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1、精品资料欢迎下载现在完成时精讲和专练I.定义：表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，也可以表示过去已经开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态II.现在完成时的结构肯定句： have/has+ done (过去分词 ) 否定句：主语+have/has+not+ done (过去分词 )+其他 . 一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语 + done (过去分词 )+其他 . 简略答语 : Yes, 主语+ have/has.(肯定 ) No, 主语+ havent/hasnt.(否定 ) 注意：表示短暂时间动作的词，如:come，go，die，marry，buy 等的完成时不能与for，si
2、nce 等表示一段时间的词连用。用来持续的动作或状态或表过去重复的动作，如 live ， study，be， wait 等，常和since（自从）或for（经历）引导的词语连用。如： I have lived here for more than thirty years. 我已在此住了30 多年。III.现在完成时的标志1.现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响, 现在完成时通常和，ever, never, twice （ once ）, so far（到目前为止） , since，for，in the past/last few years（在过去几年）, already（肯定
3、句）, yet（ 否定， 疑问句） , just( 刚刚 ), before（以前） , recently（近来）等词连用说明： already 与 yet 都有 “ 已经 ” 的意思，但already 常用于肯定句，并用于句中。yet常用于否定句和疑问句，并用于句末。例如：I have already finished my homework. I haven t finished my homework yet. Have you finished your homework yet?They have left. ( 他们已经离开了,也就是说现在他们人不在这里) I have had m
4、y lunch. ( 我已经吃过午饭了,也就是说我现在不饿) I can t find my watch now. I think I have already lost it.2.过去已经开始的动作一直延续到现在, 甚至有可能继续延续下去,我们可以从动作“ 延续” 的特性和 “ 时间 ” 点段的区分入手。for+时段since+过去一个时间点（过去从句）为标志注意：1)现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用, 如 yesterday, last week, three years ago 等; 2)不能与 when 连用IV.现在完成时的用法A表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结
5、果，强调对现在造成的影想或结果）。例如：The car has arrived.车子来了。（结果：车子已在门口）Someone has broken the window.有人把窗户打破了。（结果：窗户仍破着）B. 表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括 “ 现在 ” 在内）的一段时间的状语连用,如 for+时间段、 since+过去的时间点、疑问词 how long 等。 例如：My uncle has worked at this factory for five years. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 -
6、- - - - - -第 1 页，共 7 页精品资料欢迎下载我叔叔在这个工厂工作已经五年了。Mr. Black has lived in China since 2002. 自从 20XX 年 Mr. Black 一直住在中国。How long have you been here? 你来这里多久了？注意：此种用法中表示持续动作或状态的动词必须是延续性动词（否定句除外） 。例如： (1)这本书我已经买了三个月了。错误： I have bought the book for three months. 正确： I have had the book for three months. (2)你哥
7、哥参军多长时间了？错误： How long has your brother joined the army? 正确： How long has your brother been in the army/been a soldier? 延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换leave - be away borrow - keep buy - have die - be dead begin/start - be on finish - be over fall ill -be ill get up-be up catch a cold - have a cold put on wearcome
8、/become/go - be here fall asleep - be asleep get to/ arrive/reach - be (in) get to know - know join-be a member of . (成为 的一员 ) open -be open close -be closed 用相应的延续性动词替换短暂性动词，句中谓语动词用现在完成时，时间状语为“for 时间段 ” 或“since 时间点 ” 。如：He has been in the Green China for three years. He has been a member of the Gre
9、en China for three years. 他加入 “ 绿色中国 ” 已经三年了。The old man died 4 years ago.- The old man has been dead for 4 years. He joined the Party 2 years ago.- He has been in the Party for 2 years. I bought the book 5 days ago.- I have had the book for 5 days. 表示时间段的短语有: for+一段时间 (for 2 years), since+ 从句 (sinc
10、e he came here), since+时间点名词 ( since last year, since 5 days ago),how long; for a long time 等。V.现在完成时态与一般过去时态的区别1 一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。I saw this film yesterday. （强调动作发生的时间是yesterday 。 ）I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）2 一般过去时和表示过去的时间状语连用，如： ag
11、o, last week/.In 2008, in the past, just now, the day before yesterday, yesterday . Then(那时 ),that day, one day, once(从前 ) 现在完成时常和recently （近来），ever, never, twice, so far （到目前为止） , since，for，in the past/last few years , already （肯定句）, yet（否定，疑问句）, just( 刚刚 ), before （以前）连用。现在完成时不与表示过去的时间状语连用。现在完成时可表
12、示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 7 页精品资料欢迎下载VI.比较 since和 for since 后接时间点，for 后接时间段，试比较：I have lived here for more than twenty years. I have lived here since I was born. My aunt has worked in a company since 1949. I ha
13、ve not heard from my uncle for a long time. VII. 比较have/has been to、have/has gone to 和 have been in have(has) been to.表示 “ 曾去过某地， 已经从那里回来了” ， 可以和 ever、never、twice 等连用。have(has) gone to 表示 “ 已经去了某地，在去那里的途中或到达那里还没有回来” 。have(has) been in 表示 “ 在某地呆多长时间” ，常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如：since, for, how long 等He went to
14、Shanghai last week 上周他去了上海He has been to Shanghai. 他(曾经 )到 /去过上海 .(但他人现在肯定不是在上海而是回来了) He has gone to Shanghai. 他已经去上海了.(也许刚动身出发,也许已经到了,也许还在路上 ,反正他人不在这里) Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生来上海已经有三天了精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 7 页精品资料欢迎下载语法练习I.延续性动词和瞬间性动词之间的转化1
15、.He died 10 years ago. He _ for 10 years / since 10 years ago. 2. He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago. He _the book for 2 weeks. 3. He bought the motorbike a month ago. He _the motorbike for a month. 4. He arrived here three days ago. He _here since three days ago. 5. They turned off the light 2 hours
16、ago. The light _for 2 hours. 6. He left here 2 years ago. He _from here for 2 years. 7. The film began 30 minutes ago. The film _ for 30 minutes. 8. They opened the door an hour ago. The door _ for an hour. 9. They closed the door an hour ago. The door _for an hour. 10. He joined the army last year.
17、 He _ a _ for a year. He _ the army for a year. It _ a year _ he joined the army. II.单项选择。( )1. The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year . . is writing .was writing .wrote .has written ( )2. Have you met Mr. Li _ ？. Just . ago .before .a moment ago ( )3. How long have you _ here ? About
18、 two months . . been . gone . come . arrived ( )4. Our country _ a lot so far . Yes. I hope it will be even _ . . has changed ; well . changed ; good . has changed ; better . changed; better ( )5. _ you _ your homework yet ? Yes. I _ it a moment ago. .Did; do; finished .Have; done; finished .Have; d
19、one; have finished . will; do; finish ( )6. We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . . know . had known . have known . knew ( )7. Harry Potter is a very nice film. I _ twice. . will see . have seen . saw .see ( )8. These farmers have been to the United States . Really? When _ there ? . will they g
20、o .did they go . do they go . have they gone ( )9. Zhou Lang _already _in this school for two years . . was ; studying . will ; study . has ; studied . are; studying ( )10.His father _ the Party since 1998 . .joined . has joined . was in . has been in ( )11. Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends
21、 since ten years ago . . were . have been . have become . have made ( )12.He has _ been to Shanghai, has he ? . already .never .ever . still ( )13.Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes . . has begun . had begun . has been on . began 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 7 页精品资料欢迎下载( )1
22、4.It _ ten years since he left the army . . Is . has . will . was ( )15.Miss Green isnt in the office. She_ to the library. .has gone . went .will go . has been ( )16.My parents _ Shandong for ten years. . have been in . have been to. have gone to . have been ( )17.The students have cleaned the clas
23、sroom, _? A. so they B. don t they C. have they D. haven t they( )18.has Mr. White been a member of Greener China since he to China? A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived ( )19.His uncle for more than 9 years. A. has come here B. has started to work C. has lived
24、there D. has left the university 二、句型转换。1、 He has never surfed, _ ?（改成附加疑问句）2、 They have been here since 2001. (提问 ) _ have they been here? 3、 The old man _ last year. He _for a year. (die) （动词填空）4、 This factory opened twenty years ago.( 同义句转换 ) This factory _ for twenty years. 5、 Miss Green left an
25、 hour ago. ( 同义句转换 ) Miss Green _ an hour ago. 6、 Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同义句）Her mother _ the Party three years _ . 三、汉译英。1、他昨天收到一封信。_ 2、我父亲以前到过长城。_ 4、她去过上海。_ 5、他这些天上哪儿去了？_ 现在完成时练习：一、单项选择。10、_ you _ your homework yet ? Yes . I _ it a moment ago . A.Did ; do ; finished B
26、.Have ; done ; finished C.Have ; done ; have finished D.will ; do ; finish 11、 His father _ the Party since 1978 . A. joined B. has joined C. was in D. has been in 12、Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . A. were B. have been C. have become D. have made 21.When he arrived a
27、t the bus stop, the bus _ for 20 minutes. A. has left B. had left C. has been away D. had been away 22. I _ the League for 5 years so far. A. joined B. have joined C. have been in 23.The factory _ since the February of 1988. A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened 24.Mary and Rose _fri
28、ends since they met in 2000. A. have made B. have been C. made D. have become 26.The meeting _ for a week now. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 7 页精品资料欢迎下载A. has finished B. has ended C. has been over 27.Miss Gao _ this school for nearly 5 years. A. has been in B. has come to C.
29、has taught 30. How long _ he _ ? A. died B. has, died C. has, been dead 31. He _ at eight yesterday afternoon. A. slept B. was sleeping C. has sleep D. had slept 32.He _ the car for a week. A. bought B. has bought C. has had 33.-How long _ you _ ill ? -Two weeks. A. did fall B. have, fell C. have, b
30、een 35.Ill lend you the book , but you can only _ it for 2 days. A. borrow B. keep C. take 40.- How long can I _ the book? - Two weeks. A. borrow B. lend C. get D. keep 二、句型转换。1、 He has never surfed, _?（改成反意疑问句）4、 This factory opened twenty years ago.( 同义句转换 ) This factory _ for twenty years. 6、 Her
31、 mother has been a Party member for three years .（同义句）Her mother _ the Party three years _ . 7、 The Green Family moved to France two years ago. ( 同义句转换 ) _ two years _ the Green family moved to France. 一、用过去时或现在完成时填空：1. “ _ you _ (have) lunch ?” “ Yes. ”“ When _ you _ (have) it?” “ I _ (have) it at
32、12:00.”2. “ _ you _ (write) a letter to your aunt yet?”“ Yes, I _. I _ (write) one last week.”3. “ _ he _ (finish) his homework?” “ Not yet.”4. “ _ they ever _ (be) abroad?” “ Yes, just once.”5. Your father _ just _ (finish) his work. 6. Your father _ (finish) his work just now. 7. Last term I _ (le
33、arn) many English words. 8. They _ (not read) the interesting books yet. 9. He _ never _ (go) to the science museum. 10. _ you ever _ (drink) coke? 11.Have you _ (buy) a dictionary? “ “ Yes, I _ .”“ Where_ you _(buy) it?” “ I _(buy) it in a bookstore.”“ When _ you _ (buy) it?” “ Yesterday.”二、用 since
34、 和 for 填空1. _ two years 2._ two years ago 3. _ last month 4._ 1999 5._ yesterday 6. _ 4 o clock 7. _ 4 hours 9. _ we were children 11._ she left here12. He has lived in Nanjing _ the year before last. 13. I ve known him _ we were children.14. Our teacher has studied Japanese _ three years. 15. She h
35、as been away from the city _ about ten years. 16. It s about ten years _ she left the city.三、用 have/has been to/in, have gone to 及 go 的各种形式填空。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 7 页精品资料欢迎下载1) Where is Jack? He _ his country. 2) David _ the park just now. 3) John _ England since he c
36、ame back. 4) How long _ have _ this village? 5) The Smiths _ Beijing for years. 6) _ you ever _ America? - Yes, I _ there many times. 7) I _ this school since three years ago. 8) Where is Jim? He _ the farm. 9) When_ he _? He _ an hour ago. 10) Would you like to _ the zoo with me? -Yes, but I _ ther
37、e before. 11) Where _ you _ now? - I _ the zoo. 12) He often _ swimming. 13) _ you _ there last year? 14) _ they often _ skating in winter? 四、综合练习: I. 用 never, ever, already, yet, for, since 填空1. I have _ seen him before, so I have no idea about him. 2. Jack has _ finished his homework _ an hour ago. 3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school _ ten years. 4. “ Have you _ seen the film?” “ No, I have _ seen it.”5. “ Has the bus left _?” “ Yes, it has _ left.”精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 7 页