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1、Culture and Language 3.4 Classification of Culture Hello, everyone! Welcome you back to this course: Intercultural Communication This is the fourth section of Chapter 3,In this section, well talk about the classification of culture First we come to cultural identity. What is culture identity? Cultur
2、e Identity refers to ones sense of belonging to a particular cult ure or ethnic group. As we mentioned before, culture can be classified into different types from different perspectives. For example, there is Chinese culture, American culture, Asian culture and European culture, ancient culture and
3、modern culture. Take Chinese culture for example, the spirit of humanism and morality is the lifeblood of Chinese culture. Old Chinese proverbs, such as every man alive has a duty toward his country, reflect patriotism, Confucian saying, such as being vigorous and promising, show the striving spirit
4、, and modern sayings, such as harmony but not sameness and advance with the times and keep improving through reforms, provide the basic principles - and the wisdom of reform - to deal with different cultures in the world. Xi Jinping loves reading books and using allusions. When making a visit or att
5、ending important international meetings, he not only repeatedly quotes Chinese classics, but also does as the Romans do, for example, he more than once cites the visited countries proverbs, quotes of famous people, speeches of important members of the governments and even skillfully conducts matchin
6、g of Chinese and foreign favorite quotations through centering on such themes as“friendship”“cooperation”“peace” and so forth, vividly unfolding Chinese disposition before the worlds eyes, telling Chinese attitude and delivering Chinese voices. In January, 2016, during the period of making a trip to
7、 Egypt, Xi published a signed article. In this article, Xi retrospect the friendly communication history of Chinese and Arabian as well as the profound sentiments of friendship. Xi said, “As theArabian proverb goes that if you want to go fast, walk alone; and if you want to go far, walk together , C
8、hinese people often sayIt is easy to live when we have many friends , which couldnt be better to describe the Sino-Arab relations.” Therefore, we can roughly divide culture into three categories. Material and Nonmaterial Big culture and Small culture Dominant culture and Subculture Please match each
9、 word from the column Cars, dresses, buildings, food, etc. are all tangible items, we call them material culture Intangible items refer to those laws, values, customs, equality, etc. Big culture refers to those intellectual and artistic activities, such as education, institution, literature, art, mu
10、sic, etc. Small culture refers to the way of life of the given people who share values, customs, norms, etc. From the point of influence, culture can be divided into dominant culture and subculture. Dominant culture refers to the culture that is shared by most people and exerts greater influence. Co
11、mplex societies are made up of a large number of groups with which people identify and from which distinctive values and norms and rules for behaviors are derived. These groups have been labeled subculture. Can you identify some Chinese ethnic groups from this picture ? As a large united multi-natio
12、nal state, China is composed of 56 ethnic groups. Among them Han Chinese account for 91.59% of the overall Chinese population and the other 55 make up the remaining 8.41%. What is Sub-culture ?sub-culture refers to a culture that exists within dominant culture, and is often ba sed on economic or soc
13、ial class, ethnicity, race, or geographic region. In China, Han culture can be seen as the dominant culture in China. We have northern culture and southern culture, Tibetan culture, Buddist culture, youth culture, women culture, etc. However, from the prefix “sub”implies that members of the non-domi
14、nant group are deficient. Many scholars prefer to use the term “co-culture” We use the word co-culture when talking about groups or social communities .exhibiting communication characteristics, perceptions, valu es, beliefs, and practices that are significantly different enough to distingu ish them
15、from the other groups, communities, and the dominant culture. It suggests that these groups are equal and co-exist with the dominant culture. When we use culture in discussing the differences, we are applying the term to the dominant culture found in most societies. Finally we need to know the concept of subgroup. usually does not involve the same large number of people and is not necessarilyaccumulatingvaluesandpatternsofbehaviorover generations in the same way as cultures do.有缘学习更多+ 谓y g d 3 0 7 6 考 证资料