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1、_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思八年级（下）新目标英语重点短语及句型总汇Unit 1 Will people have robots. fewer people 更少的人（ fewer 修饰名词复数,表示否定）less free time 更少的闲暇时间 （less修饰不行数名词,表示否定）in ten years 10 年后（in 的时间短语用于将来时,提问用 How soon）fall in love with爱上 例： When I met Mr. Xu for the first time, I fell in love wi
2、th him at once 当我第一次见到许老师,我立刻爱上他live alone 单独居住feel lonely 感到孤独（比较：live alone/go along 等）The girl walked alone along the street, but she didn t feel lonely 那女孩独自沿着街道走,但她并不感到孤独keep/feed a pet pig 养一头宠物猪fly to the moon 飞上月球hundreds of +复数 数百 /几百（类似仍有 thousands of; millions of）the same as 和 相同A be diff
3、erent from B A 与 B 不同=There is a difference/There are differences between A and B wake up 变得厌倦醒来（ wake sb. up 表示“ 唤醒某人 ”get bored （ get/become是连系动词,后跟形容词如tired/angry/excited 等）go skating 去滑冰（类似仍有go hiking/fishing /skating/bike riding 等）lots of/a lot of 很多（修饰可数名词、 不行数名词都可以）at the weekends 在周末study on
4、 computers 通过电脑学习agree with sb. 同意某人 的看法 I don t agree. = I disagree. 我不同意on a piece of paper 在一张纸上（留意 paper/information/news/work/homework/housework 等常考到的不可数名词）_精品资料_ on vacation 度假住在 12 楼第 1 页,共 27 页help sb with sth/help sb do sth 帮忙某人做某事many different kinds of goldfish 很多不同种金鱼live in an apartment
5、 住在公寓里 /live on the twelfth floor live at NO.332,Shanghai Street 住在上海路332 号as a reporter 作为一名记者look smart 显得精神 /看起来聪慧- - - - - - -_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思Are you kidding. 你在骗我吗in the future anymore在将来 /在将来no more=not 不再（强调多次发生的动作不再发生）no longer=not any l onger 不再（强调状态不再发生）beside
6、s（除 之外仍,包括）与except =but（除 之外,不包括）be able to 与 can 能、会（be able to 用于各种时态, 而 can 只能用于一般现在时态和一般过去时态中； have to 用于各种时态,而must 只能用于一般现在时态）例如： 1.I have been able to/will be able to speak two languages. （不行以用 can）2. will have to/ had to stay at home. （不行以用 must）本单元目标句型：What do you think life will be like in
7、1000 years. There will be fewer trees 、more buildings and less pollution in the future. fewer； less表示否定之意,分别修饰可数名词和不行数名词；more 二者都可以修饰；Will kids go to school. No, they wont/Yes, they wil本单元语法讲解一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态；本时态标志词：1.含 tomorrow; next 短语； 2.in+段时间；3.how soon；4.by+将来时间；5.by the time sb.do6.祈使句句型中
8、：or/and sb. will do 例 Be quick, or you will be late=If you don t be quick,you will be late 7. 在时间 / 条件状语从句中, 假如从句用一般现在时, 主句用将来时8.another day 比较 be going to 与 will: 1.be going to 表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情,远一些；will 表示的将来时间就较如 He is going to write a letter tonight. He will write a book one day. 2. be going to 表示依
9、据主观判定将来确定发生的事情,来势必发生的事情；will 表示客观上将He is seriously ill. He is going to die. He will be twenty years old. 3. be going to 含有 “ 方案,预备 ” 的意思,而will 就没有这个意思,如：_精品资料_ - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 27 页_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思She is going to lend us her book. 4.在有条件从句的主句中,一般不用He will be here in
10、 half an hour. be going to, 而多用 will, 如：If any beasts comes at you, Ill stay with you and help you. 把握了它们的这些不同,你就能很好的区分Unit 2 What should I do. be going to与 will 了；too loud 太大声out of style 过时的in style 流行的call sb up=ring sb.up=call/ring/phone sb. 给 .打电话enough money 足够的钱 enough 修饰名词时不必后置 busy enough 够
11、忙enough 修饰形容词或副词时必需后置 a ticket to/for a ball game 一张球赛的门票留意： the key to the lock/the keyanswerr to the question/the solution to the problem .此处几个短语不能用 of 表示全部格talk about 谈论on the phone 用电话pay for 付款spend on +sth.=spend. in doing sth. 在 花钱It takes sb. sometime to do sth. 某人做某事花 的时间borrow from 从 .借 借进
12、来 lend to 把 借给（借出去）You can keep the book for a week 你可以借这本书一周；buy sth for sb 为 买东西tell sb to do /not to do sth.sth 告知某人做某事want sb. to do sth.=would like sb. to do 想某人做某事find out 发觉；查清晰；弄明白play one s stereo 放录象fail the test=not pass the test 考试不及格fail in doing sth 在.上失败 ,变弱succeed in doing sth 在.方面胜利
13、write sb a letter/write to sb. 给某人写信surprise sb. 使某人惊讶（类似有：surprise/interest/please/amaze+某人）to one s surprise 使某人惊讶的是 .to one joy 使某人兴奋的是 .look for a part-time job get/find a part-time job 找一份兼职的工作（不肯定有结果）找到一份兼职的工作（有结果）_精品资料_ - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 27 页_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思as
14、k sb. for寻求 /向某人要某物have a bake sale 卖烧烤argue with sb = have an argument with sb. 与某人争执have a fight with sb.=fight with 与某人打架drop off 离去；散去；逐步削减 ;死去prepare for =get ready for 为 做预备after-school clubs 课外俱乐部be/get used to doing 习惯做某事used to do 过去常常 /常常做某事be used for doing=be used to do sth. 被用于做某事fill u
15、p 填补；装满 return sth. to sb.=give sth. back to sb. 把某物归仍给某人get on /along well with 与 相处很好all kinds of 各种各样as much as possible 尽可能多take part in=join in 参与（某种活动 /集会）a bit =a little 一点儿（当修饰形容词或比较级时）a bit of =a little 一点儿 /一些（当修饰不行数名词时）be angry with 生 的气by oneself+ one s own 某人自己 /独自地on the one hand 一方面on
16、 the other hand 另一方面I find/feel/think it difficult to do. 我发觉 /感到 /认为做某事很难 . see/hear/watch sb. doing sth. 看到 /听见 /凝视某人正在做not until 直到 才（谓语动词一般是非连续动词）表示某人心情有关的形容词用法 : be/become+upset/tired/excited/interested/worried/surprised/amazed/annoyed 说明：当主语是某人时,留意后面的形容词一般是 主语是某物时或修饰名词时,留意后面形容词一般是-ed 结尾的单词,而当-
17、ing 结尾单词 .）例如 : I was surprised/interested/amazed when I heard the surprising/interesting/amazing news. 本单元目标句型：_精品资料_ Whats wrongwith you./Whats the matter. 第 4 页,共 27 页What should I do. 我该怎么办You could write him a letter. 你可以给他写封信You should say sorry to him. 你应当给他赔礼. - - - - - - -_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - -
18、 - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思They shouldn t argue.他们不应当争执.Why dont you talk to him about it.=Why not talk to him about it.=You should/could talk to him about it. =What/How about talking to him about it. =Youd better talk to him about it. Unit 3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived. in front of 在
19、的前面（外部）in the front of 在 的前面（内部）in the library 在图书馆get out of/get into 出 之外 /进入sleep late 睡懒觉sleep well 睡得好get to sleep 睡着walk down/along 沿 走take off 飞机 起飞；脱下（衣帽）on Sunday evening 在星期日晚上留意 :（特指某日如星期、假日、某月某日或某个特定的上、下午、晚上用on）in the tree 在树上take photos 照相at the train station 在火车站run away 跑开,逃跑as+adj 原形
20、 as 和 一样 例如： She is not as beautiful as her sister. I can run as fast as hehim buy/draw/make sth. for sb. 为某人买 /画/制作walk home 走回家in history 在历史上for example 例如in the city of 在 市on the playground 在操场上ten minutes ago 特别钟前take place 发生（强调必定性）happen to sth./sb. 发生（强调偶然性）例如： What has happened to you.=What
21、=Whats wrong with you.s the matter with you._精品资料_ of course=sure=certainly 当然第 5 页,共 27 页- - - - - - -_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思all over the world=around the world 遍及全世界outside/inside the station 在车站外 /内next to 相邻,紧贴close to 接近于；在邻近be ill in hospital/bed 生病住院 /在床hear about/of 听说
22、（间接听到）in silence 缄默不语本单元目标句型 : What were you doing when I arrived/at that time/at 8:00 last night/from 9:00 to 10:00 yesterday. I was doing sth. When+ 一般过去时的时间状语从句 .How about. / What about. While sth./sb. was doing sth., I was doing sth. 当不明飞行物着陆时,你正在干啥？landed. 当妈妈正在做饭时,我在看电视；watching TV . 本单元语法讲解Wh
23、at were you doing when the UFO While my mother was cooking ,I was 过去进行时（ Past Progressive Tense）句型 S + was/were +V-ing 例 A： She was doing her homework at 8:30 yesterday evening. （昨天傍晚八点半她正在做家庭作业；）例 B：We were having supper at that time. ）（那个时候我们正在吃晚饭；解说 如例 1 所示,在单句中使用过去进行时来表达时必需把该动作正在进行中的时间说明清晰,否就就不合
24、规律了；例如：I was taking a bath _精品资料_ yesterday. （错）（昨天我正在洗澡昨天24 小时都正在洗澡吗？）第 6 页,共 27 页- - - - - - -_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思所以本句应当如例 1 来表达,或者用一般过去时表达如下：I took a bath yesterday. （昨天我洗了澡； ）假如由上下文的文意,或者对谈中的话意可以明白“ 动作正在进行中的时间” ,单句里就使用过去进行时来表达是很一般的,例如：A：I called you up yesterday evening
25、. B：Did you. At what time. A：At around ten oclock. （大约在十点钟； ）B：Oh, I was taking a bath then. （哦,当时我正在洗澡；）过去进行时在表达上常用的句式是如例 相搭配；请观看下面的图解说明：2 所示和另一个一般过去时的动作过去有二动作A 和 B（如图示）,在 B 动作发生时稍早发生的A 动作正好在进行中,所以这种表达法通常都是复句（主句+副词从句）；例如：When I got up this morning, Mother was preparing breakfast in the kitchen.（今日早
26、上我起床时妈妈正在厨房里预备早餐；“Mother ；”是主句,“ when ,” 是副词从句； ）常用于修饰过去进行时的时间副词：过去的某肯定点时刻（at + 过去的时刻）,then （= at that time ）（那时, 当时）,all + 时间,“When /While /As ” 等副词从句,etc. Unit 4 He said I was hard-working every Saturday 每周六first of all both and 两者都（谓语动词要留意对称原就）_精品资料_ neither .nor 两者都不（谓语动词要留意就近和对称原就）第 7 页,共 27 页m
27、ost of 绝大多数an exciting week 令人兴奋的一周agree on something 同意某人的方案；对 .取得一样看法agree to do sth. 答应 /同意做 - - - - - - -_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思pass on 传递be supposed to do sth. 被期望或被要求做 . . be mad at 对 疯狂 /愤怒do better in=be better at 在.方面做得更好be in good health 身体健康report card 成果单sound /fee
28、l /smell /taste /look 是连系动词,一般只能跟 adj.做表语sound like/feel like/smell like/taste like/look like 听起来像 /感觉像 /闻起来像 /尝起来像 /看起来像 +sb./sth. get over克服；复原；原谅open up 打开 /绽开 /开发 /揭露care for照管；照管；意愿；计较have a party for sb.为某人举办一次聚会end-of-year exam=final exam 期末考试本单元目标句型：间接引语句型转述他人话语 : What did sb. say. He said I
29、 She said she They said许老师告知我徐梦蝶会说二种语言；speak three languages. Mr. Xu told me that XuMengdie could 许老师说地球围着太阳转；Mr. Xu said thatthe earth turns around the sun. 许老师告知我他将去北京；许老师说欧洋正在做作业that time. She told me he would go to Beijing the next day. Mr. Xu said OuYang was doing his homework at 许老师说王硕研勤奋；Mr.
30、Xu said Wang Shuoyan was hard-working. 在英语上, 与听相比, 我更善于于读； In English, I listening. 情形怎样？Hows it going.m better at reading than 她不想再当我最好的伴侣了；She didnt want to be my best friend anymore. 本单元语法讲解 直接引语和间接引语（一）直接引述别人的原话,叫做直接引语；用自己话转述别人的话,叫 做间接引语；间接引语一般构成宾语从句；直接引语必需放在引号内,间 接引语就不用引号；直接引语改为间接引语时,除将引语部分变成宾语
31、从 句外,仍必需对直接引语中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状_精品资料_ - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 27 页_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思语等进行转变；1. 时态的变化：直接引语变为间接引语时,通常受转述动词 said,asked 等的影响而使用过去化的时态,即把原先的时态向过去推,也就是一般现在时变一般过去时,现在进行时变为过去进行时等；例如：Tom said to me, “ My brother is doing his homework.” Tom said to me that his brothe
32、r was doing his homework. 2. 人称代词、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等等的变化；依据意义进行 相应的变化；如：She asked Jack, “ Where have you been.” She asked Jack where he had been. He said, “ These books are mine. ” He said that those books were his. （二）直接引语改为间接引语时,都使用陈述语序,但是由于原句的句式不同,所以变成间接引语时所用的连词会有所不同；1.陈述句的间接引语：陈述句由直接引语变间接引语,由 省略；th
33、at 引导,可以“ I want the blue one.” he told us. “ 我想要兰色的；” 他说；He told us that he wanted the blue one.他说他想要兰色的；She said to me, “ You cant do anything now. ” 她对我说：“ 此刻你无法做任何事情；” She told me that I couldnt do anything then. 她 对 我 说 那 时 我无法做任何事；2. 疑问句的间接引语直接引语假如是疑问句,变成间接引语后,叫做间接疑问句；间接疑问句为陈述语序,句末用句号,动词时态等的变化
34、与间接陈述句相同；引述动词常用 ask, wonder, want to know 等间接疑问句一般有三种：1 一般疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时,由 whether 或 if 引导； 如：“ Has he ever worked in Shanghai.” Jim asked. “ 他在上海工作过吗？”吉姆问；Jim asked whether/if he had ever work 在上海工作过；“ Can you tell me the way to the hospital.ed in Shanghai. 吉姆问他是否” The old man asked. 那个老人问： “ 你能告知
35、我去医院的路吗？The old man asked whether I could tell him the way to the hospital. 那老人问我是否能告知他去医院路；2. 特别疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时,仍由原先的疑问词引导；如： “ Which room do you live in.” He asked. “你住哪个房间？ ” 他问我；_精品资料_ He asked me which room I lived in. 他问我住哪个房间；第 9 页,共 27 页- - - - - - -_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟
36、读而精思“ What do you think of the film.” She asked. 她问 “ 你怎么看这部电影？” She asked her friend what she thought of the film. 她问她伴侣怎么看这部电影；3. 挑选疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时,由 whether/if or 引导； 如：“Is it your bike or Toms. Mum asked. 妈妈问： “ 这是你的自行车仍是汤姆的？ ” Mum asked whether/if it was my bike or Tom 仍是汤姆的；妈妈问这是我的自行车“Does you
37、r sister like blue dresses or green ones.” Kate asked.“ 你妹妹喜爱兰色的裙子仍是绿色的？” 凯特问；Kate asked whether/if my si ster liked blue dresses or green ones. 凯特问我妹妹喜爱兰色裙子仍是绿色的；3. 祈使句的间接引语当祈使句变为间接引语时,间接祈使句的引述动词常用 tell,ask,order ,beg,request,order 等,而把直接祈使句变成带 to的不定式短语；如：Jack said, “ Please come to my house tomorr
38、ow, Mary.”杰克说：“ 玛丽,明天请到我家来；”Jack asked Mary to go to his house the next day. 杰克请玛丽其次天到他家去；The teacher said to the students, “ 不要讲话了； ” Stop talking. 老师对同学们说：The teacher told the students to stop talking. 老师让同学们 不要说话了；“ Dont touch anything.” He said.“ 不要碰任何东西；” 他说；He told us not to touch anything.他对我
39、们说不要碰任何东西；4. 动词时态和代词等的变动 1. 某些代词,限定词,表示时间或地点的副词和个别动词在间接引语 中的变化规章：直接引语 间接引语today that day now then, at that moment yesterday the day before the day before yesterday two days before tomorrow the next day / the following day the day after tomorrow next week/ month etclast week/ month etctwo days after,
40、 / in two days the next week/month etc the week / month etc. before _精品资料_ - - - - - - -第 10 页,共 27 页_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思here there this that these those come go bring take 2. 假如引述动词为现在时形式,就间接引语中的动词时态,代词,限定词和表示时间或地点的副词不用变化；而假如引述动词是过去时,以上内容就要有相应变化；变化情形如下：现在时间推移到过去的时间留意 :假如直接
41、引语是表示客观规律的,那么时态仍旧用一般现在时一般现在时 一般过去时；ll have a great time. 现在进行时 过去进行时；一般将来时 过去将来时；现在完成时 过去完成时；Unit 5 If you go to the party ,youat the party 在晚会上ask sb. to do sth. 请某人做某事stay at home 呆在家half the class/students 一半同学get injured 受伤have a great time 玩得兴奋take away运走,取走all the time=always始终,始终make a living
42、谋生in order to do为了做某事have a party 举办聚会go to college上高校be famous for 因 而著称make money 挣钱in fact事实上laugh at 嘲笑too much 太多 修饰不行数名词 too many 太多 修饰可数名词复数much too+形容词 /副词太 get exercise 锤炼留意 :（exercise 当“ 锤炼” 是不行数名词；而当“ 操”词）“ 练习” 是可数名_精品资料_ - - - - - - -第 11 页,共 27 页_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思travel around the world 周游世界work hard 努力工作wear jeans 穿牛仔裤let . in 答应 进入,嵌入get an education 获得训练本单元目标句型：1. If yo u do, youll .2. Im going to 3. You should4. Don t you want to 5. Don t you think .假如许老师去参与晚会,我们将会玩得特别兴奋；party, we ll have a great time.假如你穿牛