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1、数词、冠词讲解和训练一 . 冠词的用法冠词是虚词,放在名词之前,用来说明名词指的人或事物。冠词有两种。A(an)叫不定冠词, the 叫定冠词。 A 用在辅音之前,an 用在元音之前。1. 不定冠词的用法(1) a 和 an 均用在单数名词之前,表示某一类人或事物。例如:John is a student. Mary is an English teacher. (2) 指某一类人或事物中的任何一个。例如: A steel worker makes steel. Pass me an apple , please. (3) 指某人或某物,但不具体说明何人或和物。例如:A student wan
2、ts to see you. A girl is waiting for you outside. (4) 表示 “ 每一 ” 的意思,相当于every。例如:Take the medicine three times a day. They go to see their parents once a week. 2. 定冠词用法(1) 特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。例如:The book on the desk is an English dictionary. Beijing is the capital of China. (2) 指说话人和听话人都熟悉的人或事物。例如:Open th
3、e door, please. Jack is in the library. (3) 上文提到过的人或事物。例如:Yesterday John s father bought him a new bike. The bike cost him 200 y uan. (4) 表示世界上独一无二的事物。例如:The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. (5) 用在序数词和形容词最高级之前。例如:Shanghai is the biggest city in China. January is the first month of the yea
4、r. (6) 用在某些形容词之前,表示某一类人或事物。例如:The nurse is kind to the sick. We should take good care of the old. (7) 用在某些专有名词之前和某些习惯用语中。例如:the Great Wall, the Summer palace, in the morning , in the open air 等。(8) 用在姓氏复数之前,表示“ 某某一家人 ” ,“ 某某夫妇 ” 。例如:the Browns, the whites 等。3. 不用冠词的情况(1) 某些专有名词,抽象名词和物质名词前一般不用冠词。例如:C
5、hina, Canada, Japanese , glass, water, love 等。(2) 名词前已有作定语用的this, that, my, your, whose, some, any, no, each,every 等代词时,不用冠词。例如:精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 5 页That is my cap. I have some questions. Go down this street. (3) 复数名词表示一类人或事物时,不用冠词。They are workers. We are students
6、. (4) 称呼语前不用冠词,表示头衔和职务的名词前也不加冠词。例如:I don t feel well today , Mother. Bush was made president of the U.S. (5) 三餐饭的名称前,球类活动,学科和节目名词前,常不用冠词。例如:I have lunch at home. He often plays football after class. We have English and maths every day. (6) 在某些固定词组里,名词之前常不用冠词。例如:By air, at night, at home, go to bed,
7、go to school, on foot , from morning till night 等。二. 数词的用法数词分基数词和序数词。基数词表示数目,序数词表示顺序。1. 基数词的用法(1) 基数词在句中主要用作主语、宾语、定语、表语、同位语,例如:Thirty of them are Party members. (主语)- How many would you like?- Three ,please (作宾语)The nine boys are from Tianj ing. (定语)Six plus four is ten. (表语)We four will go with you
8、. (同位语)(2) 表示一个具体数字时,hundred, thousand, million 一律不用复数;在表示一个不确定数字时则用复数。例如:Our country has a population of 1 ,300 million people. There are three thousand students in our school. After the war , thousands of people became homeless. Maize is the most important food crop for millions of people in the w
9、orld. They arrived in twos and threes (3) 表示 “ 十” 的数词的复数形式可用来表示人的岁数或年代,例如:He is in his early thirties He died still in his forties This took place in the1930s (4) 表示时刻用基数词。例如:We get up at six. The workers begin work at eight. (5) 表示 “ 几点过几分 ” ,用介词 past,但须在半小时以内。例如:ten past ten,a quarter past nine,精选
10、学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 5 页half past twelve (6) 表示 “ 几点差几分 ” 用介词 to, 但分数须在半小时以上。例如:twenty to nine ,five to eight ,a quarter to ten (7) 表示 “ 几点几分 ” 还可直接用基数词。例如:seven fifteen,eleven thirty ,nine twenty 2. 序数词的用法(1)序数词主要用作定语,前面要加定冠词,例如:The first truck is carrying a foot baske
11、ts John lives on the fifteenth floor (2)序数词有时前面可加不定冠词来表示“ 再一 ” ,“ 又一 ” 这样的意思,例如:We ll have to do it a second timeShall I ask him a third time ?When I sat down, a fourth man rose to speak(3) 由几个序数词和基数词在拼写时不对应,很容易写错, 应特别注意。 它们是:one-first ,two-second, three-third , five-fifth , eight-eighth , nine-nint
12、h , twelve-twelfth 。(4)表示年,月,日时,年用基数词表示,日用序数词表示。例如:1949 年十月一日读作: October (the) first , nineteen sixty 20XX 年九月十日读作:September (the) tenth, two thousand and four (5)表示分数时,分子用基数词表示,分母用序数词表示。分子大于1 时,分母加 -s。例如:three fourths,one second,two fifths (6)序数词有时用缩写形式:first1stsecond 2ndthird 3rdfourth 4thtwenty-s
13、econd 22nd 【演练】1. This morning I had _ egg and a bottle of milk for my breakfast. A. anB. aC. theD./ 2. -What s the matter with you?-I caught _ bad cold and had to stay in _. A. a;/B. a; theC. a; aD. the; the 3. -Have you seen _ pen? I left it here this morning. -Is it _ _ black one? I think I saw i
14、t somewhere. A. a; theB. the; theC. the; aD. a; 4. _ sun is shining brightly. A. AB. AnC. TheD. / 5. There is _ “h” in the word hour.精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 5 页A. aB. theC. anD./ 6. Did you enjoy your stay in Xian? Yes. I had _ wonderful time. A. aB. anC. theD. 7. _ sun
15、is bigger than _ earth. A. A; theB. A; anC. T he; anD. The; the 8. There is _ apple and some pears on the table. A. theB./C. aD. an 9. David has _ cat. Its very nice.A. aB. anC. theD./ 10. I m reading _ novel. It is _ interesting story. A. a; anB. a; aC. the; theD. /; an 11. It is said that SARS has
16、 killed more than _ people worldwide. A. three hundredsB. three hundredsC. three hundredsD. three hundred 12. -How many workers are there in your factory? -There are two _. A. hundredsB. hundredC. hundred ofD. hundreds of 13. -Which is the smallest number of the four? -_. A. Two-thirdsB. A halfC. A
17、quarterD. Three-fourths 14. -What do you think of a war , Li Ming? -I ve no idea. But its a fact that _ people had to leave their hometown during the War on Iraq. A . three thousandsB. thousand of C. thousands ofD. several thousands 15. We all think that the _ century will bring us more hopes. A. tw
18、enty-firstB. twentieth-first C. twenty-oneD. twentieth-one 16. -Can you write the number eighty-five thousand , six hundred and twenty-six? -Yes, it is _. A. 856620B. 85626C. 58662D. 58626 17. When was the PRC founded? It was founded on _. A. July 1 , 1921B. October 1, 1949 C. August 1, 1927D. May 1
19、 , 1922 18. I was 8 years old when my father was 31. This year my father is twice my age. How old am I? A. 21B. 22C. 23D. 24 19. _ Chinese are looking for ways to learn English well before Beijing 2008 Olympics. A. ThousandB. ThousandsC. Thousand ofD. Thousands of 20. Both of the two rulers are broken. I want to buy a _one. A. threeB. thirdC. forthD. / 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 5 页【练习答案】1.A 2.A 3.D 4.C 5.C 6.A 7.D 8.D 9.A 10.A 11.D 12.B 13.C 14.C 15.A 16.B 17.B 18.C 19.D 20.B精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 5 页