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1、学习必备欢迎下载英语时态一般时态：时态名称结构常连用的词基本用法一般现在时1. be动词用am/is/are，后接 n./a./prep. often; usually; every;sometimes; always; never; seldom; once/twice/ a week/month/year; on Sundays/Mondays/ .;1) 表示现在存在的习惯，经常发生的动作或存在的状态。?He takes a walk after supper every day. ?The children go to school at seven every morning. 2)
2、表示主语的特征、性格、能力等。?The children draw well. ?Does she like sports? 3) 表示客观事实或普遍真理。?The sun rises in the east. ?Two plus two makes four. ?Knowledge is power. 4 ）在时间、条件状语从句中表示将来的动作。?When they leave school, they will go to work in Tibet. ?If You see him， will you tell him to ring me? ?Well visit the cotton
3、 mill if it is fine tomorrow. 5 ）表示安排或计划好的将来的动作(一般只限于某些表示移动的动词， 如 go ，come ，arrive, leave，begin, start等 ) ，这种安排很固定，不易改变。?The train starts at ten oclock in the morning. ?The film begins in a minute. ?When does the Japanese Youth delegation leave for Xi an?2. 行为动词用v. 或 v.-s 、-es. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - -
4、- - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 8 页学习必备欢迎下载一般过去时1be 动词用过去式 was 或were表示。yesterday; the day before yesterday; last week/month/year/ .; ago;a moment ago; just now; on/in+过去的时间 ; 1) 表示过去的动作或状态?We had a good swim last Sunday. ?She suddenly fell ill yesterday. 2) 叙述过去连续发生的一件件事。?He got up early in the morn
5、ing， fetched water，swept the yard and then went out to work. 3) 表示过去一段时间内经常或反复发生的动作。?When my brother was a teenager， he played table tennis almost every day. ?It used to be difficult to get drinking water here. 其他用法：(1) 在宾语从句中，由于时态呼应的关系，可用一般过去时表示现在 ：?I didn t know you were here. 我不知道你在这儿。 (were实际上指现
6、在) ?I didn t know you were so busy我没想到你这么忙。 (were实际上指现在) (2) 表示客气委婉的现在：?I wondered if you were free this evening. 不知您今晚是否有空。?I thought you might like some flowers. 我想您也许想要些花。【注】能这样有的动词主要限于want, wonder, think, hope, intend等少数动词。(3) 用于某些特殊结构中: ?It s time we started. 我们该动身了。?I wish I knew his name. 要是我
7、知道他的名字就好了。?I d rather you lived closer to us. 我希望你能住得离我们近点。【注】该用法主要用于it s (high) time, I wish, I d rather, if only, as if, as though 等少数结构后接从句的情形。(4) 表主观想法的虚拟条件句也用一般过去时表示现在：?If I had the money now I d buy a car. 假若我现在有钱，我就买辆小汽车。(5) 当主句中的谓语动词是现在完成时，since引导的从句用一般过去时。?I have lived in the house since I
8、came to the city. ?Great changes have taken place since I visited the city. 2. 行为动词用V-ed 。一般将来时1. will+v. tomorrow, the day after tomorrow; soon; 1) 表示将来的动作或状态。?My daughter will be twelve years old tomorrow. ?The indoor swimming pool will be open to the 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第
9、 2 页，共 8 页学习必备欢迎下载2. is/am/are+going to+V，表示计划打算做什么事。next week/month/year/.; the week/month/year/. after next; on/in +将来的时间；in+ 一段时间； . public from October 16. 2) 表示将来经常发生的动作。?We shall work in this factory every day. 其他形式1) be going to + v. 多用于口语中，常表示打算、即将、决心去做的事或可能要发生的事。如：?We are going to visit the
10、 Museum of Chinese History.我们要去参观中国历史博物馆。 ( 表打算 ) ?Tom studies very hard. He is going to try for a scholarship.汤姆学习非常努力，他将争取获得奖学金。(表决心 ) ?Look at those clouds. Its going to rain.瞧那些云，要下雨了。(表估计可能 ) ?The wall is going to collapse! 那墙要倒塌了? ( 即将 ) 2) go, come, leave, start等表示移动的动词，可用现在进行时来表示即将发生的动作。?She
11、 is going to the dentist tomorrow because she is having a toothache. ?Im coming. 3) be about to + v.表示即将发生的动作。如：?The English evening is about to begin.英语晚会即将开始。?We are about to leave， so there is no time to visit him now.我们就要离开了，所以现在没有时间去看他。4) be to do 表示安排或计划好了的动作等。如：?The boys are to go to school n
12、ext week.这些男孩子下周要上学了。?He and I are to meet at the Shanghai Railway Station.他和我约定在上海火车站见面。?Im to be home before midnight.我午夜前回家。过去将来时was/were going to +V原形表示对于过去某一时间而言将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用在宾语从句中。?They wanted to know when you would finish the article. ?We asked him where we should go to work next week. wou
13、ld +V原形其他形式?I was told that the press conference was to be held the next day. ?I was about to leave when it began to rain. ?He told me he was leaving soon. 进行时态：时态名称结构常连用的词主要用法现在进行时is/am/are+V-ingnow ；at present; at the moment; Look!(放在句首 ); Listen! (放在句首 ); 1) 表示此时此刻 ( 说话人说话时)正在进行的动作。?What are you
14、doing? Im doing some washing. ?Look! It is snowing. 2) 表示现阶段正在进行着的动作，虽然此时此刻这个动作可能并不在进行。?He is working on a paper. ?They are compiling a dictionary. 3) 有时可表示将来发生的动作，有意图 或打算 的含义 (用于精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 8 页学习必备欢迎下载go ，come ， stay ，leave ，start等表示移动的动词)。?They are taking t
15、he children to the zoo on Sunday. ?What are you doing next Sunday? Im going on a picnic with my wife and daughter. 过去进行时was/were+V-ing at that time; at this time yesterday; at+ 时间点+yesterday/lastnight; at that moment; 1) 表示过去一段时间正在发生的动作。?I was practicing the violin at eight oclock yesterday evening.
16、 ?She was reading an English magazine when I came in. 2）表示移动的动词go ，come ，start ，stay ，leave等的过去进行时，可以表示过去将来发生的动作。?They wanted to know when we were leaving for Shanghai. 将来进行时will/shall be v-ing at this time +将来时间点1）表示在将来某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。?This time tomorrow I shall be flying to Guangzhou. ?What will
17、you be doing at eight tomorrow morning? 2）表示将来被客观情况所决定的动作或者按照安排将要发生的动作。?Well be having tea after dinner as usual. ?The leaves will be falling soon. 过去将来进行时should/would be v-ing 1) 表示在过去的将来的某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。?He asked me what I should be doing at ten the next day. ?They said that they would be expecti
18、ng us the next week. 2) 表示在过去某一时间之后即将或按计划进行的动作。?He said he could not come because he would be having a meeting. 完成时态：时态名称结构常连用的词主要用法现在完成时have/has+ p.p （过去分词）already；just ； before; yet( 否定句中 )；ever ；never ；since +时间点；since+一段时间 +ago; by+ 现在时间；so far; up to now; till now; until now; recently/lately; 1
19、) 表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚完成，汉语常用 了或过 来表示。?We have already set up many new factories in this area. ?The new books have not arrived yet. ?Many westerners have never seen a giant panda. 2）还可表示动作发生在过去，并且一直延续到现在，甚至还可能继续延续下去。?How long have you been in Beijing ? I have been in Beijing for four years. ?Three years
20、have passed since we left school. ?Up to now, I have finished two-thirds of the work. 3） 在条件、时间状语从句中表示将来某个动作发生之前已完成的动作。?Perhaps Ill know more English after I have learnt it for two years. 特别注意：1. This is (It is) the first /second time that 句型中，常用现在完成时。但在“It was the 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 -
21、- - - - - -第 4 页，共 8 页学习必备欢迎下载second time that ”中，也能用过去完成时。?This is the second time that I have seen the film. ?That was the third time that I had visited the place. 2. It is (has been) since 句型中，主句常用现在完成时，从句用一般现在时。?It is （has been） three years since I began to work on the state farm. 3. 在完成时中，一个瞬间性
22、动词不能和表示一段时间的状语（for, since, how long等）连用，此时必须将该瞬间动词改为延续性动词或状态动词。buy have borrow keep catch/get a cold have a cold come / arrive/reach/get to be become be go be put on wear join be in go to school be a student die be dead begin/start be on leave be away fall asleep be asleep open be open close/shut be
23、 closed end be over marry be married ?He has come back for three weeks. () ?He has been back for three weeks. () ?The writer has died for two years. () ?The writer has been dead for two years. () ?He has left for 6 days. ( ) ?He has been away for 6 days. () 过去完成时had + p.p（过去分词）过去的过去：by+ 过去的时间；表“ 过去某
24、动作或时间以前” 的时间状语。1) 过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作以前业已完成的动作。?By the end of last week we had learned ten lessons. ?In the exhibition he saw many oil paintings that he had never seen before. 2)表示由过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作。?It rained yesterday after it had been dry for many months. ?He said that great changes had taken
25、 place in his hometown since 1980. 3) 常用语 no sooner than 和 hardly (scarcely) when 句型的主句中，从句用一般过去时。（倒装）?No sooner had he reached home than it began to rain.他一到家，就开始下雨了。?He had hardly got on the train when the train started out. 他刚上火车，火车就开了。4) 在 would rather, would prefer等后面的从句中，如果表示过去精选学习资料 - - - - -
26、 - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 8 页学习必备欢迎下载的动作或情况，用过去完成时。?I d rather you had been here yesterday.要是你昨晚在这就好了。将来完成时will/shall have + p.p by + 将来时间by the time +将来时间表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成的动作。?By the end of this week， I shall have finished the book. ?The children will have gone to sleep by the time we get
27、home. ?When you come tonight at eight oclock，I shall have written my paper. 过去将来完成时should/would have + p.p 表示在过去的将来的某一时间以前已经完成的动作。?He said he would have paid back the money by the end of the week. ?We told him that we should have returned to the camp by four oclock. ?I hoped she would have finished
28、the work before I got back. 完成进行时时态名称结构主要用法现在完成进行时have/has been + v-ing 表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在。现在这个动作可能已经终止，也可能仍然在进行着。?I have been waiting for you for two hours. ?He has been working on the paper all day. ?-How long have you been learning English? -I have been learning English for two years. 注意：有些不能用现
29、在进行时态的动词，如be ，have ，like ，love ，know ，see ，hear等，同样也不能用现在完成进行时，而只能用现在完成时。?She has been ill for a long time. ?I have not seen you for ages. 过去完成进行时had been +V-ing 表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始并延续到过去这个时间，这一动作可能还在进行，也可能已经停止。?The baby had been crying for fifteen minutes when her mother came in. ?The teacher had been
30、teaching for forty years by the time he retired. ?It seemed to her that the boys had been shouting for a long time. 专项练习1._ a concert next Saturday? A. There will be B. Will there be C. There can be D. There are 2.It s good to see you again, Agnes. This has been our first chance to visit since from
31、Iran. A. you return B. you returned C. you have returned D. returning 3.If it _ tomorrow, we ll go roller-skating. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 8 页学习必备欢迎下载A. isn t rain B. won t rain C. doesn t rain D. doesn t fine4. The reporter said that the UFO _ east to west when he saw i
32、t. A. was traveling B. traveled C. had been traveling D. was to travel 5. Sorry, I cant open the door, for I the key to it. A. lost B. lose C. had lost D. have lost 6. “ What s the matter, Ali? You look sad. ”“ Oh, nothing much. As a matter of fact, I _ of my friends back home. ”A. just thought B. h
33、ave just been thinking C. was just thinking D. have just thought 7. Did you expect Frank to come to the party? No, but I had hoped . A. him coming B. him to come C. that he comes D. that he would come 8. Bob must be very wealthy. Yes, he more in one day than I do in a week. A. has been earned B. had
34、 earned C. earns D. has earned 9. I first met Lisa three years ago. She _ at a radio shop at the time. A. has worked B. was working C. had been working D. had worked 10. She _her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband _home. A has left; comes B had left; would come C had left; came
35、D left; had come 11. Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years. A. was ; studying B. will ; study C. has ; studied D. are ; studying 12.- Mr Gorden asked me to remind you of the meeting this afternoon . Don t forget it !-OK. I _ . A. wont B. dont C. will D. do 13.When I reached home, my parent
36、s _their supper. A.are havingB.have already had C.have hadD. had already had 14.She _in this school _the past ten years. A.was teaching, sinceB. had been teaching, since C.would teach, forD. has been teaching, for 15.I first met Tom 10 years ago. He _ in a radio factory at that time. A. had worked B
37、. has worked C. was working D. has been working 16.- What _ when I phoned you? - I _ my work, and I wanted to go out. A. have you done; finished B. were you doing; have finished C. did you do; had just finished D. were you doing; had just finished 17.I used to drink a lot of tea but these days I _ c
38、offee. A. prefer B. preferred C. had preferred D. am preferring 18.Jim talked for about half an hour yesterday. Never _ him talk so much. A. I heard B. did I hear C. I had heard D. had I heard 19.He _ articles for our wall-newspaper these three years, and he _ about forty articles. A. has been writi
39、ng; has written B. had been writing; wrote C. is writing; has been writing D. has written; has written 20.When he was alive, the old scientist used to say that knowledge _ from practice and he gained his experience by doing a lot of practical work. A. was coming B. had come C. comes D. would come 21
40、.- How are you planning to travel to Shanghai? - I _ yet, but I _ taking a train. A. didn t decide; am considering B. haven t decided; consider C. havent decided; am consideringD. hadn t decided; have considered 22.- Who s the man over there?- Its Jack. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第
41、 7 页，共 8 页学习必备欢迎下载- Oh? _ in Italy. A. I think he s B. I ve thought hes been C. I thought he was D. I d thought hed been 23.I thought Jim would say something about his school report, but he _ it. A. doesn t mention B. hadn t mentioned C. didn t mention D. hasn t mentioned24. How long _ each other be
42、fore they _ married? For about a year. A.have they known; getB.did they know; get C.do they know; are going to getD.had they known; got 25.We would like to go and thank him ourselves，but we _ out his address yet, A.haven t found B.hadn t found C.didn t find D.don t find26.Shirley _ a book about Chin
43、a last year but I don t know whether she has finished. A.has written B.wrote C.had written D.was writing 27.Do you know when Tom _ from abroad? Perhaps it will be a long time before he _ back. A.will come; will come B.comes; will come C.will come; comes D.comes; comes 28.The pen I _ I _ is on my des
44、k，right under my nose. A.think; lost B.thought; had lost C.think; had lost D.thought; lost 29.However hard you _，you will never succeed in pleasing her. A.try B.will try C.should try D.would try 30.By this time tomorrow we _ the machine. A.have repaired B.shall have repaired C.will repair D.would repair 31.I _ the room to be empty but found it occupied. A.had thought B.have thought C.didn t think D.was thinking精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 8 页