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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载【宾语从句】（一）宾语从句的种类宾语从句是一种名词性从句,在句中作及物动词的宾语,或介词的宾语,或形容词的宾语；依据引导宾语从句的不同连词,宾语从句可分为三类 ；1. 由 that 引导的宾语从句； that 只有语法作用,没有实在的意义,在口语 和非正式文体中可以省略；例如：He said that he wanted to stay at home. She doesn t know that she is seriously ill.I am sure that he will succeed. 2. 由连接代词 who
2、, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词 when, where, why, how引导的宾语从 句；这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分；例如：He asked whose handwriting was the best. Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is. I don t know why the train is late.3. 由 if 或 whether 引导的宾语从句； if 和 whether在句中的意思是 “ 是否” ；例如：I want to know if whether he lives
3、 there. He asked me whether if I could help him. 注：只能用 weather不能用 if 的情形Case1:weather引导的从句常可以与连词or 或 or not 直接连用；Let me know weather you can come or not. Let me know if you can come or not. Case2:宾语从句提到句首时,只能用 weather引导；Weather it is true or not,I can t tell. If it is true or not,I can t tell. Case3
4、:weather可以引导带 to 的不定式；I don t know weather to accept or to refused. I don t know if to accept or to refused. Case4:介词之后引导的宾语从句只能用 weather；I worry about weather I hurt her feelings. I worry about if I hurt her feelings. （二）宾语从句的语序 宾语从句的语序应为 陈述句的语序 ；例如：I think that you will like this school soon. Can
5、you w I can get to zoo. Please tell me when wetell me holl have the meeting. （三）宾语从句的时态 1. 假如 主句的时态是一般现在时,宾语从句该用什么时态就用什么时态；t think that you are right. 如： I don Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station. Do you think he will come tomorrow. 2. 假如主句 的时态是一般过去时, 宾语从 句只能用相应的过去时态 （一般过去时, 过去进行时,过
6、去将来时,过去完成时）；例如：He asked what time it was. He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet. He asked if you had written to Peter. 3. 假如宾语从句所陈述的是 客观真理 ,其时态常用一般现在时；例如：名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year. Scie
7、ntists have proved that the earth turns around the sun. 4.假如主句的时态是一般将来时,宾语从句为一般现在时；假如主句的时态是过去将来时,宾语从句为一般过去式；Exercise1: 1. I dont know _ he will come tomorrow. _ he comes, Ill tell youA. if; Whether B. whether; Whether C. if; That D. if; If 2. I dont know _ the day after tomorrow. A. when does he com
8、e B. how will he come C. if he comes D. whether hell come 3. Could you tell me _ the nearest hospital is. A. what B. how C. whether D. where 4. Could you tell me _ the radio without any help. A. how did he mend B. what did he mend C. how he mended D. what he mended 5. I want to know _. A. whom is sh
9、e looking after B. whom she is looking C. whom is she looking D. whom she is looking after 6. Do you know where _ now. A. he lives B. does he live C. he lived D. did he live 7. Do you know what time _. A. the train leave B. does the train leave C. will the train leave D. the train leaves 8. I dont k
10、now _. Can you tell me, please. A. how the two players are old B. how old are the two players C. the two players are how old D. how old the two players are 9. The small children dont know _. A. what is their stockings in C. where is their stockings in 10. I cant understand_. A. what does Christmas m
11、ean C. what mean Christmas does B. what is in their stockings D. what in their stockings B. what Christmas does mean D. what Christmas means 11. Excuse me. Could you tell me _. Yes. There is a video shop on River Road. A. where can I buy some CDs B. where I can buy some CDs C. when can I buy some CD
12、s D. when I can buy some CDs 12. Mrs Brown couldnt find her purse. She didnt remember _.A. whose it was B. where it was C. what it was D. when it was 13. Could you tell me _ tomorrow morning. Well, it will start at 9 oclock.A. when the film will start C. when will the film start B. where will the fi
13、lm starts D. where the film will start 14. 一 Paul,I hear you have just bought a very expensive MP4I want to know Oh,in JapanA. how much it costs B. where you bought it C. which country is it made in 第 2 页,共 8 页15. Can you guess the MP4 player yesterday . Sorry , Ive no idea about it . A. how much di
14、d he pay for B .how can he get 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载C. how much he paid for D. how he has got 16. Excuse me. Where does Mr. Wang live. Im sorry. I dont know_ A. where he lives B. where he live C. where does he live s on your left. 17. Could you tell me _, please. Yes
15、. Walk along Zhongshan Road for about 300 metres. ItA. how can I get to Hualian Supermarket B. how I can get to Hualian Supermarket C. how did I get to Hualian Supermarket D. how I got to Hualian Supermarket 18. Please tell me_. I have some good news for him. A. where Robert lives B. where does Robe
16、rt live C. where Robert lived D. where did Robert live 19. Excuse me, could you tell me _. Sorry, sir. I wasnt there at that time.A. how did the accident happen C. how does the accident happen B. how the accident happened D. how the accident happens 20. Excuse me, sir. Could you tell me . A. where i
17、s the bank nearest B. where is the nearest bank C. where the nearest bank is D. the nearest bank is where 21. What did Mike say. He said _. A. if you were free the next week B. what colour was it C. the weather is fine D. summer comes after spring 22. Tom asked my friend _. A. where was he from B. t
18、hat the earth is bigger than the moon C. when did he come back D. not to be so angry 23. Let me tell you _. A. how much is the car C. how much did I pay for the car B. how much does the car cost D. how much I spent on the car 24. Peter knew _. A. whether he has finished reading the book B. why the b
19、oy had so many questions C. there were 12 months in a year D. when they will leave for Paris Exercise2: 1、Do you know how much hot water _. AMum is needed Bdoes Mum need CMum needs Ddid Mum need 2、Can you tell me_. Awhere he is Bwhere is he Che is where Dwhat is he 3、I didnt know how_to London. Awou
20、ld they go Bare they going Cthey would go Dthey are going 4、I want to know how long_Ahas he been back Bhas he come back Che has been back Dhe has come back 5、Do you know_. Awhat the news are Bwhat is the news Cwhat the news is Dwhat are the news 6、He said he would help me with my maths if he_freeAwa
21、s Bwill be Cwould be Dis 7、He will write to you as soon as he _to Shanghai名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - AgetsBis gettingCwill get学习必备欢迎下载Dshall get 8、Father_music when he_young Aliked was Bl iked isClikes was Dlikes is9、I liked sports_I was youngAso much as Bso much that Cv
22、ery much when Dvery much because 10、_ mother got home, I was tidying my roomAAfter BWhen CAs soon as DBefore 11、The teacher didnt begin her class_the students stopped talkingAuntil Bbecause Cafter Dwhen 12、If it_tomorrow , well go to the Great wallAdoesnt rain Bwont rain Cnot rains Disnt rain 13、Cou
23、ld you tell me_we get to the plane. Ahow Bwhether Cwhere Dwhat 14、When they got to the cinema, the film_for the ten minutesAhad been on Bhas begun Cbegan Dhad begun 15、The teacher says_she will leave a message on the headmasters deskAifBwhoCthatDwhat 第 4 页,共 8 页16、Lucy looks stronger_LilyAthanB asCt
24、henDnot as 17、I know nothing about it _he told meAbecauseBsinceCuntilDafter 18、You must make your new house clean and safe _you move inAbecause BwhenCbeforeDuntil 19、I was_tired_I couldnt walk onAso thatBtoo toCvery thatDvery to20、I thought he_to see his mother if hetimeAwill go hasBwill go will hav
25、eCwould go would haveDwould go had名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载句子成分句子成分：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语等；主要成分：主语和谓语1、主语一个句子中需要加以说明或描述的对象；主语的位置：一般位于句首,由名词、代词、数词或相当于名词的词、短语等充当；The school is far from here. 名词做主语She goes to school by bike. 代词做主语Eight is a lucky number. 数词做主语The blind need
26、more help. 名词化的形容词做主语There is a pen on the desk. 名词做主语Predicting the future is interesting. 动名词做主语To be a doctor is my dream. 不定式短语做主语2、谓语表示人或事物 主语 的动作和存在的状态 . 英语中由动词 be、动词 have 和行为动词来充当谓语动词句子的时态和语态是通过谓语表现出来；谓语动词往往由一个或一个以上的助动词或情态动词加上主要动词构成；分析句子的主语和谓语Mr. Li teaches English. He can play the piano. My
27、parents and I are having dinner. 3、表语用来说明主语的身份、特点、性质、状态；表语的位置用在动词 be 和系动词的后面；名词、代词、数词、介词短语、副词等都可以和连系动词一起构成复合谓语；Your pen is on the desk. He got very angry. My dream is to have a robot. 常见的系动词1. be 动词名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载2. 与感觉有关的动词 look, sound, smell, taste
28、, feel 等3. 表示状态变化的动词,意为“变得 ”变成 ” 如 get, grow, turn 等上述两类词作连系动词时要用形容词作表语 ,千万不能用副词 ；4、宾语是动作的对象或承担者；及物动词必需跟宾语 . 及物动词 :直接接宾语的谓语动词 . 不及物动词 :不能直接带宾语的谓语动词 . 宾语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、从句构成 . I saw a plane in the sky just now. 名词做宾语I want three. 数词做宾语I like going shopping. 动名词做宾语We think predicting the future is
29、hard. 宾语从句5、宾语补足语（宾补）有些及物动词除了要有一个宾语之外, 仍须加上一个补足语；假如没有补足语宾补 , 有时候句子的意思就不完整；充当宾补的有 : 1. 形容词作宾语补足语The sun keeps us warm. 2. 介词短语作宾语补足语 : I found her in the room. 3. 副词作宾语补足语；Please let him in. 4. 名词作宾语补足语；We made him monitor of the class. 5. 动词不定式和分词也能用作宾语补足语；I asked him to come. 6、定语定语修饰名词或代词 即在汉语里的 的
30、 1. 形容词作定语 一般放在被修饰语之前 ,修饰不定代词时放在后面 They have a clever son. I have something important to tell you. 2. 名词作定语 : Is it a color film. 名词作定语一般用单数形式, 如:第 6 页,共 8 页名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - school bus,ticket office, paper flowers 学习必备欢迎下载但也有例外 ,如 : sports meeting, clothes shop man 和 woma
31、n 修饰的名词假如是复数,它们总以复数的形式作定语,如: men drivers , women doctors 3. 代词作定语 : This song is better than that one. 4. 数词作定语 : There are only thirty students in our class. 带有数字的复合形容词.当复合形容词用连字号连接时,其中的名词要用单数形式. a two-day holiday a three-year-old boy 5. 副词作定语 放在被修饰词之后: Do you know the young man over there. 6. 介词短语
32、作定语放在被修饰词之后: The students in our class like swimming. 7、状语修饰动词 ,形容词或副词,有的修饰全句, 用以说明地点, 时间 , 方式 , 程度 , 缘由 , 目的 , 结果 , 条件 , 让步等. 1. 副词作状语 : The old man is walking slowly. 表方式 The boy is very clever. 表程度 2. 介词短语作状语 : 表时间 I have lived in Shanghai for five years.3. 不定式作状语 I come here to see you. 表目的 4. 现
33、在分词作状语 The teacher came in, holding a book in his hand. 表方式 5. 状语从句Well go shopping if it doesnt rain tomorrow.状语的位置1. 在一般情形下 ,用于句末；We like our school very much. 2.为了强调状语 ,可以把它放在句首 . I usually get up at six, but this morning I got up at eight. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - -
34、学习必备 欢迎下载 3. 表频度的副词通常用于句中 , 如 always, usually, often, hardly, never, 用于行为动词前 ,be 动词、助动词和情态动词后 I usually get up early. He is often late. 一些副词 , 如 already, once, just, soon, yet, still, nearly, almost, really, suddenly, certainly 等用法相像sometimes, now 可以位于句首 ,句中或句末 only 在句中的位置比较敏捷 , 但位置不同 , 意义也不同 . The
35、actor only sang a song. Only the actor sang a song. The actor sang only one song. 两个或多个状语同时修饰时的次序1. 地点状语在前 , 时间状语在后 . We will have a meeting in Room 202 tomorrow. 2. 较小单位的状语在前 ,由小到大 Mr. Li lives at 88 Chongwen Rd., Suzhou, Jiangsu. 3. 一个句子有几个不同种类的副词作状语, 其次序大都是 : 程度副词 ,方式副词 , 地点副词 , 时间副词She sang very well at the meeting last night. 时间和地点状语也可以位于句首 , 表示强调或使上下文更为连贯Usually I read the newspapers in the morning, but yesterday I read them in the evening. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 8 页