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1、现在完成时,现在完成时描述的是过去发生而与现在情况有关的事或状态,或是从过去某时到现在为止这一段时间中发生的情况,换言之,现在完成时表现的是从过去到现在的事情,现在完成时的形式,01现在完成时的肯定句 主语(I We You,第三人称复数)+have+过去分词 主语(第三人称单数)+has+动词的过去分词 例:I have already finished the housework. 我已经做完家务了. 例:I have been busy all the day. 我今天一天都很忙.,例:My father has read todays newspaper. 我爸爸已经看了今天的报纸了.
2、 例:Mary has just finished the homework which her teacher ordered. 玛丽刚刚完成老师布置的作业.,02现在完成时的否定句,主语+have/has+not+过去分词 例:The concert hasnt /has not started yet. 音乐会还没有开始. 例:They havent/have not gotten to London yet.他们还没有到达伦敦. 例:I havent graduated from the university yet. 我还没有完成我的大学学业呢.,03现在完成时的一般疑问句,Have
3、/Has +主语+过去分词 例:A:Has the concert started ? 音乐会开始了没? B:Yes,it has.是的开始了. B:No, it hasnt 不,还没有开始.,例:A:Have you finished your homework? 你做完功课了没有? B:Yes, I have.是的我做完了. B:No, I havent 不,我没做完.,04现在完成时的特殊疑问句,现在完成时的特殊疑问句分为两种情况,以下将分别进行介绍: 1 疑问词做主语时 句型:疑问词(主语)+have/has+过去分词+ 例:A:Who has /have bought these a
4、pples? 谁买了这些苹果? B:Rose/Roses friends has/have bought them.罗斯/罗斯的朋友们买的.,2.疑问词做主语以外的成份时. 句型:疑问词+have/has+主语+过去分词+ A: How long have you lived here? B: Ive lived here for nearly 6 years. A: How many times have you been to Spain. B: I have been to Spain five times.,现在完成时的用法,1.概述:,表示 “继续”的现在完成时 Toms grand
5、father has worked here for nearly 30 years. He has been sick since last week. Miss Chen has waited for him for the whole day,表示 “经验”的现在完成时 I have visited London twice. Have you ever been to Hawaii ? 表示 “完成”的现在完成时 Susan has just finished her homework. Has he finished his work yet? I have already done
6、 the housework completely.,表示 “结果”的现在完成时 My brother has become a lawyer I have lost my dictionary I have bought a new dictionary.,现在完成时四种用法的时间状语. 继续: since ,for ,how long?, all 经验: often , ever , never , before , once , times 等. 完成: already , just , yet 等. 结果: 不需要时间状语.,2 表示继续的现在完成时 肯定句: Li Mings eld
7、er brother has studied in Peking University for five years. 否定句: We havent seen each other all this month. 疑问句: A: How long have you known your boy friend? B: I have known him since he came here six months ago,01 基本用法 表示继续意义的现在完成时说明过去的动作一直延续到现在,也就是说从过去某时开始的动作、状态,一直持续到现在.此时,往往用和现在有关的表示一段时间的时间状语.举例如下:
8、, I began to study English three years ago. 我三年前开始学英语 I still study English now. 我现在仍然在学英语 I have studied English since three years ago.自从三年前我就开始学英语了.,现在完成时这一时态就是动作在过去发生,但也一定要和现在有关系,否则就用过去时.如上例1 只表示月日 “三年前我学过英语”与现在没关系,而如果用了现在完成时,即使不出现时间状语也表示与现在有关系,即 “现在仍然在学英语”,表示继续的动词 在英语中能用现在完成时表示动作延续到现在的动词比较少,常用的有
9、: Have been to已经去过了 Have lived 已经住了 Have studied 已经学了 Have used已经使用了 Have worked已经工作了,Have known已经认识了 Have stayed 已经停留了 Have taught 已经教了 Have wanted to 已经想要,常用的时间状语: All this week 整个这一周. Always总是 How long 多长时间 Often 常常 All day 整天 For+时间 多长(时间) Lately 最近,Recently 最近 Since+过去某时 自从 Today 今天 Up to now 直
10、到现在 During the past/last days (years,months) 在过去的/前些日子(年,月),In the past/ last years (months,days) 在过去的年(月,日) These days(months,years) 这些天(月,年) This week(month,year) 这个星期(月,年),For + 时间 For 后面表示时间的可以是具体的数字,也可以是泛指的时间,如a long time , several days , some time(一些时间) I have lived here for a long time. She h
11、as been busy for five days. He studied in Peking University for 4 years in 1960s.,Since + 表示过去的时间的单词或句子. Since +表示过去的时间的词,表示从过去某时开始的动作或状态一直持续到现在,此时since 是介词.常见的时间状语如下: Since three years ago Since two months ago Since then从那时以来 Since 2005,从2005年以来到现在,Mike has been sick since yesterday/last night. 迈克从
12、昨天/昨晚以来就病了. since+句子(过去时),此过去时的句子相当于 “since+表示过去的时间”只不过用过去时的动词表示过去的动作或状态,此时since是连词.,We have known each other since we were children. 当我们还是孩子的时候,我们就认识了. We have lived here since we moved here in 2001 我们自从2001年搬到这儿来后,一直住在这儿.,Since 引导的从句中的动词用过去时,而主句原则上是用现在完成时,但it is +时间句型除外. It is ten years since we l
13、eft. 自从我们离开已经有十年了.,how long表示多长时间,多久. 回答 “how long +have/has +主语+过去分词”这样的现在完成时的问句时,常用for和since的句子.但和 “for+时间”一样,how long 不仅用于完成时还可用于其他时态.,A: How long have you worked in this factory ? 你在这个工厂工作多长时间了? B: Ive worked in this factory for 3 years. 我已经在这个工厂工作三年了. B: Ive worked in this factory since I gradu
14、ated from university. 自从我大学毕业后,我就在这个工厂工作了.,How long did you study Chinese last year? 去年你学了多长时间的汉语. “when?” 疑问句不可以用现在完成时,因为 “when”疑问句是用来询问时间的,而现在完成时则不谈动作的时间. (正)when did you visited Beijing? (误)when have you visited Beijing?,all +时间 All day(一整天),all this morning(今天一整个早上,)all week(一整个星期)等时间状语除了和现在完成时连
15、用外,变可和其他时态连用. Nacy has had a stomachache all day. 南希胃疼了一天. Before liberation the peasants worked all day, but they got little.,其他: always,often ,these days (months), recently /lately ,so far, up to now ,till/ untill now , in the last few years. Always (总是), often (常常) ， these days(months)(这几天,这几个月)这
16、几个词和词组都是既可以和完成时连用,也可以和其他的时态连用.,Recently/lately(最近,近来),表示包括现在在内的时间,所以常常和现在完成时连用. So far/up to now(到目前为止), till/untill now(到现在),皆和现在密切关联,所以往往用现在完成时. In the last /past few years.(在过去的几年中) 这样的时间状语,一般用于现在完成时(也可用于过去时),Weve always/ often seen him jog in the morning. 我们经常看到他晨跑 Nancy hasnt gone to school rec
17、ently/lately. 南希最近/近来没有去上学. Three students have been rescued so far . 截止到目前,已有三句学生获救. We have learned about 2,000 words in the pas few years.,表示经验的现在完成时,肯定句: I have seen the film three times. 否定句: Ive never seen the film. 疑问句: Have you ever been to UK? 01 基本用法: 表示经验的现在完成时,说明从过去起到现在的经验,即从过去到现在之间曾经经历或
18、做过的事情.说明如下:,1.过去时: Helen read the novel three years ago and she read the novel again and again. (海伦在三年前曾看过这问小说,后来又看了几遍.) 2.现在时: Now Helen knows the novel(or: Now Helen remembers the novel)现在海伦知道/记得这问小说了.,3.现在完成时: Helen has read the novel three times. 这问小说海伦看过三次. 用了现在完成时,就表示动作是过去做的,但对于此事或此物当事人现在还有印象,
19、还记得住.所以表示经验的现在完成时时,有时不用时间状语也可以. Oh ,you are talking about that novel, Its wonderful. Ive read it .,现在完成时表示过去经历过的事情，做过的事情。海伦过去看过三次这部小说，这三次都是过去做过的事情。用现在完成时，就表示过去的这个经历和现在有关系，即暗指现在海伦还记得它，或都这部小说给她印象很深等。所以这个句子包含两句的意思。,如果只用过去时,那么就表示过去和现在没有关系，只是陈述了 “过去看过这部小说”这个客观事实。 02 常用的时间状语 表示经验的现在完成时，常和下列时间状语连用：,置于句中的时间
20、状语（副词）：often,ever,never,ever 用于疑问句中，never用于否定句中。这些副词在句中的位置是固定的，要放在助动词have/has的后面，过去分词的前面，如下：,主语+have/has+副词+过去分词+ We have often read Beijing Youth Daily. 我们经常阅读北京青年。 A：Have you ever seen a UFO? B: Yes, I have. B: No, I havent,I have never drunk pop.我从不喝汽水。 The boy has never finished reading the whol
21、e book since I taught him. 自从我教这个小男孩以来，他从来没读完过一本书。,Never 用于否定句中，表示语气强烈 放在句末的时间状语：表频度的副词，before,yet She has read the poem three times. 她已经读了这首诗三遍了。 I have taught English in this school before. 我以前曾在这个学校教英语,放在句首，常用来对时间提问的疑问词 How often, how many times. How often/How many times+have/has+主语+过去分词.? 用于询问频率
22、、次数的场合,A: How often have you seen the film? B: Only once/twice a month. A: How many times have you been to that country? B: Many times.,03 have/has been的用法 由have/has 与be 动词的过去分词构成的 “have/has been.”表达的意思比较复杂，要注意根据上下文及句子情景去正确使用它。其用法以图表说明如下：,have been to I have been to the Summer Palace twice. 我曾去过颐和园两
23、次（经验） I have been to the museum to see the exhibition . 我到博物馆看展览了。（完成）,Have/has been to 用于“经验”，表示“曾去过”时，常和never,often,once,twice等频度副词连用。 I have often been to Korea. 我曾经常去韩国,have been in We have been in home for the whole day. 我在家呆了一整天。（继续） Have you ever been in America ? 你曾在美国待过吗？,在句子have/has been i
24、n / to .中in/to 后面跟的是名词，如果是副词here,there 则不用to,in。 We have been there for the whole morning. Have you been there? 我们一上午一直在那里。你在那儿吗？,Be动词的过去分词 Be 动词的过去分词不管主语的人称和数，都要用been表示。 We have been tired these days. 这些日子我们很累。 注意以下三个句子的区别：,I am happy(我很幸福)一般现在时 I was happy(我过去很幸福)一般过去时 I have been happy(我一直很幸福)现在完成时,表示完成、结果的现在完成时,My father has just gone out. 我的父亲刚刚出去了。 I have closed the window. 我把窗户关上了。 Mr. Li has gone to Australia. 李先生去澳大利亚了。 表示“完成”、“结果”的现在完成时是表示在过去发生并结束的动作对现在产生的结果和影响。这种用法可分为下面两种情况：,01 表示完成的用法 “完成”的意思为“刚做完.”或“做完了.” 表示过去开始的动作现在刚刚结束，即说话之前刚刚结束。,