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1、精品_精品资料_专题一 谓语动词一、非谓语动词的句法功能主语宾语表语定语宾语补足语不定式 动名词 现在分词过去分词二非谓语动词详细用法详述不定式的用法一般式： to do 不定式 :与谓语动词动作同时或在之后发生They pretend ed not to see us.进行式： to be doing 与谓语动词 动作同时发生 He pretended to be sl eeping.完成式： to have done 表示动作发生在谓语动词动作之前He pretended to have known it before.完成进行式： to have been doing. We are h
2、appyto have been working with you.否认 not to do一般被动式 :to be done 将来动作 完成被动式： to have been done 强调动作发生在主句动作之前不定式作主语表示详细的动作.不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数.eg: To say is a thing, to do is another. 说是一回事,做是另外一回事.2 不定式短语较长时,通常放在谓语之后,用it 作形式主语.eg: It is important to l earn English well. 学好英语是重要的. 2 不定式作表语1 不定式作表语放在be 和其他
3、系动词后, 说明主语的内容.His goal was to enter the key university of Beijing.(2) 不定式作主语时,表语也必需为不定式,结构必需保持一样.eg: To see is to believe.3. 不定式作宾语1 to do 表示特定,详细,将来的动作.常只用不定式作宾语的动词有want, wish, hope, l ong, expect, desire, intend, decide, ask, promise, aim, offer, agree, plan, learn, choose, refuse, fail, manage, p
4、retend等.eg: He refused to help me. 他拒绝帮忙我 .(2) 谓语动词 +宾语+宾语补足语.假如作宾语的不定式较长时,也可用it 代替,放在后面.eg; I find it difficult to do the job well.(3) 特“殊疑问词不定式to do 结构 ”具出名词特点,可作宾语.eg: She didnt know whether to go or not. They havent decided when and where to build the school.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_3 不定式可作介 but,
5、 except, besides式就无 to.否就必带 to .除“之外 ”的宾语,介词前有实义动词do 的任何一种形式,后边的不定可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_eg: I want to do nothing but play the computer games. I have no choice but to wait.4 不定式作定语不定式作定语表示将来,常放在所修饰的名词或代词后.留意及物问题eg: I havea lot of housework to do.区分“I have a lot of housework to be done ” .He is the
6、first man to do the job. 名词被序数词修饰,用不定式做定语由 only , last, next , 序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词后常用不定式作定语.Jim is the only student to answer the question correctly in his class. You are the last to undertake the blood test.有些抽象名词. 主要有： reason ,right, time ,effort,chance , way 等.如： thetime to go to school ,the way to g
7、et to the clinic, the chance to win the game.假如不定式中的动词是不及物动词, 就不定式中要有介词.I have something to say.He has a lot of homework to do . He is looking for a room to live in . There is nothing to worry about.5. 不定式作状语不定式作状语主要是表示目的、缘由和结果,可位于句首或句末,但句首时通常用逗号隔开.eg: We set off early that morning to catch the firs
8、t bus.目的 To get a good result, she worked very hard.目的 She was very happy to get the first prize.缘由 He worked hard only to fail.结果注：不定式常用在so as to do 或 in order to do 后,与它们一起作状语,表示目的,但so as to do 不行置于句首.eg: In order to avoid mistakes, check your homework.不定式表结果常常和only 连用,往往表示出乎意料的意想不到的不想得到的结果.区分分词eg
9、: He hurried to the station ,only to find the train had left.不定式作补语表示宾语所所做的动作或者和宾语有表语关系,表示状态、特性、身份等.另外,不定式可作使役动词、感官动词的补语,表示动作的完成或已经终止.宾语与作补语的不定式之间是主动关系.（1 ）后接动词不定式作宾补的常见的动词有：want, wish, expect, prefer, like, hate, ask, beg, request, require, beg,get, advise, persuad e, invite,order, remind, permit,
10、all ow, send 等.2 动词不定式可作感官动词五看二听一感觉即：see, look at, watch, observe, notice ,hear, listen to ,feel 和使让动词 let, make, have 等后面的宾补时,不定式符号to 要省略,但假如句子变被动结构,必需复原to.eg: He made them climb the hill. They were made to climb the hill.不带 TO的用法仍有些类似于情态动词的词语如rather than, had better, wouldrather, mightas well等之后,不
11、定式不带to. 如：We might as well go without him.我们可以不让他跟去.You d better go now.你最好现在走.动名词用法可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_一般式:doing 动名词 :无时间性或在谓语动作同时发生完成式:having done 强调动作发生在谓语动词动作之前一般被动式 :being d one完成被动having been d one动名词具有动词和名词的特点,有一般式和完成式,有主动式和被动式,可作主语、宾语、表语和定语.否认形式在其前面加 not.1 动名词作主语动名词作主语表示抽象动作,指一件已知的事或体会.R
12、eading is my hobby.(2) 动名词可作表语动名词可作表语,一般为主语的内容.表示一般性或习惯性的动作.在概念上可以和主语划等号.把主语和表语倒过来,句子的基本含义不变.eg: His hobby is painting.留意：不定式和动名词都有对称性.eg: To see is to believe.Seeing is believing.eg: I can t imagine marrying her. She managed to esc ape being punished.只接动名词作宾语的动词词组有：give up, bel ong to, look forward
13、 to, keep on, insist on, be busy, get down to, bedevoted to, have difficulty/troublein,have a good/wonderful time in等.留意介词 toeg: I omokling forward to hearing from you soon. He gave up smoking three years.留意：动词后to do/,doing二者都可跟,意义不同的有：remember to do sth forget to do sth regret to do sthgo on to do
14、sth stop to do sth try to do sthmean to do sth记起要做某事 remember d oing sth遗忘要做某事 forget doing sth遗憾要做某事 regret doing sth接着做另外一件事go on doing sth记起做过某事遗忘做过某事后悔做过某事接着做同一件事停下来开头做另外一件某事尽力做某事 try doing sth准备意欲,妄想做某事stop doing sth试着做某事mean doing sth停止做正在做的某事意味着做某事can t helptodo sth 不能帮忙做某事 can t help doing s
15、th 情不自禁的做某事be worth doingsb need/want/require to dosth need/want/require doing/to be done(3) 动名词作宾语doing 作宾语表示泛指, 一般,常常性,习惯性的动作. 常只用动名词作宾语的动词有： admit, avoid, appreciate , consider, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, imagine, keep, mind , miss, practise , risk, resist, suggest,advise,allow,等. 背诵
16、规律：一个单词：MEGA4FEPS一句话：考虑设想,错过冒险.(4) 动名词可作定语动名词可作定语,表示所修饰事物的功能或用途.eg: He often studies in the reading room.eg: I prefer swimming to fishing. I lik e to swim in the river because its too hot today.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_现在分词一般式:doing 现在分词 :与谓语动词动作同时或之后发生完成式:having done 作现在分词时,只作状语,强调动作发生在谓语动词动作之前一般被动式
17、 :being d one不作状语完成被动式 :having been done 只 作状语,强调动作发生在主句动作之前现在分词具有动词、形容词和副词的特点,在句中作定语、状语、补语和表语.1 作表语现在分词作表语相当于形容词,常表示主语所具有的特点,含有主动意味.大多数使动词的现在分词通常可作表语,常见的有： interesting, amusing, boring, tiring, pleasing, exciting, moving, disappointing, surprising, encouraging等.*总结引起感觉的词的分词用法eg: His story was very
18、moving. The speech is really boring. 2 作定语现在分词作定语,单个v-ing 放在被修饰的名词前.假如短语作定语,就放在所修饰词的后面.v-ing 作定语和被修饰词之间为主动关系,表示动作正在同时进行或常常性发生,也可表示特点.eg: the falling leaves the leaves which are falling the rising sun the sun which is rising I saw him go into the house facing south.3 作状语在句子中,现在分词作状语,与句中主语形成规律上的主谓关系,表
19、示与主句谓语动词动作同时发生,或没有肯定的时间性.动词-ing 或其短语作状语时,可以表示时间、条件、缘由、结果、让步、方式、相伴等.表示时间关系的动词-ing短语可由连词 whil e 或 when 引出.eg: Hearing the news, they got excited. 时间 Having finished his homework, she was playing on the playground.缘由/ 时间 4 作补语现在分词作补语表示动作正在进行,宾语与作补语的现在分词之间是主动关系.后面常接现在分词作宾补的动词有感官动词五看二听一感觉see, look at, wa
20、tch, observe, notice, hear, listen to, feel使让动词 have, get以及其他类动词 leave, keep, catch, set 等.表示动作正在进行.eg: I saw them playing games on the playground yesterday. Don teal ve him waiting outside the room.注：“连词 +doing 短语 ”一般情形下,分词作状语时,只能依据规律关系而不能依据语法特点来判定它是时间状语、条件状语或让步状语等.因此,有时会遇到很难判定其归属的情形.但假如在其前加上when,
21、if, once, since等连词,就会很清晰的说明状语的性质.对于这种结构,也可作另外的说明,即在连词与现在分词之间省略了主语和be 动词.eg: Whiel I wastrying to open the can, I cut my hand. Though not understanding=he didnt understand french, he he was abl e to communicate with other Students. Be careful whenyou arecrossing the road.=Be careful when you cross th
22、e road.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_过去分词一般式： donevt 分词表被动或完成 在句子中,过去分词与句中主语形成规律上的动宾关系,表示完成或没有肯定的时间性.过去分词既有副词的特点又有动词的特点,在句中可作定语、状语、补语、表语等成分.1 作定语过去分词作定语,表示已经完成或特点.它和被修饰词之间是被动、完成关系,单个过去分词作定语放在前,过去分词短语作定语放在后.其中及物动词的过去分词表示完成或被动概念,不及物动词的过去分词只表示完成概念,没有被动的意味.eg: the risen sun the sun which has risen fall en lea
23、vesleaves which has fall en This is the house built last year. This is the house which was built last year.区分： to be donebeing donedone 作定语的区分(2) 作状语过去分词在句中作状语,说明动作发生的背景或情形.它和被修饰词之间是被动关系.它在句中可以作时间、条件、缘由、方式、让步和相伴状语.eg: Tired out, they stopped to have a rest. 缘由/ 时间可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_ Taken aroun
24、d the city, we were impressed by the cityook. s new l可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_ Though warned of the danger ,he still went skating on the thin ice.(3) 作补语与宾语是被动关系可以带过去分词作宾补的动词常有有感官动词五看二听一感觉 ,使役动词 have, get, make 等, 以及其他类动 keep, leave, like, want, wish 等.eg: I had my leg broken last week.非谓语动词的独立结构非谓语动
25、词的独立结构为 “名词或代词非谓语动词 ”或“with名词 / 代词非谓语动词 ”.在语法上是一个独立的短语,不是句子 即： 非谓语动词的规律主语与主句主语不一样,须保留之后所构成的结构 .可放在句首或句尾.一 名词或代词非谓语动词1 名词 / 代词不定式名词或代词通常为动作的执行者,与不定式构成规律上的主谓关系,可位于句首或句末.eg: He will send me 100 first, the rest to follow in a year.(2) 名词/ 代词现在分词名词或代词通常为现在分词所表示的动作的执行者,与现在分词构成规律上的主谓关系.eg :Time permitting,
26、 we will finish the work.表条件 Spring coming on, the trees turns green.表时间 3 名词 / 代词过去分词名词或代词通常为过去分词所表示的动作的承担者.与过去分词构成规律上的动宾关系或系表关系.eg: The signal given, the bus started. Their strength exhausted, they sankdown one by one.二 with 名词/ 代词非谓语动词1 with 名词 / 代词不定式可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_不定式和宾语之间是被动关系,表示动作尚未发
27、生.eg: With nothing to do, they went out for a walk.表缘由(2) with 名词 / 代词现在分词宾语和动词 -ing 之间是主动关系,表示的动作和谓语动词的动作同时发生.eg: The boy slept with the light burning.表相伴(3) with 名词 / 代词过去分词不定式和宾语之间是被动关系,表示动作已经完成.eg: They stayed inside with the door l ocked.表相伴3. Where did he go. He went to another store.A. to buy
28、 pencilsB. for buying pencilsC. buy pencilsD. buying pencils4. My baby has a heart trouble. Did the doctor find it difficult.A. in treatingB. treatingC. for treatingD. to treat5. Did the judge ask you many questions. Yes, and.A. they were difficult to be answeredB.to answer them was to be difficult
29、C.they were difficult to answerD.they had difficulty in answering6. The lost child desired nothing buthome.A. goB. to goC. goingD. went7. Last summer I took a course on.A. how to make dressesB. how dresses be madeC. how to be made dressesD. how dresses to be made10. Now we could not do anything butf
30、or him here.A. waitedB. waitingC. to waitD. wait11. I don t know her and I don t.A. wantB. want toC. want itD. want so12. To play fair is as important as.A. to play wellB. play wellC. we play wellD. playing well13. It s most foolishso.A. for you to sayB. of you to sayC. with you sayingD. in your say
31、ing14. I have no pen.A. writingB. to writeC. to write withD. to be writing15. Those letters areto the countryside right away.A. to be sentB. sendingC. to have been sentD. sent16. our wishes, we must try our best to work well.A. RealizingB. To realizeC. RealizedD. Having realized17. Would you pleaseo
32、n the table.A. don t writeB. not to writeC. not writeD. not writing18. Tom pretendedsomething when his mother came in.A. writingB. to writeC. to be writingD. being written19. We are all afraidby robbers.A. to robB. to be robbedC. of robbingD. of being robbed20. I m sorryoff the light when I left the
33、 room.A. to forget to turnB. to have forgotten to turnC. to have forgotten turning21. The child had no choice but.A. to cryB. cryD. to be forgetting turningC. cryingD. cried可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_22. Don t take the medicine. It can t helprid of your cold.A. gettingB. to getC. to gettingD. gets23. D
34、o you get someoneyour clothes. Yes, I often have them.A. wash/washedB. to wash/washedC. washing/washD. washed/washing24. They did not observe herin and go upstairs.A. to comeB. comingC. comeD. has come26. With all her friends and money gone, she really didn t know.A. how to doB. what to doC. which t
35、o doD. when to do27. Does anybody want an extra ticket to go to the play. Whom would you rather havewith you, George or me.A. to goB. goC. goneD. going28. Can you ride a horse. No, I never had the chance.A. for learning itB. for learning howC. how to learn itD. to learn how29. I didn t hear youin la
36、st night. That s good. We triednoisy.A. come/not beingB. coming/to not beC. coming/not beingD.come/not to be30. We advised herthere at once.A. should getB. getsC. to getD. to getting31. We agreedhere but so far she hasn t turned up yet.A. having metB. meetingC. to have metD. to meet32. He would sit
37、alone and listen to Marythe piano.A. to playB. playingC. playedD. play33. He ishonest a mana lie.A. so/to tellB. too/to tellC. very/to tellD. such/that tell34. I ran too fastwhere I was going.A. to noticeB. for me to noticeC. to notice for meD. and notice35. That beggar seemsanything yesterday.A. no
38、t to have eatenB. not to eatC. didn t eatD. to not have eaten36. To learn to speak English well,.A. much practice is neededB. one needs much practiceC. much practice is needed by oneD. one is needed much practice37. We didn t expect our offerso quickly.A. rejectedB. to rejectedC. to be rejectedD. re
39、jecting38. My mother will be sorrythat news.A. hearingB. to be heardC. when hearD. to hear39. I d rather lose the game.A. not to hurt himB. not hurt himC. than to hurt himD. than hurt him40. It is Master Wu who taught usthe machine.A. how to do withB. ranC. how to runD. how could run43. She seemedat
40、 the news.A. surprisingB. surpriseC. surprisedD. to surprise44. The man will do everything he cana camera for his wife.A. to getB. gotC. buyD. bought可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_46. You look light-hearted. Nothing seemsto you.A. to happenB. to have been happenedC. to have happenedD. to be happened47. The
41、 matter had betteras it is.A. leaveB. being leftC. leavingD. be left48. I wanted to have himthe job, but she had itinstead.A. do/doneB. does/doingC. to do/doingD. to do/done49. What he said made us deeply.A. moveB. movedC. to moveD. moving50. He likes parties. He is always the firstand the last.A. coming/leavingB. to come/leaveC. come/leaveD. to come/to leave参考答案1 5 CCADC6 10 BAADD11 15 BABCA16 20 BCCDB21 25 ABBCD26 30 BBDDC31 35 DBBAA36 40 BCDDC41 45 ACCAD46 50 CDABD可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载