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1、精品_精品资料_英语语法状语从句的归纳总结在复合句中修饰主句或主句中的某一成分的从句叫状语从句.状语从句通常由从属连词或起连词作用的词组引导,有时甚至不需要连词直接和主句连接起来.状语从句依据它表达的意思不同, 可分为时间、 的点、缘由、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等九类.一、 时间状语从句时间状语从句是表示时间关系的从句.可以引导时间状语从句的连词很多,依据意义和主从句之间的时间关系,通常可分为以下几种情形：A. when, while, as, wheneverwhen, while, as 表示主句谓语作和从句的谓语动作同时发生或几乎同时发生.1. whenwhen 表示点时间时,
2、从句中用短暂性动词.表示段时间时,用连续性动词.When Igot home, my familywere already having dinner.我到家的时候,全家已在吃晚饭.（when 表示点时间）When they were still talking and laughing, the teacher came in.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_当他们仍在说笑的时候, 老师进来了.（when 表示段时间）He waved a hello when he saw her.当他观察她的时候, 就挥手打了个招呼.（when 表示点时间）When you think y
3、ou know nothing, you begin to know something.当你认为自己一无所知的时候,就开头知道一些事情了.（when 表示段时间）留意：当 when 意思是正值 时候（and at that momen）t 时,when 只能跟在前一分句之后.He was about to go to bed when the doorbel rang.他刚要上床,突然门铃响了.They were watching the World Cup when suddenly the lights went out.他们正看着世界杯竞赛,突然灯灭了.They had just ar
4、rived home when it began to rain.他们刚到家,天就开头下雨了.有时 when 表示虽然,尽管的含义,相当于 although或 since.He walks when he might take a taxi.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_尽管可以打的,但他仍是步行.How can you hope for mercy yourself when you show none既然你不宽恕别人, 你自己又怎能期望得到别人的宽恕了？2. whilewhile 通常表示一段时间,从句中宜用连续性动词作谓语.Strike while the iron i
5、s hot.趁热打铁.She fell asleep while she was reading the newspaper.她在看报的时候睡着了.while 有时可以作并列连词, 表示对比,可译成 而 .I am fond of English while he likes maths.我喜爱英语而他却喜爱数学.We slept while the captain kept watch.我们睡觉而上尉担任戒备.while 有时可引导让步状语从句,意思是虽然.While they love te children, they are strict with them. 虽然他们都爱他们的孩子,
6、但却对他们要求严格.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_提示：虽然 during 与 while 意思很相近,但是during 是介词,不能引导从句.3. asas 表示点时间时,从句中用短暂性动词.表示段时 间时,用连续性动词. as 和 when 两者常常可以通用.The thief was caught as when he was stealing in thesupermarket.小偷在超市行窃时被逮住了.I saw Jim as when he left the meeting room.吉姆离开会议室时候我看到了他.as 表示 一边 一边 ,强调从句和主句中两个动作
7、交替进行或同步进行.They talked as they walked.他们边走边聊.He looked behind from time to time as he went.他一边走,一边不时的往后看.as 表示随着As time goes on, its getting warmer and warmer.随着时间的推移,天气变得越来越暖了.As spring warms the earth, al flowers begin to bloom.随着春回大的,百花开头绽放.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_4. when, while, as 的用法区分只有当从句表示的是
8、段时间,即其谓语动词有连续性特点时,这三者可以通用互换.I got the news on the radio when while as I was having breakfast.我在吃早饭的时候从收音机里获悉这一消息.在以下情形下,三者彼此之间不能替换使用：aas 更强调同一时间或紧接的一前一后或相伴着的变化.We listened to the singer sing as he played the guitar.我们听着歌星边弹吉它边演唱.I thought of it just as you opened your mouth.你一张嘴我就知道你要说什幺As he grew o
9、lder, he became less and less active随着他年龄的增长,他变得越来越不活泼了.提示：状语从句可放在主句之前或之后, 放在主句之前时一般用逗号与主句分开.有时可置于主句中间,前后用逗号.bwhen 更强调特定时间,仍可表示从句中的动作先于或后于主句的动作.When I had given Marythe spare ticket, I found my可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_own already gone.当我把余外的票给了玛丽时,我才发觉我自己的票已 不知去向.（从句动作发生在主句之前, 留意主从句的时态）When I finally
10、 got there, he meeting had been on for ten minutes.当我最终赶到那里时, 会议已开头特别钟了.（从句动作发生在主句之后,留意时态）cwhile 从句只能表示连续的动作或状态或主从句中动作的对比.She thought I was talking about her daughter, while infact, I was talkingabout my daughter.她以为我在谈论她女儿,而事实上,我在谈论我的女儿.d如表示两个短促动作几乎同时发生时, 用 as 场合多于 when.Ashe finishedhis speech, the
11、 audience burst into applause.他终止讲话时,观众爆发出雷鸣般的掌声.5. wheneverwhenever 是 when 的强势语,它描述的不是一次性动作,而是常常发生的习惯性动作.You are always welcome whenever you come.无论你何时来都欢迎.Whenever we met with diffiulties, they came to help us.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_每当我们遇上困难的时候,他们就来帮我们.B. before, after1. beforebefore 表示在一段时间之前.I
12、must finish all the work beforego home.回家之前我必需干完全部的活.You must first learn to walk before you try to run.在想要跑以前,你得先学会走.He had learned English for three years before he went to London.他去伦敦之前已学了三年英语.提示：before 从句往往带有否定的含义.He ran off before I could stop him. 我仍没来得及阻挡他,他就跑掉了.Take it down berore you forget
13、 it.趁着仍没遗忘的时候就记录下来.必背：before 常用句型 ItiswaswillbeIt wil be five years before we meet again.五年以后我们才能再见.It willbe not long before you regret what you have可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_done.不用过多久你就会对你所作所为感到懊悔的.It was not long before I realized I was wrong.不久我就意识到我错了.It was minutes before the police arrived.过了几
14、分钟警察才到.2. afterafter 表在一段时间之后.Lets play football after school is over.放学后我们踢足球吧.The sun came out soon after the storm stopped.暴风雨过后不久,太阳出来了.C. till, until1untiltill用于确定句时,表示直到为止,主句必需为连续性动词.We shall wait untiltill he comes back.我们将始终等到他回来.留意它们的拼写 Everything went well untiltill that accident happened.
15、 直到发生那意外之前,一切都正常.2 表示直到才 ,主句通常要用短暂动词,这时 until 和 till 可用 before 代替.I didnt leave untiltillbefore she came back.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_直到她回来,我才离开的.Bells dont ring till until you strike them.铃不打不响.Peopl do not know the value of their health tilluntil before they lose it.人们直至失去了健康才知其珍贵.3当 not until 位于句
16、首时,主句中的主语、谓语要使用倒装语序.Not until she stopped crying did I leave.直到她不哭了,我才离开的.留意：until 引导的从句可以放在主句之前或主句之后,但 till 从句一般不放在句首.4在强调句型中一般只能用 until ,不用 till .Itwas not until she took off her drk glasses that I recognized her.直到她摘下墨镜,我才认出她.D. since, ever since1. since 自 以来.表示动作从过去某一点时间始终连续到说话时间为止.主句中通常为连续性动词的现
17、在完成时, since 从句中一般用短暂性动词的一般过去时.It has been just a week since we arrived here.我们到这儿刚刚一星期.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_Where haveyou been since I last saw you自上次我见过你之后,你去了哪里？Since she was young, she has been collecting stamps.她自年轻时起就始终集邮至今.提示：有时 since 从句中也可以用连续性动词, 留意它的译法.Tom is now working on the farm.Its
18、two years since he was a college student.汤姆现在农场上班,他高校毕业已有两年了.2. ever since 从那时起直至现在,此后始终.表示说话者强调主句动作或状态连续时间长, 语气比 since 强.Ever since they got married in 1950, they have lived happily.自一九五零年结婚以来,他们始终生得很幸福.3. since 仍可以用作副词或介词.The big clock was damaged during the war and hasbeen sien（tever）since.这只大钟在战
19、争中损坏了,从今就始终不响了.My uncle went to Tibet in the 1950s. He has been living there（ever）since.我叔叔五十岁月就去了西藏, 从那以后他始终生活在可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_那里.You have made great achievements in your work since graduation.你们自毕业以来已经在工作中取得了庞大成就.E. as soon asas soon as.可. 译为一 就 ,用来表示主从句的动作是紧接着发生的.He will come and see you
20、as soon as he can.他一有空就来看你.He rushed home as soon as he got the good news.他一得到这个好消息就奔回家.必背：一 就 仍可以用 onupon doing 结构来表示.On arriving home he called up Lester.= As soon as he arrived home, he called up Lester.他一到家就给莱斯特打电话.F. immediately instantlydirectly相当于 as soon as,从句中用一般过去时态.They phoned her immedia
21、tely they reached home.他一到家立刻就给她打了电话.I recognized her instantly I caught a glimpse of her.我一观察她就把她认出来了.We came directly we got your telephone.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_我们一接到你的电话就赶来了.G. the moment, the minute, the instant, the second 这几个名词短语也可用作连词, 直接引导时间状语从句, 表示一 就 .He said hed turn on TV th moment he
22、 got home.他说他一到家就打开电视机.Tell him I need to see him the minute he arrives.告知他,他一到我就要见他.The second the bell rang, the students rushed out of the classroom.铃一响,同学就冲出了教室.H 这两个短语都表示刚 就 ,可以互换,主句通常用去完成时.He had no sooner started out than he felt homesick.他刚动身就想起家来.He had hardly started his speech when someon
23、e rose to refute his points.他刚开头发言,就有人站起来反对他的论点.留意：当 hardly, scarcely, no sooner位于句子的开头时,主句须用倒装语序.Hardly had she fallen asleep when a knockat the door可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_woke her up.她刚要睡着,突然敲门声把她吵醒.No sooner was the frost off the ground than the work began.的上的霜一消散,人们就开头工作了.Ionceonce 作连词时,也相当于 as
24、 soon as,但它含有的条件意味更浓,它引导的从句较短.Once you begin, you must continue.一旦开了头,你就应当连续下去.Once you see him, you will neer forget him.你一旦见过他,就不会忘了他的.Jnext time, the first time, the last time, every time 等Be sure to call on us next time you come to town.下次你进城肯定来看我们.He left me a good impression the first time I m
25、et him.我第一次见他时,他给我留下了好印象.Every time I see him he looks miserable. 我每次见到他,他都是一付痛楚的表情.The last time Ispoke to Bob, he seemed happy enough.上一次我见到他时,他看上去很高兴.K by the timeby the tine 也可以引导时间状语从可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_句,意为到时为止,主句一般要用完成时态.By the time he was fourteen, Einstein had learned advanced mathemati
26、cs all byhimself.爱因斯坦到十四岁时就自学完了高等数学.从句为一般过去时,主句要用过去完成时I shall have finished my work by the time you return. 在你回来之前我将会做完我的活儿. 从句为一般现在时,主句要用将来完成时 二、的点状语从句的点状语从句通常由 where, wherever（where 的强势语）和 everywhere 引导,是表示空间关系的状语从句.A wherewhere 在 的方,去 的方Wuhan lies here the Yangtze and the Han River meet.武汉位于长江和汉水
27、汇合处. Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者,事竟成.I found my books where I had left them.我的书在我原先放的的方找到了.Youd better make a mark where you have any questions.哪儿有问题,你最好在哪儿做个记号.这里 where引导的从句不是定语从句 可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_留意：在的点状语从句之前,不要使用介词.【误】 You should put the book at where it was.【正】 You should p
28、ut the book where it was.你应当把书放在原先的的方.【误】 We should go to where we are needed most.【正】 We should go where we are needed most.我们应当到最需要我们的的方去.B.whereverwherevr 在任何 的方,无论哪里Wherever you go, you should do your work well.不论到什么的方,都要把工作做好.You may sit down wherever you like. 你爱坐哪儿就坐哪儿. C.everywhereEverywhere
29、 they went, they were kindly receivd.他们每到一处都受到了友好的接待.三、缘由状语从句缘由状语从句是表示缘由和理由的从句. 引导缘由状语从句的有 as, because,since, now that, consideringthat, seeing that等.Abecause because由于可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_Because I like it, I do it.由于我喜爱,所以我才能.He couldnthave seen me, because I was not there.他不行能见过我,由于当时我不在那儿.比较：
30、because 和 for 的区分.1. for 是并列连词,只用于连接表示缘由的分句,因此不能用于句首. because表示缘由时,可位于句首.【误】 For he did not obey the rules, he was punished.【正】 Because he did not obey the rules, he was punished.由于他不遵守规章制度,他受到了处.2. for 表示的是推断说明, because强调动作发生的直接缘由.It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.昨晚确定下雨了, 由于的面是
31、湿的.（不行用 because, 由于的面湿不是天下雨的缘由）The day breaks, for the birds are singing.天亮了,由于鸟在叫.（不行用 because,由于鸟叫不是天亮的缘由）He went to bed early, because he was tired由于他累了,所以他很早就上了床. （直接的理由）He must be tired, for he went to bed early.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_他确定累了,由于他很早就上了床. （间接的推断）和关联词3. 在强调结构引导的缘由状语从句中,宜用 because.I
32、ts because he helped you that Im prepared to help him.正是由于他帮忙过你,所以我愿意去帮忙他.He decided to give up thechance of going abroad, not because he did not want to but because his wife was ill. 他打算舍弃出国的机会,不是由于他不想去,而是因 为他妻子病了.B sincesince 由于,既然.引导的从句大多置于句首,主从句的时态一般相同.Since you have no licence, you are not allo
33、wed to drive.由于你没有驾驶执照,所以不答应你开车.Since you are al here, lets try and reach a decision.既然大家都来了,咱们就设法做出一个打算吧.Casas 由于.一般多用于句首.As she was ill, she didnt come to the party.由于病了,她没来参与晚会.As he was not well enough, I had to go without him由于他身体欠佳,我只好不带他去了.As it rained, we all stayed at home.由于下雨我们都呆在家里.可编辑资料
34、 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_C because, since, as的区分1. because语气最强,表达的是未知的新信息,一 般置于主句之后, 也可以放在主句之前, 用逗号隔开.在回答 why 引导的特殊疑问句时,或在强调结构It和关联词引导的缘由状语从句中,要用 because.另外,because仍常和副词 just, merely等连用.2. since 往往表示的是已知的客观事实,或分析后的推理,引导的从句大多置于句首,主从句的时态一般相同.3. as 表示的理由最弱,只是对主句的附带说明,重点在主句. as 从句通常放在主句前.Just because he doesn
35、t complain, you must not suppose that he is satisfied.你不行只因他不埋怨就以为他满意了.You shouldnt get angry only because some people speak ill of you.你不该仅仅由于有些人说了你的坏话就愤怒.Since youre not interested, Iwont tell you about it.既然你不感爱好,那我就不告知你了.As you are unable to answer perhaps we should ask someone else.可编辑资料 - - -
36、欢迎下载精品_精品资料_由于你不能回答,或许我们该问一问别的人.留意：because等词不能与 so 连用.【误】 Because he was careless, so he failed in the exam.【正】 Because he was careless, he failed in the exa.由于他马虎,所以他考试不及格.【正】 He was careless, so he failed in the exam.由于他马虎,所以他考试不及格.E. now thatnow that既然,由于.that 可以省略.Now that dinner is ready, go an
37、d wash your hands.既然饭已好了,洗手去吧.Now you mention it again, I do remember.既然你又提起此事,我倒回想起来了.F. conidering that, seeing that 这两个词和 since, now that 意思相近,都有鉴于 事实,考虑到 . 的意思.Seeing that quite a few people were absent, we decided to put the meeting off.由于好些人都没到会, 我们打算延期开会. seeing 后面的 that 可以省略 Considering that
38、 they are just beginners, they are doing quite good job.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_考虑到他们才刚刚学做,他们干得算很不错的了.G. 这一结构相当于汉语的不是由于 而是由于 Not that I dont like the film, but that I have no time for it.不是因我不喜爱看这部电影, 而是由于我没有时间看.状语从句（二）四、目的状语从句目的状语从句是表示行为目的的从句.引导目的状语从句的主要连词有 that, so,that 等,从句中常常使用一些情态动词, 如 can, cou
39、ld, may, might, should等.A. that, so that,in order that 表示为了,以便,一般放在主句之后. that 语气较弱,用的较少,多用 so that.Lets take the front seats that we may se more clearly.我们坐前排吧,这样我们可以看得更清晰些.Man does not live that he may eat, but eats that he may live.人生存不是为了吃饭,而吃饭是为了生存.They hurried so that they might not miss the tr
40、ain.他们为了不误火车,才急赶忙忙的.In order that everyone present might hear her clearly,可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_she raised her voice again.为了使在场的每个人都能听清晰, 她再次提高了声音.留意：当主从句的主语一样时, so that和 in order that 引导的目的状语从句可以转换成相对应的动词不定式 结构.We got upearly so that we would arrive in time.为了能准时赶到,我们起得很早.They hurried so that th
41、ey might not miss the train. They hurried so as not to miss the train.他们为了不误火车,才急赶忙忙的.Betty saved money in order that she could uy a portable computer. Betty saved money in order to buy a portable computer.贝蒂存钱是为了买一台手提电脑.B. in case, lest, for fear that几个短语都表示万一, 惟恐,含有否定的意义.Better take more clothes i
42、n case the weather is cold.最好多带些衣服以防天气会冷.Take an umbrella in caseit rains. 以防下雨,带把伞.五、结果状语从句结果状语从句是表示事态结果的从句.引导结果状可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_语从句的连词有： that, so that, s等.结果状语从句通常置于主句之后.A so, that, so that这三个词都可以引导结果状语从句. so that 最为常用, so 或 that 常用于口语或非正式文体中.What has happened tha you look so worried发生了什幺事
43、,使你显得如此担忧？I didnt plan the work well, so thatso I didnt finish it in time.我没把工作方案好, 结果没按时完成.（so that 从句常用逗号与主句隔开）The room was packed with people, so that we couldnt get in.房间里挤满了人,我们进不去.C. so.that so.that 如此 以致 .其引导的果状语从句有如下四种结构：1so + 形容词副词 + that-从句The village is so small that it cannot be shown in
44、 the map.这村子太小,所以这的图上没有.The wind was so strong that we could hardly move forward.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_风刮得那么大,我们简直寸步难行.2so + 形容词 + aan + 单数名词 + that-从句 It was so hot a day that tey all went swimming.天是那么的热以致他们都去游泳了.He made so inspiring a speech that everybody got excited.他发表了如此激励人的演讲以致大家都很兴奋.3so +
45、 manyfew +复数名词 + that- 从句 I have had so many falls that I am black and blue all over.我摔了很多跤,以至于浑身青一块,紫一块.He has so few friend that he often feels lonely.他伴侣很少,所以常常感到孤独.4so + muchlittle +不行数名词 + that-从句I had so little money then that I couldnt even afford a used car.我当时囊中羞怯,甚至连一辆二手车都买不起.He drank so much wine last night that he felt terrible.昨晚他喝了那么多的酒,他觉得很不舒适.5.在 so + 形容词副词 + that-从句结构中,如将 so +形容词副词位于句首,主谓语要倒装.So excited was he that s