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1、【精品文档】如有侵权，请联系网站删除，仅供学习与交流机电一体化技术现状和发展趋势中英文浅谈.精品文档.机电一体化技术现状和发展趋势中英文浅谈Mechanical and electrical integration technology present situation and development trend 现代科学技术的不断发展,极大地推动了不同学科的交叉与渗透,工程领域的技术改造与革命。在机械工程领域,由于微电子技术和计算机技术的迅速发展及其向机械工业的渗透所形成的机电一体化,使机械工业的技术结构、产品结构、功能与构成、生产方式及管理体系发生了巨大变化,使工业生产由“机械电气化”迈
2、入以“机电一体化”为特征的发展阶段。The continuous development of modern science and technology, greatly promote the intersection and infiltration of different subjects, technical transformation and revolution in the field of engineering. In the field of mechanical engineering, due to the rapid development of microel
3、ectronics technology and computer technology to the penetration of mechanical industry and mechanical and electrical integration, formed by the technology of mechanical industry structure, product structure, function and structure, great changes have taken place in production mode and management sys
4、tem, the industrial production by the mechanical electrification entering the stage of development characterized by mechatronics . 1 机电一体化概述1 summary of electromechanical integration 机电一体化是指在机构的主功能、动力功能、信息处理功能和控制功能上引进电子技术,将机械装置与电子化设计及软件结合起来所构成的系统的总称。Electromechanical integration refers to the agency
5、s main function, dynamic function, information processing and control functions on the introduction of electronic technology, combining mechanical device and electronic design and software of the floorboard of the system. 机电一体化发展至今已经成为一门有着自身体系的新型学科,随着科学技术的不断发展,还将被赋予新的内容。但其基本特征可概括为:机电一体化是从系统的观点出发,综合运
6、用机械技术、微电子技术、自动控制技术、计算机技术、信息技术、传感测控技术及电力电子技术,根据系统功能目标要求,合理配置与布局各功能单元,在多功能、高质量、高可靠性、低能耗的意义上实现特定功能价值,并使整个系统最优化的系统工程技术。由此而产生的功能系统,则成为一个机电一体化系统或机电一体化产品。因此,“机电一体化”涵盖“技术”和“产品”两个方面。机电一体化技术是基于上述群体技术有机融合的一种综合技术,而不是机械技术、微电子技术及其它新技术的简单组合、拼凑。这是机电一体化与机械加电气所形成的机械电气化在概念上的根本区别。机械工程技术由纯技术发展到机械电气化,仍属传统机械,其主要功能依然是代替和放大
7、的体系。但是,发展到机电一体化后,其中的微电子装置除可取代某些机械部件的原有功能外,还被赋予许多新的功能,如自动检测、自动处理信息、自动显示记录、自动调节与控制、自动诊断与保护等。也就是说,机电一体化产品不仅是人的手与肢体的延伸,还是人的感官与头脑的延伸,智能化特征是机电一体化与机械电气化在功能上的本质区别。Electromechanical integration development has become a has its own system of new subject, with the continuous development of science and technolo
8、gy, will also be given new content. But its basic characteristics can be summarized as: electromechanical integration from a system perspective, integrated use of mechanical technology, microelectronics technology, automatic control technology, computer technology, information technology, the sensor
9、 measurement and control technology and power electronic technology, in accordance with the requirements of system function goal, reasonable configuration and layout of each function unit in the multi-function, high quality, high reliability, low energy consumption sense, realize the value of a spec
10、ific function, and optimize the whole system of systems engineering technology. As a function of the system, then become a mechatronics system or mechanical and electrical integration products. Therefore, mechatronics covers two aspects of technology and product. Mechanical and electrical integratio
11、n technology is based on the group technology of organic integration of a comprehensive technology, rather than mechanical technology, microelectronics technology and other new technology of simple combination and piece together. This is formed by mechanical and electrical integration and the mechan
12、ical and electrical mechanical electrification on the concept of fundamental difference. Mechanical engineering technology has developed from a pure technology to mechanical electrification, still belongs to the traditional machinery, its main function is to replace and amplification system. But, af
13、ter the development to the mechanical and electrical integration, one of the microelectronic devices in addition to replace some of the mechanical parts of the original function, and was endowed with many new features, such as automatic detection, automatic processing information, automatic display,
14、 automatic adjustment and control, automatic diagnosis and protection, etc. That is to say, is not only the hand of the electromechanical integration products and an extension of the body, or an extension of the human senses and mind, intelligence is characterized by mechanical and electrical integr
15、ation and mechanical electrification on the function of the essential differences between. 2 机电一体化的发展状况2 development of electromechanical integration 机电一体化的发展大体可以分为三个阶段:(1)20世纪60年代以前为第一阶段,这一阶段称为初级阶段。在这一时期,人们自觉不自觉地利用电子技术的初步成果来完善机械产品的性能。特别是在第二次世界大战期间,战争刺激了机械产品与电子技术的结合,这些机电结合的军用技术,战后转为民用,对战后经济的恢复起到了积极的
16、作用。那时,研制和开发从总体上看还处于自发状态。由于当时电子技术的发展尚未达到一定水平,机械技术与电子技术的结合还不可能广泛和深入发展,已经开发的产品也无法大量推广。(2)20世纪7080年代为第二阶段,可称为蓬勃发展阶段。这一时期,计算机技术、控制技术、通信技术的发展,为机电一体化的发展奠定了技术基础。大规模、超大规模集成电路和微型计算机的出现,为机电一体化的发展提供了充分的物质基础。这个时期的特点是:mechatronics一词首先在日本被普遍接受,大约到20世纪80年代末期在世界范围内得到比较广泛的承认;机电一体化技术和产品得到了极大发展;各国均开始对机电一体化技术和产品给予很大的关注和
17、支持。(3)20世纪90年代后期,开始了机电一体化技术向智能化方向迈进的新阶段,机电一体化进入深入发展时期。一方面,光学、通信技术等进入机电一体化,微细加工技术也在机电一体化中崭露头脚,出现了光机电一体化和微机电一体化等新分支;另一方面,对机电一体化系统的建模设计、分析和集成方法,机电一体化的学科体系和发展趋势都进行了深入研究。同时,人工智能技术、神经网络技术及光纤技术等领域取得的巨大进步,为机电一体化技术开辟了发展的广阔天地。这些研究,使机电一体化进一步建立了坚实的基础,并且逐渐形成完整的学科体系。Electromechanical integration development can b
18、e roughly divided into three stages: (1) until the 1960 s for the first stage, this stage is called the primary stage. In this period, people consciously or unconsciously use the preliminary results of electronic technology to improve the mechanical performance of the product. Especially during the
19、second world war, the war stimulated the combination of mechanical products and electronic technology, the electrical and mechanical combination of military technology, after the war to civilian use, played a positive role in post-war economic recovery. At that time, the research and development fro
20、m the overall is still in the spontaneous condition. Because at that time, the development of electronic technology has yet to reach a certain level, the combination of mechanical technology and electronic technology also could not have extensive and in-depth development, has developed a large numbe
21、r of promotion products cannot. (2) 70-80 - s of the 20th century to the second phase, can be called a stage of vigorous development. During this period, the development of computer technology, control technology, communication technology, laid the technical foundation for the development of electro
22、mechanical integration. Large-scale, the emergence of very large scale integrated circuit and a microcomputer for the development of electromechanical integration provides sufficient material basis. This period is characterized by: the term mechatronics first in Japan is generally accepted, approxim
23、ately to the late 1980 s, get more widely acknowledged throughout the world; Mechanical and electrical integration technologies and products obtained great development; All countries began to electromechanical integration technology and products to give great attention and support. (3) in the late 1
24、990 s, started a new stage of electromechanical integration technology to the intelligent direction, electromechanical integration into the development period. On the one hand, optics and communication technology into the mechanical and electrical integration, micro processing technology also come i
25、n mechatronics, appeared photo-mechanic-electronic integration and micro-electro-mechanical integration of new branches; On the other hand, the modeling of the mechanical and electrical integration of system design, analysis, and integration method, mechanical and electrical integration of subject s
26、ystem and development trend were studied. At the same time, the artificial intelligence technology, neural network technology and optical fiber technology in areas such as the great progress, for mechanical and electrical integration technology has opened up a wide space for the development of. Thes
27、e studies, make the mechanical and electrical integration further established the solid foundation, and gradually formed a complete scientific system. 我国是从20世纪80年代初才开始进行这方面的研究和应用。国务院成立了机电一体化领导小组,并将该技术列入“863计划”中。在制定“九五”规划和2010年发展纲要时充分考虑了国际上关于机电一体化技术的发展动向和由此可能带来的影响。许多大专院校、研究机构及一些大中型企业对这一技术的发展及应用做了大量的工
28、作,取得了一定成果。但与日本等先进国家相比,仍有相当差距。From the early 1980 s in our country started to the research and application. Established the mechanical and electrical integration of leading group of the state council, and the technology included in the 863 project. In formulating the ninth five-year plan and developm
29、ent plan in 2010 when fully considering the international on the development trend of the electromechanical integration technology and the likely impact of. Many universities and colleges, research institutions and large and medium-sized enterprises to the development of this technology and its appl
30、ication to do a lot of work, has obtained certain results. But compared with Japan and other advanced countries, there are still quite a gap. 3 机电一体化的发展趋势3 the development trend of electromechanical integration 机电一体化是集机械、电子、光学、控制、计算机、信息等多学科的交叉综合,它的发展和进步依赖并促进相关技术的发展。机电一体化的主要发展方向大致有以下几个方面:Mechatronics
31、 is a collection of machinery, electronics, optics, control, computer, information and other multi-disciplinary overlapping comprehensive, its development and progress depend on and promote the development of related technologies. Mechanical and electrical integration of the main development directi
32、on to roughly the following several aspects: 3.1 智能化3.1 intelligent 智能化是21世纪机电一体化技术的一个重要发展方向。人工智能在机电一体化的研究中日益得到重视,机器人与数控机床的智能化就是重要应用之一。这里所说的“智能化”是对机器行为的描述,是在控制理论的基础上,吸收人工智能、运筹学、计算机科学、模糊数学、心理学、生理学和混沌动力学等新思想、新方法,使它具有判断推理、逻辑思维及自主决策等能力,以求得到更高的控制目标。诚然,使机电一体化产品具有与人完全相同的智能,是不可能的,也是不必要的。但是,高性能、高速度的微处理器使机电一体
33、化产品赋有低级智能或者人的部分智能,则是完全可能而且必要的。Intelligent mechanical and electrical integration technology in the 21st century is an important development direction. In the study of mechanical and electrical integration of artificial intelligence is increasingly get attention, robot and intelligent nc machine tool
34、is one of the important application. Here intelligence is the description of machine behavior, is in control theory, on the basis of absorption, fuzzy mathematics, artificial intelligence, operations research, computer science, psychology, physiology and chaotic dynamics, new ideas, new methods, suc
35、h as giving it a judgment, reasoning, logical thinking and independent decision making ability, in order to get a higher control target. Admittedly, make intelligent mechatronics products have exactly the same with people, is impossible and also unnecessary. However, high performance, high speed mic
36、roprocessors make mechanical and electrical integration products possess low intelligence or one part of the intelligence, it is entirely possible and necessary. 3.2 模块化3.2 modular 模块化是一项重要而艰巨的工程。由于机电一体化产品种类和生产厂家繁多,研制和开发具有标准机械接口、电气接口、动力接口和环境接口等的机电一体化产品单元是一项十分复杂但又非常重要的事情。如研制集减速、智能调速、电机于一体的动力单元,具有视觉、图
37、像处理、识别和测距等功能的控制单元,以及各种能完成典型操作的机械装置等。有了这些标准单元就可迅速开发出新产品,同时也可以扩大生产规模。为了达到以上目的,还需要制定各项标准,以便于各部件、单元的匹配。由于利益冲突,近期很难制定出国际或国内这方面的标准,但可以通过组建一些大企业逐渐形成。显然,从电气产品的标准化、系列化带来的好处可以肯定,无论是对生产标准机电一体化单元的企业,还是对生产机电一体化产品的企业,模块化将给机电一体化企业带来美好的前程。Modularity is an important and arduous engineering. Due to mechanical and ele
38、ctrical integration products and manufacturers, research and development has a standard mechanical interface, electrical interfaces, power and environment interface mechanical and electrical integration of the product unit is a very complicated but it is very important thing. As research integrating
39、 deceleration, intelligent control of motor speed, motor power unit, has a vision, image processing, identification and ranging, and other functions of the control unit, can be done as well as a variety of typical operating machinery, etc. With the standard unit can rapidly develop new products, at
40、the same time also can expand the scale of production. In order to achieve above, also need to set standards, so that the matching of parts and units. Due to conflicts of interest, recently it is difficult to make a domestic or international standards in this respect, but it can be gradually formed
41、through the formation of large enterprises. Obviously, from electrical products to be sure, the benefits of standardization and seriation of standard mechanical and electrical integration units for production enterprises, or enterprises of electromechanical integration products, modular will bring b
42、right future to electromechanical integration enterprise. 3.3 网络化3.3 the network 20世纪90年代,计算机技术等的突出成就是网络技术。网络技术的兴起和飞速发展给科学技术、工业生产、政治、军事、教育等日常生活都带来了巨大的变革。各种网络将全球经济、生产连成一片,企业间的竞争也将全球化。机电一体化新产品一旦研制出来,只要其功能独到、质量可靠,很快就会畅销全球。由于网络的普及,基于网络的各种远程控制和监视技术方兴未艾,而远程控制的终端设备本身就是机电一体化产品。现场总线和局域网技术的应用使家用电器网络化已成大势,利用家庭
43、网络(home net)将各种家用电器连接成以计算机为中心的计算机集成家电系统(computer integrated appliance system,CIAS),能使人们呆在家里就可分享各种高技术带来的便利与快乐。因此,机电一体化产品无疑将朝着网络化方向发展。In the 1990 s, computer technology and so on the prominent achievement is network technology. The rise of the network technology and the rapid development for science a
44、nd technology, industrial production, daily life such as politics, military, education have brought huge changes. Various network to the global economy, the production, a joint enterprise between the competition will be the globalization. Mechanical and electrical integration of new products, once d
45、eveloped, as long as its original functions, and reliable quality, soon will sell all over the world. Due to the popularity of network, all kinds of remote control and monitoring technology based on network is flourishing, and remote control terminal device itself is electromechanical integration pr
46、oducts. The application of fieldbus and network technology make home appliances networking has become a trend, using the home network (home net) will all kinds of household appliances connected to the computer as the center of computer integrated electronics system (computer integrated appliance sys
47、tem, CIAS), can make people stay at home and can share all kinds of high technology bring convenience and happy. Therefore, electromechanical integration products will undoubtedly in the direction of network development. 3.4 微型化3.4 miniaturization 微型化兴起于20世纪80年代末,指的是机电一体化向微型机器和微观领域发展的趋势。国外称其为微电子机械系统
48、(MEMS),泛指几何尺寸不超过1cm3的机电一体化产品,并向微米、纳米级发展。微机电一体化产品体积小,耗能少,运动灵活,在生物医疗、军事、信息等方面具有无可比拟的优势。微机电一体化发展的瓶颈在于微机械技术。微机电一体化产品的加工采用精细加工技术,即超精密技术,它包括光刻技术和蚀刻技术两类。Miniaturization emerged in the late 1980 s, refers to the electromechanical integration to the trend of the development of the micro machine and micro fie
49、ld. Abroad as microelectronic mechanical system (MEMS), refers to the geometric size of no more than 1 cm3 of electromechanical integration products, and to micron and nanometer level development. Micro-electro-mechanical integration products small size, less energy consumption, flexible movement, in the biological medical, military, information, etc, has the incomparable advantage. Micro-electro-mechanical integration development bottleneck lies in the micro mechanical technology. M