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1、-英语单词的音节及读音规则-第 7 页英语单词的音节及读音规则1. 音节概念 在英语单词中元音特别响亮,一个发音的元音就可以构成一个音节,所以英语单词的音节是以发音的元音来确定的。只有一个发音的元音构成的单词称为单音节词,有两个发音的元音构成的单词称为双音节词,三个以上发音的元音构成的单词称为多音节词。例:双音节词:go, he, stand, think, please, take, some, what, glad, smoke, child, taught双音节词:teacher, brother, Sunday, neighbor, darkness, breakfast, comme
2、nt , open多音节词:exercise, holiday, separate, celebrate, institute, opportunity modernization注:一个单词音节数的多少并不是按组成单词字母的多少来划分的。2. 单词重音在英语的双音节以上的单词中,有一个或两个读得特别响亮的音节,我们称为重读音节,国际音标上标有“”这样的重读符号。一般说来一个单词只有一个重音。例:Sunday sndi begin biin3. 开音节开音节一共有两种:一种叫绝对开音节,即直接以发音的元音字母结尾的单词。例:go , he hi:, no n, we wi:, who hu:另
3、一种叫做相对开音节,即发音的元音字母后有一个辅音字母(r 除外)再加一个不发音的字母e。例:make meik, note nt, these i:z, like laik, use ju:z4. 闭音节 发音的元音字母后面有一个或几个辅音字母(r除外)时,这个元音字母构成的音节叫闭音节。如果单词重音在这个音节上,该闭音节就叫做重读闭音节。例:bad bd, thank k, desk desk, sit sit, stick stik, fog f, shop p; sun sn, must mst5. 元音字母在开音节中的一般发音 A a ei, Ee i:, Ii ai, Oo , Uu
4、 ju:例:take teik, late leit, he hi:, theme i:m, time taim, nice nais, no n; joke jk, tune tju:n, cute kju:t;6. 元音字母在重读闭音节中的一般发音 A a , Ee e, Ii i, Oo , Uu 例:lamp lmp, plan pln, well wel, best best, mill mil, wish wi, hot ht; drop drp, club clb, but bt7. 各元音在开音节和闭音节的读音规则1)A a 开音节中多读 ei 字母本身的音。 词例:name,
5、 plane, cake, take; 但have中却发 重读闭音节中多读 。 词例:bad, lamp, tank, cat, mapa 的前面是辅音w时读作。 词例:want, wash, what, qualitya 的后面是 ss, st, sp, sk, th, f, n 时常读作a:。 词例:class, fast, grasp, ask, bath, staff, dance, command2) E e开音节中多读 i: 字母本身的音 词例:he, she, be, these 重读闭音节中多读 e。词例:pen, yes, well, desk, best3) I i (y)
6、开音节中多读 ai 字母本身的音 词例:like, time, bike, why, 但give和 live中却发 i重读闭音节中多读 i。词例:stick, ship, big, mill词尾是-nd和 -ld时,i 可读作ai 词例:kind, find, child4) O o开音节中多读 字母本身的音 词例:no, home, joke, smoke, joke但to, do, who, move, shoe中却发 u:重读闭音节中多读 。词例:hot, fog, shop, long, drop词尾是-st和 -ld时,o 可读作 词例:most, post, bold, cold,
7、 例外both, comb o的后面是 m, n, v, th 时,可读作 词例:son, some, come, one, done, love, glove, mother, brother5)U u 开音节中多读 字母本身的音 词例:use, tune, cute, mule u 在辅音字母l, r, j后面时读作u: 词例:blue, rule, true, June重读闭音节中多读 或u。词例:sun, but, club, must, full, put但truth, busy中却发 u:8. -r 音节-re音节的读音规则ar 常读作a: 词例:car, park, large,
8、 star; 但war, warm, ward却读: er常读作: 词例:verb, term, serve, stern; ir常读作: 词例:girl, first, shirt, birdor常读作: 词例:horse, short, north, sport; 但word, work, world却读:ur常读作: 词例:burn, nurse, hurt, furare常读作e 词例:care, dare, stare, rareere常读作i或e 词例:mere, here, there, were; 但were 却读:ore常读作: 词例:more, wore, sore, st
9、oreire常读作ai 词例:fire, tire, hire, mireure常读作ju或u 词例:pure, cure, manure, sure9. 元音字母组合的读音规则1)a+其它字母al 常读作: 词例:ball, walk, talk, walk, also, 其后有f 或m 时可读a: 例:half, calm, palmau 和augh 常读作: 词例:cause, fault, launch; taught, daughter 例外:laugh a:aw常读作: 词例:law, saw, claw, awful ai 和ay常读作ei 词例:wait, main; day,
10、 playair 和are常读作e 词例:hair, pair, chair; fare, care, dare, stare, share2)e+其它字母ea常读作i: 或e 词例:meat, please, peace, clean; head, dead, lead, bread例外:great, break读作 ei ee常读作i: 词例:meet, three, steel, green, tree, street,needei和 ie常读作i: 词例:field, piece, ceiling, receive有时ei 和ey一样。读作ei 词例:eight, neighbor;
11、prey, grey例外:friend, 读作e height读作ai, review读作 ju:ew常读作ju: 词例:new, few, dew. ew在辅音字母l, r, j后面读作u: 词例:blew, crew, Jewear常读作i 词例:hear, dear, tear; 有时读e 词例:bear, wear, pear 后面有辅音字母时读作: 词例:learn, pearl, early, earth例外:heart, 读作a: year读作j eer常读作i 词例:deer, cheer, beer, pioneer, engineer3)o+其它字母oa常读作 词例:coa
12、t, boat, soap, floatoi和oy常读作i 词例:oil, voice, point; boy, joyoul 常读作 词例:could, would, shouldoo 常读作u: 词例:food, tooth, spoon, school, moon例外:foot, good, stood, 读作 ; blood, flood读作oo 后面是k时读作 词例:book, look, cook, brookoor和 oar 常读作: 词例:door, floor; board, coarse 例外:poor, 读作uou 常读作au或 词例:loud, house, mouth
13、; young, touch, country, trouble例外:group, 读作u:, youth 读作ju:, soul, 读作ough 常读作: 词例:bouught, fought, thought例外:though, 读作, through 读作u:our 常读作: 或 au 词例:four, course, pour; our, hour, sour, flourow 常读作au 或 词例:now, how, town, down; slow, show, grow, snowowe 或ower 常读作au 词例:towel, vowel; power, flower4)i+
14、其它字母ig或igh常读作ai 词例:sign, design; sigh, light, night, bright, eightia, ie或io常读作ai 词例:dialogue, reliable; quiet, science; violet, violence5)u+其它字母 ui 常读作ju: 词例:suit, nuisanceui的前面有辅音字母l, r, j 时,读作u: 词例:sluice, fruit, juice 例外:build读作i注:以上都是元音字母、-r音节和元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音规则。在非重读音节中基本上所有都弱化成短元音。10.辅音字母在单词中的读音
15、规则1)B e 常读作b 或位于词尾不发音。词例:bed, book, bright; comb, lamb, tomb, climb2)C c 常读作k, s 词例:cold, clean cat; nice, city, decide 有时读作 词例:social, musician, precious3)D d 常读作d 词例:day, desk, add, 动词加-ed 时 -ed 的读法 -ed前是清辅音时(t除外),读作 t词例:walked -kt, jumped -pt, missed -st, washed -t-ed前是浊辅音时(d除外),读作 d词例:played -ei
16、d, robbed -bd, closed -zd, begged -d-ed前是 t 和 d 时, 读作 id词例:wanted -tid, needed -did 4) F f常读作 f 词例:five, wife, four, leaf有时读作 词例:social, musician, precious 个别情况读作v 词例:of v 或 v5) G g常读作 词例:girl, game, give, big, ago有时读作d 尤其是在元音字母 e前时此时词尾的ge 读作d,词例:large, page, college, village6) H h常读作h 词例:hot, house
17、, head, hand h 有时不发音。词例:hour, honor, exhibit, rhyme7) J j常读作d 词例:jam, joke, June, judge8) K k常读作k 词例:cake, week, kite, sky9) L l常读作l 词例:land, milk, belt, schooll 有时不发音。词例:walk wk, calm ka:m10) M m常读作m 词例:name, meet, mother, come11) Nn常读作n 词例:line, nine, nice n 在辅音音素k 和 之前读作。词例:bank, think, uncle, fi
18、nger, language12) P p常读作p 词例:pen, sleep, spring, picture13)Q q该字母一般很少单独出现,它常和元音字母 u组成qu字母组合。常读作kw 词例:question, quite, queen14)Rr常读作r 词例:road, right, read 其次是构成r音节或re 音节。15) Ss在词首时常读作s 词例:sit, soap, sky s 在两个元音字母间常读作z 词例:music, season, prisons 在两个元音字母和不发音的e之间有两种读法动词常读作z 词例:close, lose, raise名词或形容词词常读
19、作s 词例:base, case, close, coarses 前或后是清辅音时常读作s 词例:lamps, looks, waits; list, desk, husband s 在辅音字母t之后常读作ts 词例:students, streets s 在辅音字母d之后常读作ds 词例:beds, comrades, prides注s 的读音规则较复杂,还得在具体的学习中去把握。16) T t常读作t 词例:tell, meet, ten, letter17) V v常读作v 词例:voice, love, vote, leave18) W w常读作w 词例:wait, sweet, wa
20、ll, twin. 有时不发音。词例:sword, answer19) X x常读作ks 词例:box, exercise, text, excellentx后面是元音,而且又是重读音节时,常读作z 词例:exam, exist, exact20) Y y出现在单词开头时常读作j 词例:yes, year, yellow 但出现在词尾时可能发ai 或i的音,词例:satisfy, beautify, country。与元音字母构成组合时可能发元音 ei 词例:day, play 21) Z z常读作z 词例:zoo, maze, doze, zone 11. 辅音字母组合的读音1)ch, tc
21、h 读作t词例:child, chart, teach, match, catch, watch ch 有时读作 k 词例:school, chemistry, character, stomach2)ck 常读作k词例:neck, black, stick, pocket3)cc 常读作k词例:accept, accident, success; according, accuse4)ce 常读作s词例:nice, accept, rice, piece 5)dge 常读作d词例:bridge, judge, lodge6)gu, gue 常读作词例:guide, league, guess
22、, dialogue7)ng, 常读作词例:sing, strong, spring, long8)gh, ph 常读作f词例:rough, phrase, cough, enough 但在igh, ough, augh 中gh 不发音,只发元音或元音组合的音。请参见前面 (9. 元音字母组合的读音规则)9)qu, ph 常读作kw词例:quick, quality, quite, question10)sh 常读作词例:she, fish, shirt, wash11)ss 常读作s词例:miss, lesson, class, assist12)th 有两种发音。 其一读作 词例:thin
23、k, three, bath, method 其二读作 词例:this, with, weather , feather, mother13)wh 常读作w词例:what, white, whip, where14)kn 常读作n词例:knife, knee, 15)kn 常读作n词例:knife, knee, 16)tion, 有两种发音。其一读作n 词例:mention, conversation, modernization 其二读作tn 词例:question, suggestion17)sion, 有两种发音。其一读作n 词例:mission, impression其二读作n 词例:decision, television注:以上提供的仅仅是英语单词读音规则的一般规律,尽管英语单词的读音规则有规律可寻,但不是一劳永逸的事,同学们在掌握和熟悉一般规律的前提下还必须多读单词,并注意读准确。特殊读音得采取特殊记忆的方法。