，如：普通格，不能用所有格，如：The boy was alarmed by someone knocking a
22、t the door.19现在学习的是第19页，共26页v_ sailing on the sea is not imagined.vA.Tom vB.TomsvThis leads to _(the river)_(pollute)20现在学习的是第20页，共26页 动名词的一般形式通常表示一般性动作（即不是明确地动名词的一般形式通常表示一般性动作（即不是明确地在过去、现在或将来发生的动作）或是与谓语所表示的动作在过去、现在或将来发生的动作）或是与谓语所表示的动作同时发生的动作，如：同时发生的动作，如：They are all interested in climbing mountains
23、.He took a great delight in helping others.如：如：He didnt mention having met me.I regret not having taken her advice.I dont remember having ever promised you that.21现在学习的是第21页，共26页如：如：This question is far from.He did it without.They insisted on.He didnt mind.They couldnt stand being treated like that.
24、如果表示的动作在谓语表示的动作之前发生，有时需要用动名词的如果表示的动作在谓语表示的动作之前发生，有时需要用动名词的完完成被动形式成被动形式，如：，如：I dont remember 22现在学习的是第22页，共26页1.feel,hear,look at,listen to,notice,observe,sense,see,watch 等表示感官或感觉的动词等表示感官或感觉的动词2.catch,discover,find,get,have,keep,leave,send,set 等常用动词等常用动词I can hear someone knocking.She felt anger aris
25、ing in her heart.Listen to the birds singing.Just look at the rain pouring down.She noticed the man looking at her a couple of times.He observed a stranger hanging around the store.She caught me smoking again.I found him lying on the floor.Do you think you can get the radio working?He had the light
26、burning all night.She kept me waiting for over twenty minutes.Dont leave her waiting outside in the rain.The sound of the gun sent the birds flying away.His question has set me thinking.7.现在分词现在分词作宾、主语补足语作宾、主语补足语23现在学习的是第23页，共26页分词的独立主格结构分词的独立主格结构现在学习的是第24页，共26页Judging byfrom his accent,he must be f
27、rom northeat.Generally speaking,we should take action to guanratee our success.Considering your sickness,you should stay in bed for some time.Concerning his behavior,we should choose him as a member of our team.Time permitting,we will have another chance to see each other.Time given,I will do a better job.The rain having stopped,he went out for a walk.Her work done,she sat down for a cup of tea.There being no taxis,we had to walk.There are a lot of tall trees,some measuring as tall as 90 meters.25现在学习的是第25页，共26页感谢大家观看感谢大家观看9/5/2022现在学习的是第26页，共26页