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1、_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载中学八种时态一般现在时的用法1） 常常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的时间状语连用；时间状语：every , sometimes, at , on Sunday；I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家；2） 客观真理,客观存在,科学事实； ：The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动；Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部；3） 表示格言或警句；Pride goes b
2、efore a fall. 骄者必败；留意 ：此用法假如显现在宾语从句中,一般现在时；即使主句是过去时, 从句谓语也要用例：Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证明了地球是圆的；4） 现在时刻的状态、才能、性格、个性； ：I dont want so much. 我不要那么多；Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英语写得不错,讲的可不行；比较 ：Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子；I am doing my homework now. 我
3、正在做功课；第一句用一般现在时, 用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作,表示言行的瞬时动作；其次句中的now 是进行时的标志,表示正在进行的动作的客观状况,所以后句用一般现在时；一般过去时的用法1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态；例如：时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982 等；Where did you go just now. 刚才你上哪儿去了？2）表示在过去一段时间内,常常性或习惯性的动作；When I was a child, I often played football in the
4、street. 我是个孩子的时候,常在公路上踢足球；Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome. 那时,布朗一家无论什么时候去,都受到热闹欢迎；3）句型： 1. It is time for sb. to do sth到 时间了 该 了；It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了；2It is time that sb. did sth. 时间已迟了 早该 了 ,It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了；3. would （h
5、ad） rather sb. did sth.表示宁愿某人做某事 ；Id rather you came tomorrow.仍是明天来吧；4） wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时,作摸索性的询问、恳求、建议等,而一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去,现已不复存在；I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些；_精品资料_ - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 11 页_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载留意 ： 用过去时表示现在,表示委婉语气；1）动词 want, hope, wonder,
6、 think, intend 等；Did you want anything else. 您仍要些什么吗？I wondered if you could help me. 能不能帮我一下；2）情态动词 could, would；Could you lend me your bike. 你的自行车,能借用一些吗？Used to / be used to used to + do：过去常常 表示过去习惯性的动作或状态,但如今已不存在；Mother used not to be so forgetful. 老妈过去没那么健忘；Scarf used to take a walk. 斯卡夫过去常常漫步；
7、be used to + doing： 对 已感到习惯,或 习惯于 ,to 是介词,后需加名词 或动名词；He is used to a vegetarian diet. Scarf is used to taking a walk. 斯卡夫现在已习惯于漫步了；典型例题- Your phone number again. I _ quite catch it. - Its 69568442. A. didntB. couldntC. dontD. cant 答案 A. 本句虽没有明确的时间状语,但从语意上看出,在听的时候没有听 懂这个动作发生在过去,因此应用过去时；一般将来时1）shall 用
8、于第一人称, 常被 will 所代替； will 在陈述句中用于各人称, 在征 求看法常常用于其次人称；2）Which paragraph shall I read first？ 我先读哪一段呢？Will you be at home at seven this evening. 今晚七点回家好吗？be going to +不定式,表示将来；a. 主语的意图,即将做某事；What are you going to do tomorrow. 明天准备作什么呢？b. 方案,支配要发生的事；The play is going to be produced next month；这出戏下月开播；c.
9、有迹象要发生的事；Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云,快要下雨了；3 be +不定式表将来,按方案或正式支配将发生的事；我们下星期六争论这份报告；We are to discuss the report next Saturday.4）be about to +不定式,意为立刻做某事；He is about to leave for Beijing. 他立刻要去北京；留意 ：be about to do 不能与 tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语 连用；be going to /
10、 will 用于条件句时, be going to表将来 ,will 表意愿；例如： If you are going to make a journey, youd better get ready for it as soon as _精品资料_ - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 11 页_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载possible. Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror. be to
11、和 be going to be to 表示客观支配或受人指示而做某事,be going to 表示主观的准备或方案；I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.明天下午我去踢球；（客观支配）Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我想去踢球；（主观支配）一般现在时表将来1）以下动词 come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时可以表示将 来,主要用来表示在时间上已确定或支配好的事情；The train leaves at six tomo
12、rrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开；When does the bus star. It stars in ten minutes. 汽车什么时候开？非常钟后；2）以 here, there等开头的倒装句,表示动作正在进行；Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 车来了；There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 铃响了；2）在时间或条件句中；When Bill comes （不是 will come）, ask him to wait for me. 比尔来后,让他等我；Ill write to
13、 you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里,就写信给你；4）在动词 hope, take care that, make sure that等的宾语从句中；例如：I hope they have a nice time next week. 我期望他们下星期玩得高兴；Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 离开房间前,务必把窗户关了；用现在进行时表示将来以下动词 come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return 等现在进行时可以表示
14、将 来；Im leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了；Are you staying here till next week. 你会在这儿呆到下周吗？现在完成时现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态,存在；也可表示连续到现在的动作或状态；其构成： have （has） +过去分词；其结果的影响现在仍比较一般过去时与现在完成时 1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯表达过去的事情,强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响；2）一般过去常常与详细的时间状语连用,而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状 语连用,或无时间状语；一般过去时的时间状语： ye
15、sterday, last week, ago, in1980, in October, just now 等,皆为详细的时间状语；_精品资料_ - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 11 页_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载现在完成时的时间状语： for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always等,皆不确定的时间状语；共同的时间状语： this morning, tonight, this April, now, alrea
16、dy, recently, lately 等；3）现在完成时可表示连续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是连续性的,如 live, teach, learn, work, study, know.；一般过去常常用的非连续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等；I saw this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发生过了）I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了）Why did you get up so early. （强调起床的动作已发生过了）Who h
17、asnt handed in his paper. （强调有卷子未交,疑为不公正竞争）He has been in the League for three years. （在团内的状态可连续）He has been a League member for three years. （是团员的状态可连续）句子中如有过去时的时间副词 （如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时,不能使 用现在完成时,要用过去时；（错） Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. （对） Tom wrote a letter t
18、o his parents last night. 用于现在完成时的句型1）It is the first / second time. that结构中的从句部分,用现在完成时；It is the first time that I have visited the city. 这是我第一次拜访这城市；This is the first time （that） Ive heard him sing.这是我第一次听他唱歌；2）This is +形容词最高级 +that 结构, that 从句要用现在完成时；例如：This is the best film that Ive （ever） seen
19、. 这是我看过的最好的电影；典型例题（1） -Do you know our town at all. -No, this is the first time I _ here. A. wasB. have beenC. cameD. am coming B；答案 B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时,应选（2） -Have you _ been to our town before. -No, its the first time I _ here. A. even, come B. even, have comeC. ever, come D. e
20、ver, have come 答案 D. ever 意为曾经或无论何时,反意词为never,此两词常用于完成时；留意：非连续性动词的否定形式可以与表示连续时间的状语连用；即动作不发生的状态是可以连续的；（错） I have received his letter for a month. （对） I havent received his letter for almost a month. 比较 since和 for Since 用来说明动作起始时间,for 用来说明动作连续时间长度；I have lived here for more than twenty years.我住在这儿二十多年
21、了；I have lived here since I was born. 我从诞生起就住在这儿了；留意 ：并非有 for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时；I worked here for more than twenty years. （我现在已不在这里工作； ）_精品资料_ - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 11 页_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载I have worked here for many years.（现在我仍在这里工作； ）留意：用句型转换的方法, 很简单排除非连续动词在有 for/since 结构的完成时中的误用；1）（
22、对） Tom has studied Russian for three years. = Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now. 2）（错） Harry has got married for six years. = Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now. 明显,其次句不对,它应改为 Harry got married six years ago. 或 Harry has
23、been married for six years. since的四种用法 1） since +过去一个时间点（如详细的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six）；I have been here since 1989. 1989起,我始终在这儿；2） since +一段时间 + ago；I have been here since five months ago. 我在这儿,已经有五个月了；3） since +从句；Great changes have taken place since you left. 你走后,变化可大了；Great chan
24、ges have taken place since we were here. 我们走后,变化可大了；4） It is +一段时间 + since从句；It is two years since I became a postgraduate student. 我考上争论生有两年了；连续动词与瞬时动词 1） 用于完成时的区分连续动词表示体会、经受；间状语连用；瞬时动词表示行为的结果,不能与表示段的时He has completed the work. 他已完成了那项工作；（表结果）Ive known him since then.我从那时起就熟悉他了； （表经受）2） 用于 till / u
25、ntil 从句的差异连续动词用于确定句,表示 做 直到 瞬时动词用于否定句,表示 到 ,才 ；He didnt come back until ten oclock. 他到 10 点才回来；He slept until ten oclock. 他始终睡到 10 点；典型例题1. You dont need to describe her. I _ her several times. A. had metB. have metC. metD. meet 答案 B. 第一此题后句强调对现在的影响,我知道她的模样,你不用描述；再次, several times告知为反复发生的动作,因此用现在完成时
26、；2. -Im sorry to keep you waiting. -Oh, not at all. I _ here only a few minutes. A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be 答案 A. 等待的动作由过去开头,连续到现在,应用现在完成时；过去完成时1） 概念：表示过去的过去_精品资料_ - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 11 页_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载其构成是 had +过去分词构成；2） 用法a. 在 told, said, knew, heard, thought
27、等动词后的宾语从句；She said （that）she had never been to Paris. 她告知我她曾去过巴黎；b. 状语从句在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,用一般过去时；发生在先,用过去完成时； 发生在后,When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察到达时,小偷们早就跑了；c. 表示意向的动词, 如 hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用 过去完成时表示 原本 ,未能 ；例如：We had hoped that you would come, but
28、 you didnt. 那时我们期望你能来,但是你没有来；3）过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as；He said that he had learned some English before. 他说过他以前学过一些英语；By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. 到了十二岁那年,爱迪生开头自己谋生；Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left wh
29、en he arrived at the party. 汤姆扫兴了,由于他到达晚会时,大部分客人已经走了；典型例题 The students _ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she _ in the office. A. had written, leftB,were writing, has leftC. had written, had leftD. were writing, had left 忘了答案 D. 把书忘在办公室 发生在 去取书 这一过去的动作之前,因此书这一动作发生在过去的过去,用过去完成时；句中when 表示的是时间
30、的一点,表示在 同学们正忙于 这一背景下, when 所引导的动作发生；因此前 一句应用过去进行时；留意： had hardly when 仍没等 就 ；I had hardly opened the door when I he hit me. 我刚打开门,他就打了我；had no sooner than刚 就 ；例如：He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it. 他刚买了这辆车,转瞬又卖了；用一般过去时代替过去完成时1）两个动作如按次序发生,又不强调先后,或用then,and,but 等连词时,多用一般过去时；When she saw t
31、he mouse,she screamed. 她看到老鼠,就叫了起来；My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it. 姑妈给了我一顶帽子,我把它丢了；2 ） 两个动作相继发生, 可用一般过去时； 如第一个动作需要如干时间完成,用过去完成时；例如：When I heard the news, I was very excited. 3）表达历史事实,可不用过去完成时,而只用一般过去时；例如：Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492. _精品资料_ - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 1
32、1 页_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载过去将来时过去将来时表示在过去某个时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态；过去将来时 常用于宾语从句和间接引语中；I didnt know if he would come. 我不知道他是否会来；They never knew that population would become a big problem. 他们从来都不知道人口问题将会成为一个大问题；She didn t tell me where she would go.她没有告知我她要去哪儿；Betty said she would visit the Gr
33、eat Wall next Saturday. 贝蒂说下周六她要去参观长城；结构：（一） “ would+动词原形 ”；常表示按方案或支配即将发生的事；例如 He said he would come to see me. 他说他要来看我；He told me he would go to Beijing. 他告知我他将去北京；（二） “ was/ were+ going to+动词原形 ”；常可用来表示按方案或支配即将发生的 事；She said she was going to start off at once. 她说她将立刻动身；I was told that he was going
34、 to return home. 有人告知我他预备回家；此结构仍可表示依据当时情形判定有可能但不肯定会发生某事；例如：It seemed as if it was going to rain. 看来似乎要下雨；（三） come, go, leave, arrive, start 等动词可用过去进行时代替过去将来 时；He said the train was leaving at six the next morning. 他说火车将于其次天早晨六点离开；She told me she was coming to see me. 她告知我她要来看我；（四）条件状语从句和时间状语从句中须用一般过
35、去时代替过去将来时；例如：I didn t know when she would come, but when she came I would let you know. 我不知道她什么时候来,但她来了我会告知你；The teacher said that it would be very difficult to make progress if I didnt work hard. 老师说,假如我不努力学习的话,就很难取得进步；现在进行时1.含义：表示现在或现阶段正在进行或发生的动作和存在的状态；2.判定词： now, look, listen, at 7:00 3.谓语动词构成： b
36、e is ,am ,are doing be 动词随人称变为is, am, are. 4. 现在进行时的句式：确定句 : 主语 +be +v-ing+其它 . 如: I am reading a book. _精品资料_ 否定句：直接在 be后加 not. 如：I am writing. I am not writing. 第 7 页,共 11 页- - - - - - -_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载一般疑问句及回答 :问句 ,直接把 be 提前, 确定回答 :Yes,主语 +be 否定回答 : No,主语 +be+not-Are you drawi
37、ng. -Yes, I am. /No, Im not.过去进行时过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内进行或发生的动作；其形式为was /were + V-ing；常与表示过去的时间状语连用,如：等；或者与 when, while, as 引导的过去时间状语连用；last night, last Saturday过去进行时（ Past continous tense ）表示过去某时正在进行的动作不强调是否完成）；（过去进行时详细用在什么地方,看下面的XX ）结构1. 过去进行时由“ 助动词 was/were + 现在分词 ” 构成We were having supper when th
38、e phone rang. 我们正在吃晚饭时电话响了 .2. 过去进行时的否定式由“ was/were not +现在分词 ” 构成 .This time yesterday Jack was not watching TV. He was repairing his bike. 昨天这个时候 ,杰克不是在看电视 ,而是在修理自行车 .3. 过去进行时的疑问式由“ was/were + 主语 + 现在分词 .” 构成 .Were you playing basketball at four yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午四点你们在打篮球吗 . 基本用法 1. 过去进行时的基
39、本用法主要表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作；He fell asleep when he was reading. 他看书时睡着了；现在 用过去进行时表示现在主要是为了使语气委婉、2. 过去进行时表示 客气；I was wondering if you could give me a lift. 我不知你能否让我搭一下车；【注】一般过去时也有类似用法,但比较而言,用过去进行时显得更客气,更不愿定；3. 过去进行时表示 感情颜色 与现在进行时相像,过去进行时也可表示满意、赞扬、惊奇、厌恶等感情颜色, 也通常与 等副词 连用；always, forever, continually如： They w
40、ere always quarrelling. 他们老是吵架；4. 动词 be 的过去进行时动词 时的状态；be 的进行时也可表示过去一时的表现或暂比较 ：He was friendly. 他很友好； 指过去长期如此 He was being friendly. 他当时显得很友好；指当时一时的表现特别用法1、当句子意思很清晰时,我们也可以把两个动词都换成一般过去时 We listened carefully while the teacher read the text. 老师读课文时,我们都认真地听着；_精品资料_ - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 11 页_归纳总结汇总_ - -
41、- - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载2、表示按方案、 支配过去将要发生的事；用于 come, go, leave, start, arrive 等表示位置转移的动词时,也可以用过去进行时表示过去将要发生的动作；He told me that he was going soon. 3、表示故事发生的背景；他告知我他很快就要走了；It was snowing as the medical team made its way to the front. 那支医疗小组往前线行进时,天正下着雪；4、表示一个新的动作刚刚开头；过去进行时可用来引出一个新的动作,这种用法颇有点儿像镜头转换；5 mi
42、nutes later, he stood in the doorway smoking a cigarette. 5 分钟后,他已站在门口抽着烟；5、过去进行时仍可和 when 结构遥相呼应,含有意外之意；I was walking in the street when someone called me. 我正在街上走时突然有人喊我；6、用来陈述 缘由 或用作借口；She went to the doctor yesterday. She was having a lot of trouble with her heart.她昨天去看病了；她患了很严峻的心脏病；7、与 always, co
43、nstantly 等词连用,表示感情颜色；The girl was always changing her mind. 常用的时间状语这女孩老是转变想法；this morning, the whole morning, all day ,yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while ,at that time, just now,a moment ago My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself; It was raining when they
44、 left the station; When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining. 典型例题1 Mary _C_ a dress when she cut her finger. A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes 时, when 表时间答案 C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情,应用过去时；同的同时性, 玛丽在做衣服时供应事情发生的背景,因此用过去进行时；2 As she _b_ the newspaper, Granny _ asleep. A. read ；was fal
45、ling B. was reading ； fell C. was reading ； was falling D. read； fell 答案 B. 句中的 as = when, while ,意为 当 之时 ；描述一件事发生的背景时,用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候,另一个短动作发生；句意为在她看报纸时, 奶奶睡着了； 句中的fell fall的过去时 ,是系动词,后跟 形容词 ,如： fall sick ； 过去进行时的基本用法:表示过去某个时刻或时间正在进行过连续进行的动作 ,句中往往需要有 时间状语 来表示这一特定的时间 . What were they doing just now. 他们刚才在干什