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1、从句,clause,名词性从句（substantive clauses):主语从句subject clause、宾语从句object clause、表语从句predicative clause、同位语从句appositive clause. 定语从句（attributive clause):形容词性从句 状语从句（adverbial clause):副词性从句（时间、地点、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步，方式等等）,1.I have reached a point in my life where I am supposed to make decision of my own. 2.I fou
2、nd the wallet where you left it. 3.She sang as she walked home all the way. 4.Many people , as you know, are learing foreign languages. 5.Her house, which was built a hundred years ago, stood still in the earthquake. 6.The news that our team has won the games was true. 7.It was obvious that youve ma
3、de a big mistake. 8.He will talk to us about what he saw in the school. 9.He looks as if he was going to cry,引导词particle,1.引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类： 连接词：that, whether, if (不充当从句的任何成分） 连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which 连接副词：when, where, how, why ,2.引导定语从句的连接词 关系代词：that, which,who, whom,wh
4、ose, as等 关系副词：where, when, why 等 3.引导状语从句的连接词： )时间状语从句：when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since. )地点状语从句常用引导词：where, wherever,)原因状语从句：because= in that , as )目的状语从句：so that, in order that )结果状语从句：so.that, such.that )条件状语从句：if，unless ）让步状语从句：though, although, even if, even though,引导定语从句的关系副词
5、关系副词,When=on(in,during)which,where=on(in,in front of)which,Why=for which,如何选用定语从句的关系词 1.首先分清主句和定语从句 2.确定定语从句的先行词 3.把先行词带回到定语从句中去，看其在定语从句中做什么语法成分（主语，宾语，定语或状语） 4.若先行词在从句中做主语、宾语或定语则选择关系代词，若在从句中做状语，则选择关系副词。,1. who, whom, whose, that 用法区别., who 作定语从句的主语或宾语.,The man who is speaking at the meeting is a wor
6、ker., whom 作定语从句的宾语,The woman whom they wanted to visit is a teacher., that 可以作定语从句的主语和宾语（可省略）.,The man who / that is speaking at the meeting is a worker.,The woman (whom / that) they wanted to visit is a teacher., whose 作定语从句的定语.,I know the girl whose mother is a teacher.,2. which, that 的用法,which 作
7、定语从句的主语或宾语（可省略）,This is a truck which / that is made in China.,I like the book (which / that) you bought yesterday.,3. 只能用that的情况,Tom is the cleverest boy that I have ever known.,This is the first play that I have seen since I came here., 序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时,Ive read all the books that you lend me.,先行词
8、被every, some, no, all, any, little, much等修饰时。,Everything that we saw in this film was true.,everything, something, nothing, all, anything, little, much等不定代词作先行词时,This is the very book that belongs to him., 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时。,Who is the girl that is standing under the tree
9、? Which is the machine that we used last Sunday. who is the worker that took some photos of the factory.主句已有who和which时只能用that, 主句已有who或which时,Ive never heard of the people and things that you talked about just now., 当先行词同时指人和物时,4.关系代词前有介词时 (介词提前) .指人只用whom, 指物只用which,This is the boy with whom he tal
10、ked. This is the ring on which she spent 1000 dollars.,以when作为例子 1.名词性从句 It remains unknown when they are going to get married. (主语从句常用it做形式主语，而将主语从句置于句末） The problem is when we will start. Its up to you decide when we will start. I have no idea when he will back.,2.状语从句 James pretended to be deaf w
11、hen I spoke to him. I was about to leave my office when the telephone rang. When the wind blows, all the doors rattle. Come when you are ready. She stopped trying, when she might succeed next time.,3.定语从句 when引导定语从句表示时间，在定语从句中做状语，它的先行词是表示时间的名词如the day, the days,the time, the year等 1980 was the year
12、when he was born. Ill never forget the days when I worked with you.,练习： 1. The English play _ my students acted at the New Years party was a great success. A. for whichB. at whichC. in whichD. on which 2. Roses need special care _ they can live through winter. A. because B. so thatC. even ifD. as 3.
13、The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year， 80% _are sold abroad. A. of which B. which ofC. of them D. of that,4. A computer can only do _ you have instructed it to do. A. how B. after C. what D. when 5._this company has done seems to be in agreement with what the government has c
14、alled for. A. ThatB. How C. WhetherD. What,6.Fortunately we had a map， without _we would have got lost. A. which B. itC. thatD. what 7. The Great Wall is the last place _Mr. smith is going to visit before he leaves Beijing. A. whereB. whichC. / D. what,8.I shall never forget those years _I lived in
15、the country with the farmers， _ has a great effect on my life. A. that； whichB. when； whichC. which； thatD. when； who 9. I dont like the way _ you speak to her. A. /B. in thatC. whichD. of which,10. She spent the whole evening talking about the things and the persons _ none of us has ever heard of. A. which B. whoC. whom D. that 11. I have bought such a watch _ was advertised on TV. A. that B. which C. asD. it,