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1、英语定语从句一定语从句的理解：定语概念： _划出下列定语a tall building the book on the desk anything important the girl in red 如果定语 _，便称为定语从句。I know the girl. The girl is in red. (两个简单句 ) I know the girl who is in red. （定语从句）被修饰的词是 _。这个词就称为先行词 。其中连接两个句子的是_，称为 关系词 。关系词在从句中指代先行词，并在从句中充当一定的成分，观察上句，关系词在从句中充当_。附：关系词与先行词的关系：关系词和先行词
2、密切相关，因为关系词用来指代先行词，并且在从句中充当一定的成分。定语从句中常用的关系词有：关系代词_ 关系代词在从句中可充当_，_或_；关系副词_ (表示时间 ) _ (表示地点 ) _ (表示原因 ) 关系副词在从句中充当状语。结论：关系词常有三个作用：1、_2、_3、_二按关系词种类学习（一）关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词一览表关系词所做成分例句练习一精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 11 页1. This is the man _ helped me.2. The doctor _ you are looking f
3、or is in the room.5. The building _ stands near the river is our school.6. This is the book _ you want.7. The room in _ there is a machine is a workshop.8. This is the boy _ broke the window. 9. The letter _ I received was from my father.练习二Whose 的用法3. Do you know the man _ name is Wang Y u?4. Do yo
4、u see the house _ windows are all broken?1.I ve got a cat _hair is yellow2.He is my English teacher . His son is our classmate _练习三1. The boys who football are from the country.A. are playing B is playing C plays D to play2. At last, the man handed everything he had stolen to the police.A which B wh
5、at C that D who3. This is the most interesting journey I have ever heard of.A. which B who C that D whom4. He is a singer who his own lyrics.A write B writes C. writing D to write5. This is the boy broke my window.A. which B what C who D whom注： that 的用法(1) 只能用 that 而不用 which 作为定语从句的关系代词的情况精选学习资料 - -
6、 - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 11 页(a) 在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, all等作先行词时，只用that ，不用 which 。Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop ？Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. All that is needed is a supply of oil.(b) 先行词有the only, the very, the l
7、ast, just修饰时，只用that。This is the very dictionary that I want to buy. 这正是我想买的字典。c) 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that, 不能用 which 。. He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。This is the best book that I have ever read. 这是我读过的最好的书。(d) 先行词既有人，又有物时。I can remember well the persons and some pictures
8、 that I saw in the room. (e) 当主句以There be 结构开头时，或关系代词在there be 结构中作实义主语，先行项为物There is a seat in the corner that is still free. There are two books on history that are for you. (f) 主句的主语是疑问词who /which时Who is the girl that is crying ？ 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？Who that break the window should be punished 谁打碎了窗户都要受到
9、惩罚(2) 不用 that 的情况(a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时。The necklace, which you gave me as a present, was lost yesterday. Tom came back, which made us happy. (错)The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here. (b) 介词后不能用。We depend on the land from which we get our food. We depend on the land that/which we g
10、et our food from.（二）关系副词引导的定语从句关系词所做成分例句精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 11 页基本用法关系副词起连接主句和从句的作用，又在从句中作状语，when, where 和 why 分别表示时间，地点和原因。1. when在从句中作时间状语。常用on which, in which, at which, during which等代替。e.g. April the first is the day when people make fun of others.=April the firs
11、t is the day _ people make fun of others.2. where在从句中作地点状语。常可由in which, on which, at which, on which等取代。e.g. This is the house where he lived two years ago.=This is the house _ he lived two years ago.3. whywhy 在定语从句中作原因状语。可用for which 代替。 why 不可引导非限定性定语从句，此时可用for which 代替。e.g. This is the reason why
12、he went away.=This is the reason _he went away.（二）关系副词常可用“ 介词 +关系代词 ” 的结构改写这里的关系代词只限于which 和 whom，例如I will never forget the night when I met you for the first time.=I will never forget the night _I met you for the first time.This is the house in which I lived two years ago.=This is the house _ I liv
13、ed two years ago.We don t know the reason for which he suddenly fell ill.=We don t know the reason _ he suddenly fell ill.注意：并不是所有的介词+关系代词的结构都可用关系副词替代。e.g. I am very impressed by the way in which he works. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 11 页这里 in which 代表的是in the way, 在句中作方式状语。
14、只有当介词 +关系代词结构作表示时间、地点和原因的状语时，才能相应地用when, where 和 why 代替。（三）如何判断是用关系代词还是关系副词这本质上取决于关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中充当的成分。前者充当主语、宾语、表语或定语，后者充当状语。试比较下面两组句子：This is the factory that/which produces radios.This is the factory where radios are produced.第一句中划线部分在从句中作_语，故而应选用关系代词：The factory produces radios. 而第二句中划线部分在从句中作_语
15、故而应选用关系副词：Radios are produced in the factory.Do you remember the days (that) we spent together?Do you remember the days when we worked together ?第一句中关系代词在从句中作宾语：We spent the days together. 而第二句中关系副词作时间状语：We worked together during the days.四、判断关系代词与关系副词的方法：1. 用关系代词， 还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面没有宾语，就必须
16、要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。判断下列句子的对错（） This is the mountain village where I visited last year.（） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.（） This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.（） Ill never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.精选学习资料 - - - - - - - -
17、 - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 11 页2. 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也就能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。例 1. Is this museum _ you visited a few days age?A. whereB. thatC. on whichD. the one例 2. Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held.A. whereB. thatC. on whichD. the one三使用定语从句需要注意的问题：（1）关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，关系代词常省去。如： T
18、he play（which ）I watched just now had been on twice on Channel （2） 当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who， that， which 可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“ 介词 +which/whom ” 结构。如： This is the house (that/ which )we lived in last year. = This is the house in which we lived last year. Please tell me the person (who/ whom) you borrowed
19、 the English novel from. = Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel. 三、跟踪练习（一）用关系代词或关系副词将下列每组两个简单句合成一个复合句。1. The boy is my younger brother. He was here a minute ago. 2. The old man is a professor. He will give us a talk tomorrow. 3. Beijing Hotel is near Tian An Men Square. The foreig
20、n visitors live there. 4. The woman is here now. You were talking about her.5. This is the hall. We listened to the report in it the other day. 6. The car was going 90 miles an hour. The car just passed us. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 11 页7. The man was my uncle. The man wav
21、ed to us. 8. I enjoyed reading the book. You gave me the book last week. 9. I prefer the subject. The subject is science. 10. I spoke to the man. The man is a professor.（二）用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空1. The house _ we live in is very big. 2. The boy _ is wearing the black jacket is very clever. 3. This is the pr
22、esent _ he gave me for my birthday. 4. The man _ talked to you just now is an engineer. 5. He talked about the teachers and schools _ he had visited. 6. There is nothing in the world _ can frighten him. 7. She wears a gold ring, _ is very uncommon in our class. 8. We visited a factory _ makes toys f
23、or children. 9. Is this the place _ your father once lived? 10. I ll never forget the days _ I joined the League. 11. He likes to read books _ are written by foreign writers. 12. Those _ want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow. 13. The professor _ you are waiting for has co
24、me. 14. Football is a game _is liked by most boys. 15. We ll go to hear the famous singer _ we have often talked. 16. The season_ comes after spring is summer. 三）单项填空基础选择1. Who is the man _ was talking to our English teacher? Oh! It s Mr. Baker, our math teacher. A. he B. that C. whom D. which 精选学习资
25、料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 11 页2. I hate the people _ don t help others when they are in trouble. A. who B. which C. they D. where 3. The foreigner _ visited our school is from Canada.A. which B. when C. who D. whom 4. George Mallory was an English school teacher _ loved climbin
26、g. A. who B. whom C. he D. which 5. This is the place _I have ever visited. A. there B. when C. where D. which 6. Nobody knows the reason _ she didn t come to the meeting. A. that B. which C. why D. when 7. The moon is a world _ there is no life. A. that B. which C. where D. why 8. He has forgotten
27、the day _ he arrived. A. when B. where C. that D. which 9. He still remembers the days _ he spent with your family. A. when B. where C. that D. on which 10. Mr. White, _ car had been stolen, came to the policeman. A. who B. that C. whose D. which能力提高 :1. Can you make the e-mail more beautiful?Dear E
28、den,How are you?I have good news to tell you. Half a year ago, you went back to Hawaii and webought a new flat. We ve just moved into it. It cost us over 1.5 million yuan. And it is on the fifth floor of a tall building. This building lies near the Pearl River. The Pearl River is called our mother r
29、iver .I have my own room and I like it. Its window faces to the garden. In the garden,t here are so many beautiful and strange plants. I don t know anything about them. How I hope you can come and visit my flat. I m looking forward to your coming.精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共
30、11 页Best wishes.Yours LucyDear Eden,How are you?I have good news to tell you. We ve just moved into the new flat 1_ . We bought it at the time 2_ . And it is on the fifth floor ofa tall building 3_ . I like my room 4_. In the garden, there are so many beautiful and strange plants 5_ How I hope you c
31、an come and visit my flat. I m looking forward to your coming.Best wishes.Yours Lucy四、中考题型1. I ll never forget the day _ I became a middle school student.(指导书 P175单选） A. where B. when C. why D. which2. Children _ listened to happy music pointed to the smiling faces,showing (P176 语法选择） A. who B. whom
32、 C. whose D. which3. (完成句子 )(1)工厂应该建在远离城市的地方。Factories should be build in the places_ _ _ _ _cities. (2) 这就是我们经常听说的那个猎人。This is the hunter_ _ _ _ _.精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 11 页家庭作业Part 2 中考链接1.Last summer I went to Lu Xun s hometown and visited the house _ he was born.A
33、that B there C which D where2. Last summer I went to Lu Xun s hometown and visited the house _ he was born in.A that B there C in which D where3. Have you read the book _ I gave you yesterday? A that B when C where D who4. The book _ cover is blue cost me 20 yuan.A which B that C whose D where5. Sha
34、olin Temple( 少林寺 ) _ lies in the west of Zhengzhou welcomes the visitors both at home and abroad. A where B which C who D what*6. Australia is the most beautiful country _ I have ever visited. A which B that C where D what7. The only language _ is easy to learn is the mother tongue. A. which B. that
35、 C. / D. it 8. The factory _ Mr. Li used to work was closed last week. A. when B. where C. that D. which 9. Do you still remember the day _ we first met? A. that B. when C . what D. on that *10. I will never forget the years _ I spent in China. A. that B when C where D in which Let s do more exercis
36、es.?1. The hotel _ we stayed last week is very comfortable.?2. The hotel _ lies beside the river is very comfortable.?3.This is the house _ I worked two years ago.?4. This is the house _ I visited two years ago.?5. I ll never forget the day _ I spent with my grandparents.?6. That was the year _ I we
37、nt to America. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 11 页Part 3 合并句子。1. The film was very interesting. I saw the film last night The film _ was very interesting.2. I met a man this morning. The man is my teacher The man _ is my teacher.3. I won t forget the small town. I was born in
38、the town.I won t forget the small town _.I won t forget the small town _.4. John still remember the days. He studied in Guangzhou on the days.John still remember the days _.John still remember the days _ _.5. I ll never forget the days . I spent the days with my grandparents.I ll never forget the days _.精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页，共 11 页