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1、1英语单词的音节及读音规则1.音节概念在英语单词中元音特别响亮，一个发音的元音就可以构成一个音节，所以英语单词的音节是以发音的元音来确定的。只有一个发音的元音构成的单词称为单音节词，有两个发音的元音构成的单词称为双音节词，三个以上发音的元音构成的单词称为多音节词。例：双音节词：go, he, stand, think, please, take, some, what, glad, smoke, child, taught双音节词：teacher, brother, Sunday, neighbor, darkness, breakfast, comment , open多音节词：exerci
2、se, holiday, separate, celebrate, institute, opportunity modernization注：一个单词音节数的多少并不是按 组成单词字母的多少来划分的。2. 单词重音在英语的双音节以上的单词中，有一个或两个读得特别响亮的音节，我们称为重读音节，国际音标上标有“”这样的重读符号。一般说来一个单词只有一个重音。例：Sunday s?ndi begin bi in3. 开音节开音节一共有两种：一种叫绝对开音节，即直接以发音的元音字母结尾的单词。例：go ?, he hi:, no n?, we wi:, who hu:另一种叫做相对开音节，即发音的元
3、音字母后有一个辅音字母（r除外）再加一个不发音的字母e。例：make meik, note n?t, these ei:z, like laik, use ju:z4.闭音节发音的元音字母后面有一个或几个辅音字母（r除外）时，这个元音字母构成的音节叫闭音节。如果单词重音在这个音节上，该闭音节就叫做重读闭音节。例：bad b?d, thank ?k, desk desk, sit sit, stick stik, fog f? , shop ?p; sun s?n, must m?st5. 元音字母在开音节中的一般发音A a ei, Ee i:, Ii ai, Oo ?, Uu ju:例：tak
4、e teik, late leit, he hi:, theme i:m,time taim, nice nais, no n?; joke j?k, tune tju:n, cute kju:t;6. 元音字母在重读闭音节中的一般发音A a ?, Ee e, Ii i, Oo ?, Uu ?名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - 2例：lamp l?mp, plan pl?n, well wel, best best,
5、 mill mil, wish wi?, hot h?t; drop dr?p, club cl?b, but b?t 7. 各元音在开音节和闭音节的读音规则1）A a 开音节中多读ei 字母本身的音。词例：name, plane, cake, take;但have中却发?重读闭音节中多读? 。词例：bad, lamp, tank, cat, mapa的前面是辅音w时读作?。词例：want, wash, what, qualitya的后面是ss, st, sp, sk, th, f, n 时常读作a:。词例：class, fast, grasp, ask, bath, staff, dance
6、, command2) E e开音节中多读i: 字母本身的音词例：he, she, be, these 重读闭音节中多读e。词例：pen, yes, well, desk, best3) I i (y)开音节中多读ai 字母本身的音词例：like, time, bike, why, 但give和live中却发i重读闭音节中多读i 。词例：stick, ship, big, mill词尾是-nd和-ld时，i可读作ai 词例：kind, find, child4) O o开音节中多读? 字母本身的音词例：no, home, joke, smoke, joke但to, do, who, move,
7、 shoe中却发u:重读闭音节中多读?。词例：hot, fog, shop, long, drop词尾是-st和-ld时，o可读作? 词例：most, post, bold, cold,例外both, combo的后面是m, n, v, th 时，可读作? 词例：son, some, come, one, done, love, glove, mother, brother5）U u开音节中多读? 字母本身的音词例：use, tune, cute, muleu 在辅音字母l, r, j后面时读作u:词例：blue, rule, true, June重读闭音节中多读? 或u。词例：sun, bu
8、t, club, must, full, put但truth, busy中却发u:8. -r音节-re音节的读音规则ar 常读作a: 词例：car, park, large, star; 但war, warm, ward却读?: er常读作 :词例：verb, term, serve, stern; ir常读作 :词例：girl, first, shirt, birdor常读作?: 词例：horse, short, north, sport;但word, work, world却读 :名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
9、- 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - 3ur常读作 :词例：burn, nurse, hurt, furare常读作e?词例：care, dare, stare, rareere常读作i?或e?词例：mere, here, there, were;但were 却读 :ore常读作?: 词例：more, wore, sore, storeire常读作ai?词例：fire, tire, hire, mireure常读作ju?或u?词例：pure, cure, manure, sure9. 元音字母组合的读音规则1）a+其它字母al
10、 常读作?: 词例：ball, walk, talk, walk, also, 其后有f或m时可读a:例：half, calm, palmau 和augh 常读作?: 词例：cause, fault, launch; taught, daughter 例外：laugh a:aw常读作?: 词例：law, saw, claw, awfulai 和ay常读作ei 词例：wait, main; day, playair 和are常读作e?词例：hair, pair, chair; fare, care, dare, stare, share2）e+其它字母ea常读作i:或e词例：meat, plea
11、se, peace, clean; head, dead, lead, bread例外：great, break读作eiee常读作i:词例：meet, three, steel, green, tree, street,needei和ie常读作i:词例：field, piece, ceiling, receive有时ei和ey一样。读作ei词例：eight, neighbor; prey, grey例外：friend,读作eheight读作ai, review读作ju:ew常读作ju:词例：new, few, dew. ew在辅音字母l, r, j后面读作u:词例：blew, crew, Je
12、wear常读作i?词例：hear, dear, tear; 有时读e?词例：bear, wear, pear后面有辅音字母时读作 :词例：learn, pearl, early, earth例外：heart,读作a:year读作j?eer常读作i?词例：deer, cheer, beer, pioneer, engineer3）o+其它字母oa常读作? 词例：coat, boat, soap, floatoi和oy常读作?i 词例：oil, voice, point; boy, joyoul常读作? 词例：could, would, shouldoo常读作u: 词例：food, tooth,
13、spoon, school, moon例外：foot, good, stood,读作? ; blood, flood读作?名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - 4oo后面是 k 时读作? 词例：book, look, cook, brookoor和oar常读作?: 词例：door, floor; board, coarse例外：poor,读作u?ou常读作au或? 词例：loud, house, mouth; youn
14、g, touch, country, trouble例外：group,读作u:, youth读作ju:,soul,读作?ough常读作?: 词例：bouught, fought, thought例外：though,读作?, through读作u:our常读作?: 或au?词例：four, course, pour; our, hour, sour, flourow常读作au 或? 词例：now, how, town, down; slow, show, grow, snowowe 或ower常读作au?词例：towel, vowel; power, flower4）i+其它字母ig或igh常读
15、作ai 词例：sign, design; sigh, light, night, bright, eightia, ie或io常读作ai?词例：dialogue, reliable; quiet, science; violet, violence5）u+其它字母ui 常读作ju: 词例：suit, nuisanceui的前面有辅音字母l, r, j时，读作u:词例：sluice, fruit, juice例外：build读作i注：以上都是元音字母、-r音节和元音字母 组合在重读音节中的读音规则。在非重读音节中基本上所有都弱化成短元音?。10. 辅音字母在单词中的读音规则1）B e 常读作b
16、或位于词尾不发音。词例：bed, book, bright; comb, lamb, tomb, climb2）C c 常读作k, s 词例：cold, clean cat; nice, city, decide 有时读作?词例：social, musician, precious3）D d 常读作d词例：day, desk, add, 动词加-ed 时-ed 的读法-ed前是清辅音时（t除外） ,读作t词例：walked -kt, jumped -pt, missed -st, washed -?t-ed前是浊辅音时（d除外） ,读作d词例：played -eid, robbed -bd,
17、closed -zd, begged - d-ed前是t 和d 时, 读作id词例：wanted -tid, needed -did4)F f常读作f词例：five, wife, four, leaf有时读作?词例：social, musician, precious个别情况读作v 词例：of ?v 或?v名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - 55)G g常读作 词例：girl, game, give, big, ag
18、o有时读作d?尤其是在元音字母e前时此时词尾的ge读作 d?，词例：large, page, college, village6)H h常读作h词例：hot, house, head, hand h 有时不发音。词例：hour, honor, exhibit, rhyme7)J j常读作d?词例：jam, joke, June, judge8)K k常读作k词例：cake, week, kite, sky9)L l常读作l词例：land, milk, belt, schooll 有时不发音。词例：walk w?k, calm ka:m10)M m常读作m词例：name, meet, mothe
19、r, come11)Nn常读作n词例：line, nine, nice n 在辅音音素 k 和 之前读作 ?。词例：bank, think, uncle, finger, language12)P p常读作p词例：pen, sleep, spring, picture13)Q q该字母一般很少单独出现，它常和元音字母u组成qu字母组合。常读作kw词例：question, quite, queen14)Rr常读作r词例：road, right, read 其次是构成r音节或re 音节。15)Ss在词首时常读作s词例：sit, soap, skys 在两个元音字母间常读作z词例：music, se
20、ason, prisons 在两个元音字母和不发音的e之间有两种读法动词常读作z词例：close, lose, raise名词或形容词词常读作s词例：base, case, close, coarses 前或后是清辅音时常读作s词例：lamps, looks, waits; list, desk, husbands 在辅音字母t之后常读作ts词例：students, streetss 在辅音字母d之后常读作ds词例：beds, comrades, prides注 s 的读音规则较 复杂， 还得在具体的学 习中去把握。16)T t常读作t词例：tell, meet, ten, letter17)
21、 V v常读作v词例：voice, love, vote, leave18) W w常读作w词例：wait, sweet, wall, twin. 有时不发音。词例：sword, answer19) X x常读作ks词例：box, exercise, text, excellentx后面是元音 ,而且又是重读音节时，常读作 z 词例：exam, exist, exact20) Y y出现在单词开头时常读作j词例：yes, year, yellow但出现在词尾时可能发ai或i的音，词例：satisfy, beautify, country。与元音字母构成组合时可能发元音ei 词例：day, pl
22、ay 21) Z z常读作z词例：zoo, maze, doze, zone 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - 611. 辅音字母组合的读音1）ch, tch读作t?词例：child, chart, teach, match, catch, watchch有时读作k 词例：school, chemistry, character, stomach2）ck常读作 k词例：neck, black, stick, poc
23、ket3）cc常读作k词例：accept, accident, success; according, accuse4）ce常读作s词例：nice, accept, rice, piece 5）dge常读作d?词例：bridge, judge, lodge6）gu, gue常读作 词例：guide, league, guess, dialogue7）ng, 常读作?词例：sing, strong, spring, long8）gh, ph 常读作f词例：rough, phrase, cough, enough但在igh, ough, augh 中gh 不发音，只发元音或元音组合的音。请参见前面
24、（9. 元音字母组合的读音规则）9）qu, ph 常读作kw词例：quick, quality, quite, question10）sh 常读作?词例：she, fish, shirt, wash11）ss 常读作s词例：miss, lesson, class, assist12）th 有两种发音。其一读作 词例：think, three, bath, method其二读作e词例：this, with, weather , feather, mother13）wh 常读作w词例：what, white, whip, where14）kn 常读作n词例：knife, knee, 15）kn 常
25、读作n词例：knife, knee, 16）tion, 有两种发音。其一读作?n 词例：mention, conversation, modernization其二读作t?n词例：question, suggestion17）sion, 有两种发音。其一读作?n 词例：mission, impression其二读作?n词例：decision, television注：以上提供的仅仅是英语单词读 音规则 的一般 规律，尽管英语单词的读音规则有规律可寻，但不是一劳永逸的事，同学 们在掌握和熟悉一般规律的前提下 还必须多读单词 ，并注意读准确。特殊读音得采取特殊 记忆的方法。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 6 页，共 6 页 - - - - - - - - -