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1、小学英语语法【一】一般现在时一般现在时基本用法介绍一、一般现在时的功能1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。3.表示客观现实。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。二、一般现在时的构成1.be 动词 ：肯定句： 主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如： I am a boy. 我是一个男孩。2.行为动词：肯定句：主语+行为动词 (+其它 )。如： We study English.我们学习英语。当主语为第
2、三人称单数(he, she,it)时，要在动词后加-s或-es。如： Mary likes Chinese. 玛丽喜欢汉语。动词 +s的变化规则1一般情况下，直接加-s，如： cook-cooks, 2以 s. x. sh. ch. o 结尾，加 -es，如： guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes 3以 “ 辅音字母 +y” 结尾，变 y 为 i, 再加 -es，如： study-studies 特殊： have-has 三、一般现在时的变化1.be 动词的变化。否定句： 主语 + be + not +其它。如： He is no
3、t a worker. 他不是工人。一般疑问句：Be +主语 +其它。如： -Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, Im not. 特殊疑问句：疑问词 +一般疑问句。如：Where is my bike? 2.行为动词的变化。否定句： 主语 + dont( doesnt ) +动词原形 (+其它 )。如： I dont like bread. 当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesnt 构成否定句。如：He doesnt often play. 一般疑问句：Do( Does ) +主语 +动词原形 +其它。如： - Do you often play foot
4、ball? - Yes, I do. / No, I dont. 当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。如： - Does she go to work by bike?- Yes, she does. / No, she doesnt. 特殊疑问句：疑问词 +一般疑问句？如：How does your father go to work? 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 22 页一般现在时用法练习一、出下列动词的第三人称单数drink _ go _ stay _ make _look _ have_ pa
5、ss_ carry _ come_ watch_ plant_ fly _study_ brush_ do_ teach_ like play read wash be 二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1.He often _(have) dinner at home. 2.Daniel and Tommy _(be) in Class One. 3.We _(not watch) TV on Monday. 4.Nick _(not go) to the zoo on Sunday. 5._ they _(like) the World Cup? 6.What _they often _(d
6、o) on Saturdays? 7._ your parents _(read) newspapers every day? 8.The girl _(teach) us English on Sundays. 9.She and I _(take) a walk together every evening. 10.There _(be) some water in the bottle. 11.Mike _(like) cooking. 12.They _(have) the same hobby. 13.My aunt _(look) after her baby carefully.
7、 14.You always _(do) your homework well. 15.I _(be) ill. I m staying in bed. 16.She _(go) to school from Monday to Friday.17.Liu Tao _(do) not like PE. 18.The child often _(watch) TV in the evening. 19.Su Hai and Su Yang _(have) eight lessons this term. 20. What day _(be) it today? It s Saturday.三、按
8、照要求改写句子1.Daniel watches TV every evening.( 改为否定句 )_ 2.I do my homework every day.( 改为一般疑问句，作否定回答) _ 3.She likes milk.( 改为一般疑问句，作肯定回答)_ 4.Amy likes playing computer games.( 改为一般疑问句，作否定回答) _ 5.We go to school every morning.( 改为否定句 ) _ 6.He speaks English very well.( 改为否定句 ) _ 7.I like taking photos in
9、 the park.( 对划线部分提问) _ 8.John comes from Canada.(对划线部分提问)_ _ 9.She is always a good student.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答) _ 10.Simon and Daniel like going skating.( 改为否定句 ) _ 四、改错 (划出错误的地方，将正确的写在横线上) 1.Is your brother speak English? _ 2.Does he likes going fishing? _ 3.He likes play games after class. _ 4.Mr. Wu
10、teachs us English. _ 5.She don t do her homework on Sundays. _ 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 22 页小学英语语法【二】现在进行时现在进行时1现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。2现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词 ing. 3现在进行时的否定句在be后加 not。4现在进行时的一般疑问句把be 动词调到句首。5现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为：疑问词+ be + 主语+ 动词 ing?但疑问词当主
11、语时其结构为：疑问词 + be + 动词 ing? 标志词： look now listen It s +点钟动词加 ing 的变化规则1一般情况下，直接加ing，如： cook-cooking 2以不发音的e 结尾，去 e 加 ing， 如：make-making, taste-tasting ,write writing , ride riding ,havehaving comecoming dancedancing liveliving taketaking skateskating 3如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing，如： swimswimming
12、 beginbeginning run-running, sit sitting put putting getgetting shopshopping stop- stopping 现在进行时练习一、写出下列动词的现在分词：play_ run_ swim _make_go_ skate_ write_ ski_read_ have_ sing _ dance_put_ see_ buy _ love_live_ take_ come _ get_stop_ sit _ begin_ shop_ 二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：1.The boy _ ( draw)a picture now.
13、 2. Listen .Some girls _ ( sing)in the classroom . 3. My mother _ ( cook )some nice food now. 4. What _ you _ ( do ) now? 5. Look . They _( have) an English lesson . 6.They _(not ,water) the flowers now. 7.Look! the girls _(dance )in the classroom . 8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _(listen )
14、to music. 9. It s 5 o clock now. We _(have)supper now10._Helen_(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is . 三、句型转换：1. They are doing housework .( 分别改成一般疑问句和否定句) _ _ 2The students are cleaning the classroom . ( 改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答) _ _ 3I m playing the football in the playground .(对划线部分进行提问) _ 4Tom is reading books in
15、his study . ( 对划线部分进行提问) 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 22 页小学英语语法【三】一般将来时一、概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year ),soon, the day after tomorrow（后天）等。二、基本结构：be going to + do； will+ do. 三、 否定句：在be 动词（ am, is, are）后加 not 或情态动词will 后加 not
16、成 won t。例如： I m going to have a picnic this afternoon. I m not going to have a picnic this afternoon. 四、 一般疑问句：be或 will 提到句首， some改为 any, and 改为 or，第一二人称互换。例如： We are going to go on an outing this weekend. Are you going to go on an outing this weekend? 五、 对划线部分提问。一般情况，一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。1.问人。 Who 例如：
17、I m going to New York soon. Who s going to New York soon. 2.问干什么 。What do. 例如：My father is going to watch a race with me this afternoon. What is your father going to do with you this afternoon. 3.问什么时候。When.例如： She s going to go to bed at nine. When is she going to bed? 六、 同义句： be going to = will I
18、am going to go swimming tomorrow（明天） . = I will go swimming tomorrow. 练习：填空。1.我打算明天和朋友去野炊。I_ _ _ have a picnic with my friends.I _ have a picnic with my friends. 2.下个星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打篮球。What _ _ _ _ _ next Monday? I _ _ _ play basketball. What _ you do next Monday? I _ play basketball. 3.你妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是
19、，她要去买一些水果。_ your mother _ _ go shopping this _? Yes, she _. She _ _ _ buy some fruit. 4.你们打算什么时候见面。What time _ you _ _ meet? 改句子。5.Nancy is going to go camping. （改否定） Nancy _ going to go camping. 6.I ll go and join them.（改否定） I _ go _ join them. 7.I m going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.（改一般疑问句） _ _ _
20、to get up at 6:30 tomorrow? 8.We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30. （改一般疑问句）_ _ meet at the bus stop at 10:30. 9.She is going to listen to music after school. （对划线部分提问）_ _ she _ _ _ after school? 10.My father and mother are going to see a play the day after tomorrow.( 同上 ) _ _ going to see a play t
21、he day after tomorrow. 用所给词的适当形式填空。11.Today is a sunny day. We _ (have) a picnic this afternoon. 12.My brother _ (go) to Shanghai next week. 13.Tom often _(go) to school on foot. But today is rain. He _ (go) to school by bike. 14.What do you usually do at weekends? I usually _ (watch) TV and _(catch
22、) insects? 15.It s Friday today. What _she _ (do) this weekend? She _(watch) TV and_ (catch) insects.16.What _ (d0) you do last Sunday? I _ (pick) apples on a farm. What _ (do) next Sunday? I _ (milk) cows. 17.Mary _ (visit) her grandparents tomorrow. 18.Liu Tao _ (fly) kites in the playground yeste
23、rday. 19.David _ (give) a puppet show next Monday. 20.I _ (plan) for my study now 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 22 页小学英语语法【四】一般过去时一、一般过去时语法介绍1一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作感谢。2Be 动词在一般过去时中的变化：am 和 is 在一般过去时中变为was。（ was not=wasnt）are 在一般过去时中变为were。（
24、 were not=weren t）带有 was 或 were 的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are 一样，即否定句在was 或 were 后加 not，一般疑问句把was 或 were 调到句首。3句中没有be 动词的一般过去时的句子否定句： didn t +动词原形，如：Jim didn t go home yesterday.一般疑问句：在句首加did，句子中的动词过去式变回原形。如：Did Jim go home yesterday? 特殊疑问句：疑问词+did+ 主语 +动词原形？如：What did Jim do yesterday? 疑问词当主语时：疑问词+动词过去
25、式？如：Who went to home yesterday? 二、动词过去式变化规则1一般在动词末尾加-ed，如： pull-pulled, cook-cooked 2结尾是e 加 d，如： taste-tasted 3 末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加 -ed， 如： stop-stopped 4以 “ 辅音字母 +y” 结尾的，变y 为 i， 再加 -ed，如： study-studied 5不规则动词过去式：词义现在（原形）过去式词义现在（原形）过去式是am, is (be) was 忘记forget forgot 是are (be) were
26、 得到get got 成为become became 给give gave 开始begin began 走go went 弯曲bend bent 成长grow grew 吹blow blew 有have, has had 买buy bought 听hear heard 能can could 受伤hurt hurt 捕捉catch caught 保持keep kept 选择choose chose 知道know knew 来come came 学习learn learned, learnt 切cut cut 允许，让let let 做do, does did 躺lie lay 画draw dre
27、w 制造make made 饮drink drank 可以may might 吃eat ate 意味mean meant 感觉feel felt 会见meet met 发现find found 必须must must 飞fly flew 放置put put 读read read 将shall should 骑、乘ride rode 唱歌sing sang 响、鸣ring rang 坐下sit sat 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 22 页跑run ran 睡觉sleep slept 说say said 说speak s
28、poke 看见see saw 度过spend spent 扫sweep swept 三、过去时练习：写出下列动词的过去式isam_ fly_ plant_ are _drink_ play_ go_ make_does_ dance_ worry_ ask _taste_ eat_draw_ put _throw_ kick_ pass_ do _ 四、 Be 动词的过去时练习Be 动词练习一（一） 用 be动词的适当形式填空1. I _ at school just now. 2. He _ at the camp last week. 3. We _ students two years
29、ago.4. They _ on the farm a moment ago. 5. Yang Ling _ eleven years old last year. 6. There _ an apple on the plate yesterday. 7. There _ some milk in the fridge on Sunday. 8. The mobile phone _ on the sofa yesterday evening. （二）句型转换1. It was exciting. 否定句： _ 一般疑问句： _ 肯、否定回答：_ 2. All the students we
30、re very excited. 否定句： _ 一般疑问句：_ 肯、否定回答：_ Be 动词的过去时练习二（一）用be动词的适当形式填空1. I _ an English teacher now. 2. She _ happy yesterday. 3. They _ glad to see each other last month. 4. Helen and Nancy _ good friends. 5. The little dog _ two years old this year. 6. Look, there _ lots of grapes here. 7. There _ a
31、 sign on the chair on Monday. 8. Today _ the second of June. Yesterday _ the first of June. It _ Children s Day. All the students _ very excited.（二）句型转换1. There was a car in front of the house just now. 否定句： _ 一般疑问句：_ 肯、否定回答：_ 肯、否定回答：_ 中译英1我的故事书刚才还在手表旁边。_ 2 他们的外套上个星期放在卧室里了。_ 3一会以前花园里有两只小鸟。_ 五、行为动词的过
32、去时练习一（一）用行为动词的适当形式填空1. He _ (live) in Wuxi two years ago.2. The cat _ (eat) a bird last night. 3. We _ (have) a party last Halloween.4. Nancy _ (pick) up oranges on the farm last week. 5. I _ (make) a model ship with Mike yesterday.6. They _ (play) chess in the classroom last PE lesson. 7. My mother
33、 _ (cook) a nice food last Spring Festival.8. The girls _ (sing) and _ (dance) at the party. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 22 页（二）句型转换1. Su Hai took some photos at the Sports day.否定句：_ 一般疑问句：_ 肯、否定回答：_ 2. Nancy went to school early. 否定句： _ 一般疑问句：_ 肯、否定回答：_ 3. We sang some Engl
34、ish songs.否定句： _ 一般疑问句：_ 肯、否定回答：_ 行为动词的过去时练习二（一）用be动词的适当形式填空1. I _ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday.2. Her father _ (read) a newspaper last night. 3. We _ to zoo yesterday, we _ to the park. (go) 4. _ you _ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival? 5. _ he _ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he _. 6. Gao
35、 Shan _ (pull) up carrots last National Day holiday. 7. I _ (sweep) the floor yesterday, but my mother _. 8. What _ she _ (find) in the garden last morning? She _ (find) a beautiful butterfly. （二）句型转换1. They played football in the playground. 否定句： _ 一般疑问句：_ 肯、否定回答：_ 汉译英1. 格林先生去年住在中国。_ 2. 昨天我们参观了农场。_
36、 3. 他刚才在找他的手机。_ （一）用动词的适当形式填空1. It _ (be) Ben s birthday last Friday.2. We all _ (have) a good time last night. 3. He _ (jump) high on last Sports Day.4. Helen _ (milk) a cow on Friday. 5. She likes _ newspapers, but she _ a book yesterday. (read) 6. He _ football now, but they _ basketball just now
37、. (play) 7. Jim s mother _ (plant) trees just now. 8. _ they _ (sweep) the floor on Sunday? No, they _. 9. I _ (watch) a cartoon on Monday.10. We _ (go) to school on Sunday.一、用动词的适当形式填空1. It _ (be) the 2nd of November yesterday. Mr White _ (go) to his office by car. 2. Gao Shan _ (put) the book on h
38、is head a moment ago. 3. Don t _ the house. Mum _ it yesterday. (clean)4. What _ you _ just now? I _ some housework. (do) 5. They _ (make) a kite a week ago. 6. I want to _ apples. But my dad _ all of them last month. (pick) 7. _ he _ the flowers this morning? Yes, he _. (water) 8. She _ (be) a pret
39、ty girl. Look, she _ (do) Chinese dances. 9. The students often _ (draw) some pictures in the art room. 10.What _ Mike do on the farm? He _ cows. (milk) 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 22 页小学英语语法（五）（Have、Has 和 There be 结构）一、 Have、 Has 和 There be 结构1、There be 结构包括there is there a
40、re there was there were 2、意思都是 有。3、和 have、has、had 的区别：（1） There be 句型表示：在某地有某物（或人）（2）在 there be 句型中，主语是单数，be 动词用 is ; 主语是复数， be 动词用 are ; 如有几件物品， be 动词根据最近be 动词的那个名词决定。即遵循就近原则。（3） there be 句型的否定句在be 动词后加not , 一般疑问句把be 动词调到句首。（4）there be句型与 have(has) 的区别： there be 表示在某地有某物（或人）；have(has) 表示某人拥有某物。（5）
41、some 和 any 在 there be 句型中的运用：some 用于肯定句，any 用于否定句或疑问句。（6） and 和 or 在 there be句型中的运用：and 用于肯定句，or 用于否定句或疑问句。（7）针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：How many + 名词复数+ are there + 介词短语？How much + 不可数名词+ is there + 介词短语？（8）针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：Whats + 介词短语？（9） There be结构一般用在句子的开头，而have 等词只能用于某一个主语后面。Fill in the blank with “
42、 have,has ” or “ there is , there are”1. I_a good father and a good mother.2. _a telescope on the desk. 3. He_a tape-recorder.4. _a basketball in the playground. 5. She_some dresses.6. They_a nice garden. 7. What do you_?8. _a reading-room in the building? 9. What does Mike_?10. _any books in the bo
43、okcase? 11. My father_a story-book.12. _a story-book on the table. 13. _any flowers in the vase?14. How many students_in the classroom? 15. My parents_some nice pictures.16. _some maps on the wall. 17. _a map of the world on the wall.18. David_a telescope. 19. David s friends_some tents.20. _many ch
44、ildren on the hill.用恰当的be动词填空。1、There a lot of sweets in the box.2 、There some milk in the glass. 3、There some people under the the big tree.4、There a picture and a map on the wall. 5、There a box of rubbers near the books.6、There lots of flowers in our garden last year. 7、There a tin of chicken behi
45、nd the fridge yesterday.8 、There four cups of coffee on the table. Fill in the blank with “ have, has ”1. I_ a nice puppet.2. He_a good friend. 3. They_ some masks.4. We_some flowers. 5. She_ a duck.6. My father_ a new bike. 7. Her mother_a vase.8. Our teacher_ an English book. 9. Our teachers_a bas
46、ketball.10. Their parents_some blankets 11. Nancy_many skirts.12. David_some jackets. 13. My friends_a football.14. What do you_? 15. What does Mike_?16. What do your friends_? 17. What does Helen_?18. His brother_a basketball. 19. Her sister_a nice doll.20. Miss Li_an English book. 精选学习资料 - - - - -
47、 - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 22 页小学英语语法复习要点1名词可数名词 ：表示可以具体个别存在的人或物。可数名词有单复数形式，其单数形式与不定冠词a/an 连用。可数名词复数规则：1一般情况下，直接加-s，如： book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds 2以 s. x. sh. ch 结尾，加 -es，如： bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches 3以 “ 辅音字母 +y” 结尾，变 y 为 i, 再加 -es，如： family-families
48、, strawberry-strawberries 4以 “f或 fe ”结尾，变f 或 fe 为 v, 再加 -es，如： knife-knives 5以结尾 o 的通常有生命的加-es, 无生命的加 -s 如：两人三物：黑人 Negro、英雄 hero ，马铃薯potato 、西红柿tomato 、芒果 mango 。6不规则名词复数：man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet, tooth-teeth fish-fish, p
49、eople-people, sheep-sheep, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 不可数名词 ：表示不能个别存在的事物，如液体类，气体类的物质；少数固体类的物质（grass 草， ice冰） ，抽象的名词 （help 帮助， music 音乐） 。不可数名词没有复数（如 some water）,不能与不定冠词a/an连用。不可数名词 :paper juice water milk rice tea bread hair orange time chicken 1、不可数名词没有复数形式。2.、数量 +容器 + of + 不可数名词如： a cup of
50、 tea 一杯茶数量 +单位 +of+不可数名词如： a piece of bread 一片面包练习：一瓶水两瓶水一袋大米三袋大米一盒牛奶四盒牛奶一张纸十张纸一公斤鸡肉十五公斤鸡肉写出下列各词的复数photo _ diary _ day_ dress _ thief _ yo-yo _ peach_ juice_ water _ rice_ tea _ man_ woman_ banana _ bus_ child _ foot _ sheep _ leaf(树叶 ) _ dish _ knife _ pen_ boy_ baby_ map _ city _ box _ book _ clas