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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 机电一体化技术现状和进展趋势中英文浅谈Mechanical and electrical integration technology present situation and development trend 现代科学技术的不断进展 ,极大地推动了不同学科的交叉与渗透 ,工程领域的技术改造与革命；在机械工程领域 ,由于微电子技术和运算机技术的快速进展及其向机械工业的渗透所形成的机电一体化 ,使机械工业的技术结构、产品结构、功能与构成、生产方式及治理体系发生了庞大变化 ,使工业生产由“ 机械电气化” 迈入以“ 机电一体化” 为特点的进展阶段
2、；The continuous development of modern science and technology, greatly promote the intersection and infiltration of different subjects, technical transformation and revolution in the field of engineering. In the field of mechanical engineering, due to the rapid development of microelectronics technol
3、ogy and computer technology to the penetration of mechanical industry and mechanical and electrical integration, formed by the technology of mechanical industry structure, product structure, function and structure, great changes have taken place in production mode and management system, the industri
4、al production by the mechanical electrification entering the stage of development characterized by mechatronics . 1 机电一体化概述1 summary of electromechanical integration 机电一体化是指在机构的主功能、动力功能、信息处理功能和掌握功能上引进电子技术 ,将机械装置与电子化设计及软件结合起来所构成的系统的总称；Electromechanical integration refers to the agencys main function,
5、 dynamic function, information processing and control functions on the introduction of electronic technology, combining mechanical device and electronic design and software of the floorboard of the system. 机电一体化进展至今已经成为一门有着自身体系的新型学科 ,随着科学技术的不断进展 ,仍将被赐予新的内容；但其基本特点可概括为 :机电一体化是从系统的观点动身 ,综合运用机械技术、微电子技术、
6、自动掌握技术、运算机技术、信息技术、传感测控技术及电力电子技术 ,依据系统功能目标要求 ,合理配置与布局各功能单元 ,在多功能、高质量、高牢靠性、低能耗的意义上实现特定功能价值 ,并使整个系统最优化的系统工程技术；由此而产生的功能系统 ,就成为一个机电一体化系统或机电一体化产品；因此,“ 机电一体化” 涵盖“ 技术” 和“ 产品” 两个方面；机电一体化技术是基于上述群体技术有机融合的一种综合技术 ,而不是机械技术、微电子技术及其它新技术的简洁组合、拼凑；这是机电一体化与机械加电气所形成名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - -
7、 的机械电气化在概念上的根本区分；机械工程技术由纯技术进展到机械电气化 ,仍属传统机械,其主要功能依旧是代替和放大的体系；但是 ,进展到机电一体化后 ,其中的微电子装置除可取代某些机械部件的原有功能外 ,仍被赐予很多新的功能 ,如自动检测、自动处理信息、自动显示记录、自动调剂与掌握、自动诊断与爱护等；也就是说,机电一体化产品不仅是人的手与肢体的延长,仍是人的感官与头脑的延长,智能化特点是机电一体化与机械电气化在功能上的本质区分；Electromechanical integration development has become a has its own system of new sub
8、ject, with the continuous development of science and technology, will also be given new content. But its basic characteristics can be summarized as: electromechanical integration from a system perspective, integrated use of mechanical technology, microelectronics technology, automatic control techno
9、logy, computer technology, information technology, the sensor measurement and control technology and power electronic technology, in accordance with the requirements of system function goal, reasonable configuration and layout of each function unit in the multi-function, high quality, high reliabili
10、ty, low energy consumption sense, realize the value of a specific function, and optimize the whole system of systems engineering technology. As a function of the system, then become a mechatronics system or mechanical and electrical integration products. Therefore, mechatronics covers two aspects of
11、 technology and product. Mechanical and electrical integration technology is based on the group technology of organic integration of a comprehensive technology, rather than mechanical technology, microelectronics technology and other new technology of simple combination and piece together. This is f
12、ormed by mechanical and electrical integration and the mechanical and electrical mechanical electrification on the concept of fundamental difference. Mechanical engineering technology has developed from a pure technology to mechanical electrification, still belongs to the traditional machinery, its
13、main function is to replace and amplification system. But, after the development to the mechanical and electrical integration, one of the microelectronic devices in addition to replace some of the mechanical parts of the original function, and was endowed with many new features, such as automatic de
14、tection, automatic processing information, automatic display, automatic adjustment and control, automatic diagnosis and protection, etc. That is to say, is not only the hand of the electromechanical integration products and an extension of the body, or an extension of the human senses and mind, inte
15、lligence is characterized by mechanical and electrical integration and mechanical electrification on the function of the essential differences between. 2 机电一体化的进展状况2 development of electromechanical integration 名师归纳总结 机电一体化的进展大体可以分为三个阶段:120 世纪 60 岁月以前为第一阶段,这一阶段称为第 2 页,共 8 页初级阶段；在这一时期,人们自觉不自觉地利用电子技术的
16、初步成果来完善机械产品的性能；特殊是在其次次世界大战期间,战争刺激了机械产品与电子技术的结合,这些机电结合的军用技术 ,战后转为民用,对战后经济的复原起到了积极的作用；那时,研制和开发从总体上- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 看仍处于自发状态；由于当时电子技术的进展尚未达到肯定水平,机械技术与电子技术的结合仍不行能广泛和深化进展 ,已经开发的产品也无法大量推广；220 世纪 70 80 岁月为第二阶段 ,可称为蓬勃进展阶段；这一时期 ,运算机技术、掌握技术、通信技术的进展 ,为机电一体化的进展奠定了技术基础；大规模、超大规模集成电路和微型运算机的显现
17、,为机电一体化的进展供应了充分的物质基础；这个时期的特点是:mechatronics 一词第一在日本被普遍接受 ,大约到 20 世纪 80 岁月末期在世界范畴内得到比较广泛的承认；机电一体化技术和产品得到了极大进展；各国均开头对机电一体化技术和产品赐予很大的关注和支持；320世纪 90 岁月后期 ,开头了机电一体化技术向智能化方向迈进的新阶段 ,机电一体化进入深化进展时期；一方面 ,光学、通信技术等进入机电一体化 ,微细加工技术也在机电一体化中崭露头脚 ,显现了光机电一体化和微机电一体化等新分支；另一方面,对机电一体化系统的建模设计、分析和集成方法,机电一体化的学科体系和进展趋势都进行了深化讨
18、论；同时,人工智能技术、神经网络技术及光纤技术等领域取得的庞大进步,为机电一体化技术开创了进展的广阔天地；这些讨论,使机电一体化进一步建立了坚实的基础,并且逐步形成完整的学科体系；Electromechanical integration development can be roughly divided into three stages: 1 until the 1960 s for the first stage, this stage is called the primary stage. In this period, people consciously or unconsci
19、ously use the preliminary results of electronic technology to improve the mechanical performance of the product. Especially during the second world war, the war stimulated the combination of mechanical products and electronic technology, the electrical and mechanical combination of military technolo
20、gy, after the war to civilian use, played a positive role in post-war economic recovery. At that time, the research and development from the overall is still in the spontaneous condition. Because at that time, the development of electronic technology has yet to reach a certain level, the combination
21、 of mechanical technology and electronic technology also could not have extensive and in-depth development, has developed a large number of promotion products cannot. 2 70-80 - s of the 20th century to the second phase, can be called a stage of vigorous development. During this period, the developme
22、nt of computer technology, control technology, communication technology, laid the technical foundation for the development of electromechanical integration. Large-scale, the emergence of very large scale integrated circuit and a microcomputer for the development of electromechanical integration prov
23、ides sufficient material basis. This period is characterized by: the term mechatronics first in Japan is generally accepted, approximately to the late 1980 s, get more widely acknowledged throughout the world ；Mechanical and electrical integration technologies and products obtained great development
24、； All countries began to electromechanical integration technology and products to give great attention and support. 3 in the late 1990 s, started a new stage of electromechanical integration technology to the intelligent direction, electromechanical integration into the development period. On the on
25、e hand, optics and communication technology into the mechanical and electrical integration, micro processing technology also come in mechatronics, appeared photo-mechanic-electronic integration and micro-electro-mechanical integration of new branches； On the other hand, the modeling of the mechanica
26、l and electrical integration of system design, analysis, and integration method, mechanical and electrical integration of subject system and development trend were studied. At the same time, the artificial intelligence technology, neural network technology and optical fiber technology in areas such
27、as the great progress, for mechanical and electrical integration technology has opened up a wide space for the development of. These studies, make the mechanical and electrical integration further established the solid 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - foundation, and gradually
28、 formed a complete scientific system. 我国是从 20 世纪 80 岁月初才开头进行这方面的讨论和应用；国务院成立了机电一体化领导小组 ,并将该技术列入“863 方案” 中；在制定“ 九五” 规划和 2022 年进展纲要时充分考虑了国际上关于机电一体化技术的进展动向和由此可能带来的影响；很多大专院校、讨论机构及一些大中型企业对这一技术的进展及应用做了大量的工作 本等先进国家相比 ,仍有相当差距；,取得了肯定成果；但与日From the early 1980 s in our country started to the research and applic
29、ation. Established the mechanical and electrical integration of leading group of the state council, and the technology included in the 863 project. In formulating the ninth five-year plan and development plan in 2022 when fully considering the international on the development trend of the electromec
30、hanical integration technology and the likely impact of. Many universities and colleges, research institutions and large and medium-sized enterprises to the development of this technology and its application to do a lot of work, has obtained certain results. But compared with Japan and other advance
31、d countries, there are still quite a gap. 3 机电一体化的进展趋势3 the development trend of electromechanical integration 机电一体化是集机械、电子、光学、掌握、运算机、信息等多学科的交叉综合 ,它的进展和 进步依靠并促进相关技术的进展；机电一体化的主要进展方向大致有以下几个方面 : Mechatronics is a collection of machinery, electronics, optics, control, computer, information and other mul
32、ti-disciplinary overlapping comprehensive, its development and progress depend on and promote the development of related technologies. Mechanical and electrical integration of the main development direction to roughly the following several aspects: 3.1 智能化3.1 intelligent 智能化是 21 世纪机电一体化技术的一个重要进展方向；人
33、工智能在机电一体化的讨论中日 益得到重视 ,机器人与数控机床的智能化就是重要应用之一；这里所说的“ 智能化” 是对机器行为的描述 ,是在掌握理论的基础上,吸取人工智能、运筹学、运算机科学、模糊数学、心理学、生理学和混沌动力学等新思想、新方法 ,使它具有判定推理、规律思维及自主决策等 才能 ,以求得到更高的掌握目标；诚然 ,使机电一体化产品具有与人完全相同的智能 ,是不行 能的 ,也是不必要的；但是 ,高性能、高速度的微处理器使机电一体化产品赋有低级智能或者 人的部分智能 ,就是完全可能而且必要的；Intelligent mechanical and electrical integration
34、 technology in the 21st century is an important development direction. In the study of mechanical and electrical integration of artificial intelligence is increasingly get attention, robot and intelligent nc machine tool is one of the 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - important
35、 application. Here intelligence is the description of machine behavior, is in control theory, on the basis of absorption, fuzzy mathematics, artificial intelligence, operations research, computer science, psychology, physiology and chaotic dynamics, new ideas, new methods, such as giving it a judgme
36、nt, reasoning, logical thinking and independent decision making ability, in order to get a higher control target. Admittedly, make intelligent mechatronics products have exactly the same with people, is impossible and also unnecessary. However, high performance, high speed microprocessors make mecha
37、nical and electrical integration products possess low intelligence or one part of the intelligence, it is entirely possible and necessary. 3.2 模块化3.2 modular 模块化是一项重要而艰难的工程；由于机电一体化产品种类和生产厂家繁多 ,研制和开发具 有标准机械接口、电气接口、动力接口和环境接口等的机电一体化产品单元是一项特别复 杂但又特别重要的事情；如研制集减速、智能调速、电机于一体的动力单元 ,具有视觉、图像处理、识别和测距等功能的掌握单元,以
38、及各种能完成典型操作的机械装置等；有了这些标准单元就可快速开发出新产品,同时也可以扩大生产规模；为了达到以上目的,仍需要制定各项标准 ,以便于各部件、单元的匹配；由于利益冲突 标准 ,但可以通过组建一些大企业逐步形成；明显,近期很难制定出国际或国内这方面的 ,从电气产品的标准化、系列化带来的好处可以确定 ,无论是对生产标准机电一体化单元的企业,仍是对生产机电一体化产品的企业,模块化将给机电一体化企业带来美好的前程；Modularity is an important and arduous engineering. Due to mechanical and electrical integr
39、ation products and manufacturers, research and development has a standard mechanical interface, electrical interfaces, power and environment interface mechanical and electrical integration of the product unit is a very complicated but it is very important thing. As research integrating deceleration,
40、 intelligent control of motor speed, motor power unit, has a vision, image processing, identification and ranging, and other functions of the control unit, can be done as well as a variety of typical operating machinery, etc. With the standard unit can rapidly develop new products, at the same time
41、also can expand the scale of production. In order to achieve above, also need to set standards, so that the matching of parts and units. Due to conflicts of interest, recently it is difficult to make a domestic or international standards in this respect, but it can be gradually formed through the fo
42、rmation of large enterprises. Obviously, from electrical products to be sure, the benefits of standardization and seriation of standard mechanical and electrical integration units for production enterprises, or enterprises of electromechanical integration products, modular will bring bright future t
43、o electromechanical integration enterprise. 3.3 网络化3.3 the network 20 世纪 90 岁月 ,运算机技术等的突出成就是网络技术；网络技术的兴起和飞速进展给科学 技术、工业生产、政治、军事、训练等日常生活都带来了庞大的变革；各种网络将全球经名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 济、生产连成一片,企业间的竞争也将全球化；机电一体化新产品一旦研制出来,只要其功能独到、质量牢靠,很快就会畅销全球；由于网络的普及,基于网络的各种远程掌握和监视技术方兴未艾 ,而远程掌
44、握的终端设备本身就是机电一体化产品；现场总线和局域网技术的应用使家用电器网络化已成大势 ,利用家庭网络 home net将各种家用电器连接成以运算机为中心的运算机集成家电系统 computer integrated appliance system,CIAS, 能使人们呆在家里就可共享各种高技术带来的便利与欢乐；因此,机电一体化产品无疑将朝着网络化方向进展；In the 1990 s, computer technology and so on the prominent achievement is network technology. The rise of the network te
45、chnology and the rapid development for science and technology, industrial production, daily life such as politics, military, education have brought huge changes. Various network to the global economy, the production, a joint enterprise between the competition will be the globalization. Mechanical an
46、d electrical integration of new products, once developed, as long as its original functions, and reliable quality, soon will sell all over the world. Due to the popularity of network, all kinds of remote control and monitoring technology based on network is flourishing, and remote control terminal d
47、evice itself is electromechanical integration products. The application of fieldbus and network technology make home appliances networking has become a trend, using the home network home net will all kinds of household appliances connected to the computer as the center of computer integrated electronics system computer integrated appliance system, CIAS, can make people stay at home and can share all kinds of high technology bring convenience and happy. Therefore, electromechanical integration products will undoubtedly in the direction of network development. 3.4