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1、读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思八年级（下）新目标英语重点短语及句型总汇Unit 1 Will people have robots? fewer people 更少的人（ fewer 修饰名词复数，表示否定）less free time 更少的空闲时间 （less修饰不可数名词，表示否定）in ten years 10 年后（in 的时间短语用于将来时，提问用 How soon）fall in love with爱上 例： When I met Mr. Xu for the first time, I fell in love with him at once 当我第一次见到许老师，我
2、立刻爱上他live alone 单独居住feel lonely 感到孤独（比较：live alone/go along等）The girl walked alone along the street, but she didn t feel lonely 那女孩独自沿着街道走，但她并不感到孤独keep/feed a pet pig 养一头宠物猪fly to the moon 飞上月球hundreds of +复数数百 /几百（类似还有thousands of; millions of）the same as 和 相同A be different from B A 与 B 不同(=There i
3、s a difference/There are differences between A and B) wake up 醒来（ wake sb. up 表示“ 唤醒某人 ”get bored 变得厌倦（ get/become是连系动词，后跟形容词如tired/angry/excited 等）go skating 去滑冰（类似还有go hiking/fishing /skating/bike riding 等）lots of/a lot of 许多（修饰可数名词、 不可数名词都可以）at the weekends 在周末study on computers 通过电脑学习agree with
4、sb. 同意某人 (的意见 ) I don t agree. = I disagree.我不同意on a piece of paper 在一张纸上（注意 paper/information/news/work/homework/housework等常考到的不可数名词）on vacation 度假help sb with sth/help sb do sth 帮助某人做某事many different kinds of goldfish 许多不同种金鱼live in an apartment 住在公寓里 /live on the twelfth floor 住在 12 楼live at NO.3
5、32,Shanghai Street 住在上海路332 号as a reporter 作为一名记者look smart 显得精神 /看起来聪明精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 27 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思Are you kidding? 你在骗我吗in the future 在将来 /在未来no more=not anymore不再（强调多次发生的动作不再发生）no longer=not any longer 不再（强调状态不再发生）besides （除 之外还，包括）与except =but（除 之外，
6、不包括）be able to 与 can 能、会（be able to 用于各种时态， 而 can 只能用于一般现在时态和一般过去时态中； have to用于各种时态，而must 只能用于一般现在时态）例如： 1.I have been able to/will be able to speak two languages. （不可以用 can）2. will have to/ had to stay at home. （不可以用must）本单元目标句型：What do you think life will be like in 1000 years? There will be fewer
7、 trees 、more buildings and less pollution in the future. fewer； less表示否定之意，分别修饰可数名词和不可数名词；more 二者都可以修饰。Will kids go to school? No, they won t/Yes, they will 本单元语法讲解一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。本时态标志词：1.含 tomorrow; next 短语； 2.in+段时间；3.how soon；4.by+将来时间；5.by the time sb.do6.祈使句句型中：or/and sb. will do 例 Be qui
8、ck, or you will be late=If you don t be quick,you will be late 7.在时间/条件状语从句中, 如果从句用一般现在时, 主句用将来时8.another day 比较 be going to 与 will: 1.be going to 表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情，will 表示的将来时间则较远一些。如 He is going to write a letter tonight. He will write a book one day. 2. be going to 表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情，will 表示客观上将来势必发生
9、的事情。He is seriously ill. He is going to die. He will be twenty years old. 3. be going to 含有 “ 计划，准备 ” 的意思，而will 则没有这个意思，如：精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 27 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思She is going to lend us her book. He will be here in half an hour. 4.在有条件从句的主句中，一般不用be going to, 而多用 w
10、ill, 如：If any beasts comes at you, Ill stay with you and help you. 掌握了它们的这些不同，你就能很好的区分be going to与 will 了。Unit 2 What should I do? too loud 太大声out of style 过时的in style 流行的call sb up=ring sb.up=call/ring/phone sb. 给.打电话enough money 足够的钱 (enough修饰名词时不必后置) busy enough 够忙(enough修饰形容词或副词时必须后置) a ticket t
11、o/for a ball game 一张球赛的门票注意： the key to the lock/the key(answer)r to the question)/the solution to the problem .此处几个短语不能用of 表示所有格talk about 谈论on the phone 用电话pay for 付款spend on +sth.=s pend.( in) doing sth. 在花钱It takes sb. sometime to do sth. 某人做某事花的时间borrow from从 .借( 借进来 ) lend to把 借给（借出去）You can k
12、eep the book for a week 你可以借这本书一周。buy sth for sb 为 买东西tell sb to do /not to do sth.sth 告诉某人做某事want sb. to do sth.=would like sb. to do 想某人做某事find out 发现；查清楚；弄明白play one s stereo放录象fail the test=not pass the test 考试不及格fail in (doing) sth 在.上失败 ,变弱succeed in (doing) sth 在.方面成功write sb a letter/write t
13、o sb.给某人写信surprise sb.使某人吃惊（类似有：surprise/interest/please/amaze+某人）to one s surprise 使某人吃惊的是 .to one s joy 使某人高兴的是 .look for a part-time job 找一份兼职的工作（不一定有结果）get/find a part-time job 找到一份兼职的工作（有结果）精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 27 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思ask sb. for寻求 /向某人要某物have a b
14、ake sale 卖烧烤argue with sb = have an argument with sb. 与某人争吵have a fight with sb.=fight with 与某人打架drop off离去；散去；逐渐减少;死去prepare for =get ready for 为做准备after-school clubs 课外俱乐部be/get used to doing 习惯做某事used to do 过去经常 /常常做某事be used for doing=be used to do sth. 被用于做某事fill up填补；装满 return sth. to sb.=give
15、 sth. back to sb. 把某物归还给某人get on /along well with 与相处很好all kinds of 各种各样as much as possible 尽可能多take part in=join in 参加（某种活动/集会）a bit =a little 一点儿（当修饰形容词或比较级时）a bit of =a little 一点儿 /一些（当修饰不可数名词时）be angry with 生 的气by oneself+ one s own 某人自己 /独自地on the one hand 一方面on the other hand 另一方面I find/feel/t
16、hink it difficult to do. 我发现 /感到 /认为做某事很难. see/hear/watch sb. doing sth. 看到 /听见 /注视某人正在做not until 直到 才（谓语动词一般是非延续动词）表示某人情绪有关的形容词用法: be/become+upset/tired/excited/interested/worried/surprised/amazed/annoyed 说明：当主语是某人时，注意后面的形容词一般是-ed 结尾的单词，而当主语是某物时或修饰名词时，注意后面形容词一般是-ing 结尾单词 .）例如 : I was surprised/inte
17、rested/amazed when I heard the surprising/interesting/amazing news. 本单元目标句型：What s wrong (with you)?/What s the matter?What should I do? 我该怎么办You could write him a letter. 你可以给他写封信. You should say sorry to him. 你应该给他道歉. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 27 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思They
18、 shouldn t argue.他们不应该争吵.Why don t you talk to him about it?=Why not talk to him about it?=You should/could talk to him about it. =What/How about talking to him about it. =You d better t alk to him about it. Unit 3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived? in front of 在的前面（外部）in the front of 在的前面（内部
19、）in the library 在图书馆get out of/get into 出之外 /进入sleep late 睡懒觉sleep well 睡得好get to sleep 睡着walk down/along 沿走take off (飞机 )起飞；脱下（衣帽）on Sunday evening 在星期日晚上注意 :（特指某日如星期、假日、某月某日或某个特定的上、下午、晚上用on）in the tree 在树上take photos 照相at the train station 在火车站run away 跑开，逃跑as+adj 原形as 和一样 例如： She is (not) as beau
20、tiful as her sister. I can run as fast as he(him) buy/draw/make sth. for sb. 为某人买 /画/制作walk home 走回家in history 在历史上for example 例如in the city of 在市on the playground 在操场上ten minutes ago 十分钟前take place 发生（强调必然性）happen to sth./sb. 发生（强调偶然性）例如： What has happened to you?=What s the matter with you?=What s
21、 wrong with you?of course=sure=certainly 当然精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 27 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思all over the world=around the world 遍及全世界outside/inside the station 在车站外 /内next to 相邻，紧贴close to 接近于；在附近be ill in hospital/bed 生病住院 /在床hear about/of 听说（间接听到）in silence 沉默不语本单元目标句型:
22、What were you doing when I arrived/at that time/at 8:00 last night/from 9:00 to 10:00 yesterday? I was doing sth. When+ 一般过去时的时间状语从句.How about. / What about.? While sth./sb. was doing sth., I was doing sth. 当不明飞行物着陆时，你正在干啥？What were you doing when the UFO landed? 当妈妈正在做饭时，我在看电视。While my mother was c
23、ooking ,I was watching TV. 本单元语法讲解过去进行时（Past Progressive Tense ）句型S + was/were +V-ing例 A： She was doing her homework at 8:30 yesterday evening. （昨天傍晚八点半她正在做家庭作业。）例 B：We were having supper at that time. （那个时候我们正在吃晚饭。）解说如例 1 所示，在单句中使用过去进行时来表达时必须把该动作正在进行中的时间表明清楚，否则就不合逻辑了。例如：I was taking a bath yesterda
24、y. （错）（昨天我正在洗澡昨天24 小时都正在洗澡吗？）精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 27 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思所以本句应该如例1 来表达，或者用一般过去时表达如下：I took a bath yesterday. （昨天我洗了澡。 ）如果由上下文的文意，或者对谈中的话意可以了解“动作正在进行中的时间” ，单句里就使用过去进行时来表达是很普通的，例如：A：I called you up yesterday evening. B：Did you? At what time? A：At around
25、ten oclock. （大约在十点钟。 ）B：Oh, I was taking a bath then. （哦，当时我正在洗澡。）过去进行时在表达上常用的句式是如例2 所示和另一个一般过去时的动作相搭配。请观察下面的图解说明：过去有二动作A 和 B（如图示），在 B 动作发生时稍早发生的A 动作正好在进行中，所以这种表达法通常都是复句（主句+副词从句）。例如：When I got up this morning, Mother was preparing breakfast in the kitchen.（今天早上我起床时妈妈正在厨房里准备早餐。“Mother 。 ”是主句，“when， ”
26、是副词从句。 ）常用于修饰过去进行时的时间副词：过去的某一定点时刻（at + 过去的时刻） ，then （= at that time ） （那时， 当时），all + 时间， “ When /While/As”等副词从句，etc. Unit 4 He said I was hard-working every Saturday 每周六first of all both and两者都（谓语动词要注意对称原则）neither .nor 两者都不（谓语动词要注意就近和对称原则）most of 绝大多数an exciting week 令人兴奋的一周agree on something 同意某人的计
27、划；对. 取得一致意见agree to do sth. 答应 /同意做 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 27 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思pass on 传递be supposed to do sth.被期望或被要求做. . be mad at 对疯狂 /生气do better in=be better at 在.方面做得更好be in good health 身体健康report card 成绩单sound /feel /smell /taste /look 是连系动词，一般只能跟adj.做表语sound
28、like/feel like/smell like/taste like/look like 听起来像 / 感觉像 / 闻起来像 / 尝起来像 / 看起来像 +sb./sth. get over克服；恢复；原谅open up 打开 /展开 /开发 /揭露care for照料；照顾；意愿；计较have a party for sb.为某人举行一次聚会end-of-year exam=final exam 期末考试本单元目标句型：间接引语句型转述他人话语: What did sb. say? He said I She said she They said许老师告诉我徐梦蝶会说二种语言。Mr. X
29、u told me that XuMengdie could speak three languages. 许老师说地球绕着太阳转。Mr. Xu said (that)the earth turns around the sun. 许老师告诉我他将去北京。She told me he would go to Beijing the next day. 许老师说欧洋正在做作业Mr. Xu said OuYang was doing his homework at that time. 许老师说王硕研勤奋。Mr. Xu said Wang Shuoyan was hard-working. 在英语
30、上， 与听相比， 我更擅长于读。 In English, Im better at reading than listening. 情况怎样？How s it going?她不想再当我最好的朋友了。She didnt want to be my best friend anymore. 本单元语法讲解直接引语和间接引语（一）直接引述别人的原话，叫做直接引语；用自己话转述别人的话，叫做间接引语。间接引语一般构成宾语从句。直接引语必须放在引号内，间接引语则不用引号。直接引语改为间接引语时，除将引语部分变成宾语从句外，还必须对直接引语中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状精选学习资料 - - -
31、 - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 27 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思语等进行改变。1. 时态的变化：直接引语变为间接引语时，通常受转述动词said，asked等的影响而使用过去化的时态，即把原来的时态向过去推，也就是一般现在时变一般过去时，现在进行时变为过去进行时等。例如：Tom said to me, “My brother is doing his homework.” Tom said to me that his brother was doing his homework. 2. 人称代词、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等等的
32、变化；根据意义进行相应的变化。如：She asked Jack,“Where have you been? ” She asked Jack where he had been. He said, “These books are mine. ” He said that those books were his. （二）直接引语改为间接引语时，都使用陈述语序，但是因为原句的句式不同，所以变成间接引语时所用的连词会有所不同。1.陈述句的间接引语：陈述句由直接引语变间接引语，由that 引导，可以省略。“I want the blue one.” he told us. “ 我想要兰色的。” 他
33、说。He told us that he wanted the blue one.他说他想要兰色的。She said to me, “You cant do anything now. ” 她对我说：“ 此刻你无法做任何事情。” She told me that I couldn t do anything then.她 对 我 说 那 时 我无法做任何事。2. 疑问句的间接引语直接引语如果是疑问句，变成间接引语后，叫做间接疑问句。间接疑问句为陈述语序，句末用句号，动词时态等的变化与间接陈述句相同。引述动词常用ask, wonder, want to know 等间接疑问句一般有三种：(1)
34、一般疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时，由 whether 或 if 引导。 如：“Has he ever worked in Shanghai? ”Jim asked. “ 他在上海工作过吗？”吉姆问。Jim asked whether/if he had ever worked in Shanghai. 吉姆问他是否在上海工作过。“Can you tell me the way to the hospital?” The old man asked. 那个老人问：“ 你能告诉我去医院的路吗？The old man asked whether I could tell him the way t
35、o the hospital. 那老人问我是否能告诉他去医院路。(2). 特殊疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时，仍由原来的疑问词引导。如： “Which room do you live in?” He asked. “你住哪个房间？” 他问我。He asked me which room I lived in. 他问我住哪个房间。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 27 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思“What do you think of the film?” She asked.她问 “ 你怎么看这部电影？”
36、 She asked her friend what she thought of the film. 她问她朋友怎么看这部电影。(3). 选择疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时，由 whether/if or 引导。 如：“ Is it your bike or Tom s? Mum asked.妈妈问：“ 这是你的自行车还是汤姆的？” Mum asked whether/if it was my bike or Tom s.妈妈问这是我的自行车还是汤姆的。“ Does your sister like blue dresses or green ones?” Kate asked.“ 你妹妹喜
37、欢兰色的裙子还是绿色的？” 凯特问。Kate asked whether/if my si ster liked blue dresses or green ones. 凯特问我妹妹喜欢兰色裙子还是绿色的。3. 祈使句的间接引语当祈使句变为间接引语时，间接祈使句的引述动词常用 tell，ask，order，beg，request，order 等，而把直接祈使句变成带to的不定式短语。如：Jack said, “Please come to my house tomorrow, Mary. ”杰克说：“ 玛丽，明天请到我家来。”Jack asked Mary to go to his house
38、 the next day.杰克请玛丽第二天到他家去。The teacher said to the students, ”Stop talking.”老师对学生们说：“ 不要讲话了。”The teacher told the students to stop talking.老师让学生们不要说话了。“Don t touch anything.” He said.“ 不要碰任何东西。” 他说。He told us not to touch anything.他对我们说不要碰任何东西。4. 动词时态和代词等的变动(1). 某些代词，限定词，表示时间或地点的副词和个别动词在间接引语中的变化规则：直
39、接引语间接引语todaythat day now then, at that moment yesterdaythe day before the day before yesterdaytwo days before tomorrowthe next day / the following day the day after tomorrowtwo days after, / in two days next week/ month etcthe next week/month etc last week/ month etcthe week / month etc. before 精选学习
40、资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 27 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思herethere thisthat thesethose comego bringtake (2). 如果引述动词为现在时形式，则间接引语中的动词时态，代词，限定词和表示时间或地点的副词不用变化。而如果引述动词是过去时，以上内容就要有相应变化。变化情况如下：现在时间推移到过去的时间(注意 :如果直接引语是表示客观规律的,那么时态仍然用一般现在时一般现在时 一般过去时；现在进行时 过去进行时；一般将来时 过去将来时；现在完成时 过去完成时；Unit
41、5 If you go to the party ，you ll have a great time!at the party 在晚会上ask sb. to do sth. 请某人做某事stay at home 呆在家half the class/students 一半学生get injured 受伤have a great time 玩得高兴take away运走，取走all the time=always一直，始终make a living谋生in order to do为了做某事have a party 举行聚会go to college上大学be famous for 因 而著称mak
42、e money 挣钱in fact事实上laugh at 嘲笑too much 太多 (修饰不可数名词) too many 太多 (修饰可数名词复数) much too+形容词 /副词太get exercise 锻炼注意 :（exercise 当“锻炼”是不可数名词；而当“操”“练习”是可数名词）精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页，共 27 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思travel around the world 周游世界work hard 努力工作wear jeans 穿牛仔裤let . in允许 进入，嵌入g
43、et an education获得教育本单元目标句型：1. If you do, you ll 2. I m going to 3. You should4. Don t you want to ?5. Don t you think .?如果许老师去参加晚会，我们将会玩得非常高兴。If Mr. Xu go to the party, we ll have a great time.如果你穿牛仔裤去晚会，许老师将不会让你进入。If you wear jeans to the party, Mr. Xu won t let you in.本单元语法讲解if 引导的条件状语从句。If 是连词，所连
44、接的句子叫条件状语从句，表示假设或条件，意思是“ 如果 的话 ” ，用法如下：1、表示假设，表示将会发生和可能发生的事，或进行提醒警告。句子结构如下：If + 句子（一般现在时） ，+主句（主语will/may/can) + 动词）a. If you finish your homework , you can go out and play. b. If I have enough money next year , I will go to travel . 2. 表示真实条件、客观真理、 自然现象、 定理定义 .民 间谚语等， 句型是：If + 句子（一般现在时） ，+ 主句（一般现在时
45、）. 例：If you study hard ,you are sure to succeed . If you put ice in a warm place ,it turns into water . If a glass falls on the floor, it usually breaks If you cook a banana, it becomes very soft . If a plant don t get enough light ,it grows very tall and thin.Unit 6 How long have you been collectin
46、g shells? how long 多长时间了？start class/skating/to skate 开始上课 /滑冰= begin class/skating/to skate a skating marathon 一场滑冰马拉松would like = d like 愿意、想要run out of by the way 顺便问一下more than = over 超过ever since 自从raise money for charity 筹集善款a pair of 一双精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 12 页，共 27
47、页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思the whole five hours 整整五个小时fly kites 放风筝in Russian style 以俄罗斯的风格collect stamps 集邮on the way to. 在的路上be interested in 对感兴趣three and a half years =three years and a half 三年半a pair of skates/shoes/glasses/trousers/jeans 一双滑冰鞋 /一双鞋 /一副眼镜 /一条裤子 /牛仔裤How much is a pair of skates / shoes
48、 /glasses / trousers /jeans? = How much does a(this) pair of skates/shoes/glasses/trousers/jeans cost? How much are the skates / shoes / glasses / trousers / jeans? = How much do the skates / shoes / glasses / trousers / jeans cost? 本单元目标句型：1. How long have you been skating? 你滑冰有多长时间了？2. I ve been s
49、kating since nine o clock./since I was four years old.我从九点一直滑到现在/我从四岁一直滑到现在。3. I ve been skating for five hours. 我一直滑了五小时。4.The more I learn about Chinese history, the more I enjoy living in China. 我对中国的历史了解得越多，我就越喜欢住在中国。Every hour they skate, each student raises ten yuan for charity. 每位学生每溜冰一个小时就能为
50、慈善事业筹到10 元钱。every 和 each 都表示 “每一个”，但 every 是指整体， each是指每个个体。Next is Sam. 紧接着的是Sam。Because we ve run out of room to store them. 因为我们已经没地方存放他们了。By the way, what s your hobby? 顺便问一下，你有什么爱好？I am interested in the job as a writer. 我对这份作家的工作感兴趣。In fact, the first Jews probably came to Kaifeng more than a