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1、精品_精品资料_2022 届高考英语陷阱题总结归纳名词典型陷阱题分析1. I found her sitting in the corner, readingnewspaper, within her eyes.A. a, tearB. a piece of, tearsC. a, tearsD. a piece of, tear【陷阱】 误选 D ,很多同学错误的认为,既然news消息 和 paper纸均为不行数名词, 那么 newspaper报纸 也应是不行数的. 同时认为 “眼泪 ”即“泪水 ”,“水”不行数, “泪水 ”和“眼泪”也应当不行数.【分析】 正确答案为 C.newspape
2、r 和 tear 均为可数名词, 它们不仅可以连用不定冠词、可以用复数,而且仍可以连用数词.Her eyes filled with tears.她热泪盈眶.She dried her tears with a handkerchief.她用手帕擦干了眼泪.The newspapers were full of lies.报纸上一片谎言.A newspaper is a publication.报纸是一种出版物.顺便说一句,如不是将newspaper 当作是供阅读或传递信息的一种东西,而只是把它当成一种 “纸”来看待,也可用作不行数名词,如：Wrap it in a sheet of news
3、paper.把它用张报纸包起来.2. Her father works as ain a hotel and her mother ain a private company.A. cooker, typewriterB. cook, typistC. cooker, typistD. cook, typewriter【陷阱】 误选 A ,很多同学想当然的认为： cook 用作动词, 表示 “煮饭 ”,所以 cooker 应是其相应的名词, 表示 “煮饭的人 ”,即“厨师 ”.type 用作动词, 表示 “打字 ”,所以 typewriter应表示 “打字员 ”.【分析】 而事实是： cook
4、= 厨师, cooker= 炊具. typist= 打字员, typewriter= 打字机.即此题正确答案为 B.3. “ Why couldn t they meet us at five o“ Becaculsoeckth.ey”were delayed by .”A. heavy trafficB. heavy trafficsC. crowded trafficD. crowded traffics【陷阱】 B、C、D 三项均简单误选.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_【分析】 对于此题,第一要明确traffic 为不行数名词,没有复数形式,故排除B 和 D .另外,
5、汉语习惯说 “交通拥挤 ”,而英语习惯上却不能用crowded 来修饰 traffic ,要表示汉语 的“交通拥挤 ”,英语通常说 heavy traffic ,即选 A .如下面一题也是选A ：She is not a competent driver and can t cope with driving in.A. heavy trafficB. heavy trafficsC. crowded trafficD. crowded traffics4. In fact,one cause that leads to the problem.A. cattle isB. cattle ar
6、eC. cattles are【陷阱】 此题简单误选A ,想当然的认为D. the cattles arecattle 是单数,并且空格有表单数的one,自然谓语动词用is.【陷阱】 其实,正确答案为B. cattle牲畜,牛 为集合名词,尽管它不带复数词尾-s, 却永久表示复数意义,如用作主语,谓语要用复数.又如：For this many cattle were killed.为此宰了不少牲畜.The prisoners were herded like cattle.囚犯像牲口一样被赶到一起.类似的, police 警察 ,people 人,police 警察 , poultry 家禽
7、等也具有同样用法,即 只有单数形式,但却表示复数意义.用作主语时谓语通常也用复数.不与an 连用,但可与 the 连用 表示总括意义和特指 .如：The poultry have been fed.家禽已经喂过饲料了.In Britain police do not usually carry guns.在英国警察通常不带枪.It annoys me when people forget to say“遇th到an有k人yo忘u记道”谢. 的时候,我就不痛快.5. By all, you must try everyto help him.A. mean, meanB. means, mean
8、sC. means, meanD. mean, means【陷阱】 误选 C,认为第一空前有all 修饰,故用 means,而其次空前有every 修饰,故用 mean.【分析】 其实, means 是一个单复数同形的名词,并且永久带有尾-s.换句话说,在表示“方式 ”、“方法 ”时,不存在 mean 这一形式 mean 主要用作动词,表示 “意思是 ”.也可用可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_作名词,表示 “中间 ”、 “中庸 ”.此题正确答案为C,by all means 为习语,意为 “肯定 ”、“尽一切方法 ”.顺便说一句, means 用作主语时,其谓语的数需依据句意来
9、确定.比较：All possible means have been tried.全部可能的方法都已经试过了.Every possible means has been tried. 每种可能的方法都已经试过了.如句意不能明确的说明主语的单复数,其谓语就用单数或复数均可.如：Is Are there any other means of getting more money.仍有其他什么方法可弄到更多钱吗.6. Jim isperson, and everyone is willing to bewith him.A. so kind a, friendsB. so a kind, frien
10、dsC. so kind a, friendD. so a kind, friend【陷阱】 误选 C 或 D .认为 friend 要用单数.【分析】 其实此题正确答案为 A .so kind a person 相当于 such a kind person,留意两者中冠词的位置不同. be friends with 是习语, 意为 “与 友好 ”、“跟 做伴侣 ”,与之同义的类似的仍有 make friends with .值得说明的是,这类短语中的名词总是用复数,即使句子主语为单数也是如此.如：He is friends with me.他与我是伴侣.He has made friends
11、 with everyone here.他与这儿的每个人交上了伴侣.7. We already havepencils, but we need twopens.A. dozen of, dozenB. dozens of, dozensC. dozens of, dozenD. dozens of, dozen of【陷阱】 误选 B.【分析】 此题正确答案为 C.关于 dozen 的复数是否加词尾 -s 的问题比较复杂,大致原就是：(1) 当它与详细数字连用时,既不加复数词尾 -s,也不后接介词 of .尽管有的词书也有two dozen of 这样的用例,但这已属过时用法,在考试中应防止
12、,如 1992 年全国高考有一道单项挑选题就认为 two dozen of 为错误选项：Shortly after the accident,police were sent to the spot to keep order.A. dozens ofB. dozens C. dozen ofD. dozen D(2) 当它不与详细数字连用,而是表示不确定的泛指数时,就不仅要加复数词尾-s,而且要后接介词of ,此时可将 dozens of很多,几十 视为习语.如：可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_I ve been there dozens of times我. 去过那儿几十次
13、.She s got dozens of bo-fyriends.她的男伴侣很多.下面一例中的 dozens 加了复数词尾 -s 也属为似情形： Pack them in dozens. 按打装袋吧.(3) 当与 a few, several 等数目不很详细的词连用时,加不加复数词尾-s 均可,但需注意：不加复数词尾 -s 时,其后的介词of 可以省略. 加词尾 -s 时,其后介词 of 不能省略. 如：several dozen of pencils=several dozens of pencils 几打铅笔注：英语较少使用many dozen 的说法,要表示类似意思可用dozens of
14、.(4) 当它后面的名词受the, these, those 等特指限定词修饰时, 或其后的接的是 us, them这样的人称代词时,就此时必需用介词of.如： two dozen of these eggs 两打这种鸡蛋three dozen of them 它们中的 3 打注： score, hundred, thousand, million 等也具有以上类似用法.8. She raised her finger to her lips asfor silence.A. an ideaB. a markC. a signD. a word【陷阱】 简单误选 B.【分析】应选 C,sign
15、 与 mark 的区分是：sign 的意思是 “迹象 ”、“征兆 ”gestureor movementmade with the hand, head, etc, used to give information, a command, etc 用手或头等做出示意动作以传递信息或命令等 , mark 的意思是 written or printed symbol or figure, line etc made as signor an indication of sth 书写与印刷的符号或图、线等记号 .依据此二词的语义区分以及常识可知答案为 C.类似的,下面两题的答案也是 C：(1) Th
16、ose black clouds are a surethat it s going to rain.A. thingB. markC. signD. one(2) Just as a famous Chinese saying goes, a timely heavy snow is aof good harvest next year.A. markB. trackC. sign但是,下面一题却不能选sign,也不能选D. appearancemark ,而选 symbol 象征 ：可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_The lion is considered the kin
17、g of the forest as it is anof courage and power.A. exampleB. signC. markD. symbol顺便说一句, 在近几年的高考中像这类结合词义区分以及语境和生活常识进行考查的试题常常显现,同学们需引起留意.9. “ May I take your order now.” “ We d like three blackand two green.A. coffee, cups of teasB. coffees, teasC. cups of coffee, teaD. cup of coffees, teas【陷阱】 误选 C,认
18、为 coffee 和 tea 均为不行数名词,不能后加复数词尾-s,从而排除选项 A 、B 、D .【分析】 选 B .有的同学认为coffee 和 tea 是物质名词, 不行数,不能用three coffees, two teas 这样的表达.其实, coffee 既可用作不行数名词,表示“咖啡 ”这种物质,也可用作可数名词, 表示 “一杯咖啡 ”,即在口语中three coffees 就等于 three cups of coffee.同样,“三杯茶 ”既可说成 three cups of tea,也可说成 three teas. “三杯啤酒 ”既可说成 three glasses ofbe
19、er,也可说成 three beers.10. is a good form of exercise for both young and old.A. WalkB. WalkingC. The walkD. To walk【陷阱】 简单误选 A 或 D.【分析】 正确答案为 B .分析如下：(1) 第一,选项D 不如选项 B 佳,由于,不定式通常表示特定的动作,而动名词才表示习惯性的动作.(2) 尽管 walk 用作名词时可以表示 “漫步 ”,但它是可数名词, 指的是一次一次的详细的漫步,而不表示抽象意义或泛指意义的“漫步 ”,要表示此义,要用动名词walking .比较：How about
20、 going for a walk.出去散漫步如何 .Walking does good to your health.漫步对你的健康有益.类似的, dance 和 dancing 以及 swim 和 swimming的区分也是一样：(1) 名词的 dance表示 “跳舞 ”,是可数名词,指的是一次一次的详细的跳舞,而不表示抽象意义或泛指意义的“跳舞 ”,要表示后者的意思,要用动名词转化来的名词dancing.比较：可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_Let s have a dance我. 们跳曲舞吧.He is interested in dancing.他对跳舞感爱好.(2)
21、 名词的 swim 表示 “游泳 ”,是可数名词,指的是一次一次的详细的游泳,而不表示抽象意义或泛指意义的“游泳 ”,要表示后者的意思,要用动名词转化来的名词swimming .比较：She had a swim every day. 她每天游一会儿泳.She loves swimming.她喜爱游泳.精编陷阱题训练1. Ten years had passed. I found she had.A. a few white hairsB. a little white hairC. some white hairD. more fifty hair2. Hi, this way, pleas
22、e. OK.I sometimes have no sense ofwhen I arrive at the crossroad.A. positionB. directionC. situationD. condition3. Shelly had prepared carefully for her English examination so that she could be sure of passing it on her first.A. intentionB. attemptC. purposeD. desire4. I didn t have to work all week
23、endI did it by .A. chanceB. choiceC. accidentD. myself5. “ Did you getto the party.” “ Yes, I replied to it this morning.”A. an answerB. an invitationC. a questionD. a letter6. I paid him 50 for the painting, but its truemust be at least 500.A. priceB. moneyC. valueD. importance可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品
24、资料_7. His letter was so confusing that I could hardly make anyof it.A. explanationB. meaningC. senseD. guess8. You ve just missed your, and youwill have to wait for the next round.A. chanceB. turnC. timeD. part9. Li Lin is very bright and studies hard as well. It s nohe always gets the first place i
25、n any examination.A. questionB. doubtC. problemD. wonder10. How can I use this washing machine. Well, just refer to the.A. explanationsB. expressionsC. introductionsD. directions11. Jim was late for two classes this morning. He said that he forgot both of the.A. rooms numberB. room numberC. room s n
26、umbersD. room numbers12. Hello, I d like to speak to Henry. Oh, which. There are twoin our office.A. Henrys, HenrysB. Henries, HenriesC. Henry, HenrysD. Henrys, Henries13. Electricity, like other forms of, has greatly increased in price in recent years.A. pressureB. forceC. strengthD. energy14. In o
27、rder to learn theof the family business, Bill took a job as messenger boy in one of the offices.A. ins and outsB. dos and don tsC. heads and tailsD. t s and is15. I ve got an“ A” in the examination. That s a good. You will surely win a second.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_A. resultB. newsC. startD. idea答案
28、与解析1. 选 A .hair 可用作可数或不行数名词,用作可数名词时,指一根一根的毛发或头发,如说 Theres a hair in my soup 我 的汤里有根头发.用作不行数名词时,就是整体的指一个人的头发.2. 选 B.需依据句意来分析.have no sense of direction 意为 “没有方向感 ”.3. 选 B.需依据句意来分析.attempt 在此表示 “尝试 ”.4. 选 B,由于上文说didn t have to wo,rk所以下文相应的语境应是did it by choice .类似的,下面一题应选D,也是由于 choice 与下文的 have to do i
29、t 相呼应：Were you given a, or did you have to do it.A. jobB. dutyC. requestD. choice5. 选 B.留意其后的to the party 和 replied to it .6. 选 C.value 指 “价值 ”.7. 选 C.make sense of 意为 “明白 ”、“懂得 ”.比较： make sense 意为 “有意义 ”、“意思清晰 ”、“有道理 ”.如下面一题选 D ：What he told us about the situation simply doesn t make any.A. useB. r
30、easonC. valueD. sense8. 选 B.miss one s tu电rn为 “错过机会 ”,留意下文的 have to wait for the next round所表示的语境.9. 选 D.it s no wonder +th从at句 的意思是 “难怪 ”,也可说成 No wonder +that 从句 .10. 选 D.directions的意思是 “使用说明 ”,空格前的 refer to意为 “查看 ”、“参考 ”.11. 选 D.room 为无生命名词,不用room s这样的全部格形式,在此可直接用名词作定语.类似的,下面一题要选B,也是一样的道理（名词作定语通常用
31、单数不用复数）：The boy was very happy that his mother bought him a new pair of shoes at a yesterday.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_A. shoes shopB. shoe shopC. shoes s shoDp. shoes12. 选 C.在通常情形下,专出名词具有“独一无二 ”性,因此它通常没有复数形式,即不行数.但是, 专出名词的独一无二性有时是相对的,随着范畴的扩大,这种独一无二性便会受到破坏.如在一个星期week内,只有一个星期六 Saturday, 一个星期日 Sunday等,
32、但是在一个月中甚至一年中, 便有多个星期六, 多个星期日了. 所以我们有时可以说： We havespent many happy Sundays there. 我们在那儿度过了很多个开心的星期日.另外一点值得留意 的是,与一般的名词单数变复数不同,以“辅音字母 +y”结尾的专出名词,其直接加词尾-s, 而不将 y 改为 i.13. 选 D.从常识来考虑,electricity属于 energy,结合全句的语境,只有D 最合适.同样的,下面一题从常识和语境来考虑也应选D：(1) Some countries are increasing their use of natural gas,and
33、 other forms of.A. sourceB. materialC. powerD. energy(2) Thehas become extremely tense. A war could break out any time between the two sides.A. pollutionB. friendshipC. conditionD. situation14. 选 A .ins and outs 意为 “细节 ”,dos and don意t为s “留意事项 ”,heads or tails 为掷钱币打赌时用语,意为“你赌正面仍是赌反面 ”, ps and q 主要s用于 mind one s p s and,q s意为 “留意自己的言行 ”.结合句意,选 A 最合适.15. 选 C.从语法上看, news 不行选,由于它不行数.从意义上看,D 不行选,由于选 D 意思不通.比较 A 和 C,选 C 最合适,由于start 与下文的 a second 相吻合.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载