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1、读书破万卷下笔如有神动词时态复习一般时态进行时态完成时态完成进行时态现在do/does am/is/are doing have/has done have/has been doing 过去did was/were doing had done had been doing将来shall/will do shall/will be doing shall/will have done shall/will have been doing过去将来 should/would do should/would be doingshould/would have doneshould/would ha
2、ve been doing时态动词是谓语所表示的动作或情况发生时间的各种形式。英语动词有16 种时态,但是常用的只有11种:一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、过去将来时、现在完成进行、将来进行时、将来完成时时。1.一般现在时1) 经常性或习惯性的动作。时间状语:every., sometimes, often 等。I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。2) 客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。3) 表
3、示格言或警句。My teacher said Pride goes before a fall.老师说过,骄者必败。4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。例如:Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英语写得不错,讲的可不行。2. 一般过去时1) 表示过去某时间发生的事、存在的状态或过反复发生的动作。a. he saw Mr. Wang yesterday. b. he worked in a factory in 1986. 2) 表示过去经常发生的动作也可用 “used to “ 和“would + 动词原形” 。 I used
4、 to smoke. During the vacation i would swim in the sea. 注: used to表示过去常发生而现在不再发生的动作或存在的状态。“would + 动词原形”没此含义used to可指过去的状态或情况,would 则不能。would 表示反复发生的动作。如果某一动作没有反复性,就不能用 would ,只能用 used to 3. 一般将来时1)“ will 或 shall + 动词原形”表示即将发生的或最近打算进行的事。2) be going to do 表将来a. 主语的意图,即将做某事。What are you going to do to
5、morrow? 明天打算作什么呢?b. 计划,安排要发生的事。The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。c. 有迹象要发生的事。Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云,快要下雨了。3)be +to表将来,按计划或正式安排将发生的事。例如:We are to discuss the report next Saturday. 我们下星期六讨论这份报告。4)be about to,意为马上做某事。例如:He is about to leave for Bei
6、jing. 他马上要去北京。注意: be about to do 不能与 tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用,常与when 连用。【特殊用法】: 一般现在时表将来1)下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return 的一般现在时可以表示将来,主要用来表示在时间上精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 4 页读书破万卷下笔如有神已确定或安排好的事情。例如:The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天
7、上午六点开。2)以 here, there等开始的倒装句,表示动作正在进行。例如:Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 3)在时间或条件句中。例如:When Bill comes, ask him to wait for me. 比尔来后,让他等我。4)在动词 hope, make sure that等的宾语从句中。例如:I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他们下星期玩得开心。 现在进行时代替将来时1) 表示即将发生的或预定中计划好的活动。例如:Are you staying with us this
8、 weekend? 和我们一起度周末好吗? We are leaving soon.我们马上就走。2) 渐变动词,如get, run, grow, become, begin 以及瞬间动词die 等。例如: He is dying. 他要死了。4现在进行时a. 表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生的事情。例如:We are waiting for you. 我们正在等你。b. 习惯进行:表示长期的或重复性的动作,说话时动作未必正在进行。例如:Mr. Green is writing another novel.他在写另一部小说。(说话时并未在写,只处于写作的状态。)c. 表示渐变,这样的动词有:
9、get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin 等。例如:The leaves are turning red. 叶子在变红。Its getting warmer and warmer. 天越来越热了。d. 与 always, constantly, forever 等词连用,表反复、持续发生的动作或状态,带有说话人的主观色彩。You are always changing your mind. 你老是改变主意。不用进行时的动词1)表示事实状态的动词,如 have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, cont
10、ain, matter, weigh, measure等。例如: I have two brothers. 我有两兄弟。This house belongs to my sister. 这房子是我姐的。2)表示心理状态的动词,如know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate等。例如: I need your help. 我需要你的帮助。3)瞬间动词,如accept, r
11、eceive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse 等。例如:I accept your advice. 我接受你的劝告。4)系动词,如seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn等。例如:You seem a little tired. 你看上去有点累。5. 过去将来时表示从过去的某个时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。如: The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe th
12、at a fortune was to be made ( 将会发财 )。6. 过去进行时表示过去某一时刻、某一阶段正进行的动作,In 1980 he was studying in a university. He was reading a novel when I came in. 与过去进行时连用的时间词:at that moment, at this time yesterday, then. 7. 将来进行时表将来某一时刻,某一段时间正在进行的动作。Eg. I will be sleeping at this time tomorrow. 8. 现在完成时1)表示的动作在说话之前已
13、完成,但对现在有影响。句中没有具体时间状语。I have seen the film.(表示已经知道电影内容)2)表示的动作开始于过去,持续到现在,也许还会持续下去。区别: I have learned English for 10 years.(表示过去10 年学过,还可能继续学下去)I learned English for 10 years.(表示曾经学过10 年)3)现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用。常用 for 和 since 表示一段时间的状语或never ,so far , now, today, this week (month, year ,), in/during/ove
14、r+ 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 4 页读书破万卷下笔如有神the last/past+时间 , up to now, yet , already, recently, lately, ever, just,till/until ,in recent years等。用于现在完成时的句型1)It is the first / second time. that It is the first time that I have visited the city. 这是我第一次访问这城市。2)This is +形容词最高级
15、 +that This is the best film that Ive (ever) seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。注意:系动词是was 时,从句用过去完成时9过去完成时的用法 1) 概念:表示过去的过去-|-|-|- 其构成是 had +过去分词构成。那时以前那时现在2) 过去发生的两个动作,先发生的用过去完成时With their help I realized that I had been wrong. 3) 过去某时以前发生的动作或情况He hasnt finished yet. He didnt finish yesterday evening. He hadnt fin
16、ished by yesterday evening. 3) 常用过去完成时的情况No soonerthan.Hardly when “一 .就.”No sooner had he begun his speech than he was interrupted expect,hope,think,want,suppose等动词的过去完成时(或一般时)表示想做而未做的事I had planned to send him a telegram,but I didn t manage it. 4)常用过去完成时的时间主状语by the end of+过去时间 ; by+过去时间 ; by the
17、time+ 过去时间 ; 过去时间 +before 10将来完成时A. 表示在将来某一时刻将完成或在另一个未来的动作发生之前已经完成的动作。By the time you arrive in London, we will have been staying in Europe for two weeks. 等你到达伦敦的时候,我们将已经在欧洲呆了两星期了。B. 在时间从句和条件从句中,现在完成时可以代替将来完成时,表示将来某时业已完成的动作。例如:Ill go and see the exhibition as soon as I have finished my work.我一做完作业就去
18、看展览。C. 将来完成时还可以表示可能性 ,或 设想 。例如:Its five oclock ;they will have arrived home by now.已经五点钟了,他们现在应该已经到家了。11. 现在完成进行时(一)表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作,并且还将持续下去。I have been learning English since three years ago.自从三年前以来我一直在学英语。(动作还将继续)(二)表示在说话时刻之前刚刚结束的动作。We have been waiting for you for half an hour.我们已经等你半个钟头了。(动作
19、不再继续下去)(三)表示状态的动词不能用于现在完成进行时。I have known him for years.我认识他已经好几年了。类似的还有还有:love 爱, like 喜欢, hate 讨厌,等。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 4 页读书破万卷下笔如有神动词时态复习构成: be done 学会了时态,语态就变得非常简单,但是也要注意下面几种情况:1. 不及物动词没有被动语态。2. 有些动词的主动形式表示被动含义。这类动词是一些表示主语的特征、性质的不及物动词。如: sell, wash,wear, shut, o
20、pen,read,write, cut,end,begin 等;连系动词look,feel,taste,smell,sound 等,也是用主动形式表示被动意义,但后面要接形容词做表语,不能接副词。The cloth looks good and washes well. 这种布料美观易洗。The book sells well.This knife cuts easily.3. 动词 blame,let(出租 ),remain,keep,rent,build 等I was to blame for the accident.Much work remains.4. 在 need,require
21、,want,worth ,deserveThe door needs repairing.=The door needs to be repaired.This room needs cleaning.This book is worth reading.5. 表示“据”的词组。 比如 believe,consider,declare,expect,feel,report,say,see ,suppose,think ,understand等。It is said that.It is reported that.It is believed that.It is well known tha
22、t.It is thought that.It is suggested that.It is taken granted that.It has been decided that.6. 有些动词形式上是被动的,但含义是主动的。He was dressed in a policemans clothes at that time.他当时穿着警服。He was drunk at the dinner.他在宴会上喝醉了。The girl was lost in the forest. 这女孩在森林中迷路了。My uncle has been engaged in the study of cotton growing for 20 years. 我叔叔从事棉花生产研究已经20 年了。The boy was seated on a chair.那男孩坐在一把椅子上。They are hidden behind the trees.他们躲藏在树后。The soldiers were stationed on the top of the mountain. 士兵们驻扎在山顶上。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 4 页