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1、-英语必修6知识点总结-第 7 页英语选修6 总结Part1 : Phrases Unit 1 Art1. in the abstract 抽象地，理论上abstract sth. from sth. 从中提取2. as well as 也，同，和；同一样3. aim at sth. 瞄准aim to do sth. 意欲，企图做某事aim at doing sth.with the aim of 带有的目的4. focus on=concentrate on 集中5. convince sb. Of 使某人信服6. a great deal (of) 大量7. in the flesh 活着
2、的 本人8. take the place of sb. = replace 代替，取代take ones place 代替，取代；入座；就位9. break away from 脱离，摆脱，放弃10. at the same time 同时；但是11. would rather do sth （主语）宁愿做某事would rather sb. did sth. 宁愿某人做某事(现在或将来)would rather sb. had done sth. 宁愿某人做某事(过去)12. as a consequence =in consequence = as a result 结果as a con
3、sequence of =in consequence of =as a result of 由于的原因13. in possession of 拥有in the possession of sb =in ones possession 为某人所拥有take/ have possession of 拥有（占有）14. consider doing 考虑做某事consider sb./sth. to be/as consider that-clause 认为，看待consider it adj./n.to do sth.15. be well worth doing 值得(表被动)16. be
4、contemporary with 与属同时期17. convince sb. of sth使某人确信/明白某事 convince sb. +that clause 使某人相信convince sb.to do sth. 说服某人做某事15. attempt to do sth. 企图做某事16. on the one handon the other hand 一方面另一方面17. scores of 许多，大量18. not onlybut also 不但而且19. every two years 每两年 every second year every other year20. be (
5、well) worth n./doing(主动表被动) 值得Unit 2 Poems1. go over 复习，检查2. make sense 有意义，说得通(Sb.) make sense of sth理解 (Sth.) make sense to sb.有意义，说得通3. recite / read / explain sth. to sb.给某人背诵/读 / 解释4. couvey ones emtions表达情感5. bow to 向鞠躬 / 屈服6. stay/sit up熬夜7. take it easy = take things easy放轻松，别紧张take ones tim
6、e 别着急,慢慢来8. (Sb.) run out ofsth. 用完，耗尽（及物）(Sth.) run out 用完（不及物） 9. make up组成 / 编造 / 化妆 / 弥补 / 和解be made up of = consist of 由组成10. a few more minutes 再多几分钟11. be popular with = be well received by 很受欢迎12. be brimful of = be full of 充满13. translate A into B把翻译成14. week in ,week out一周又一周day by day 一天又
7、一天15. on and on继续不停地16. by chance / accident碰巧17. hold on 继续 / 别挂断(电话)18. (Sb. / Sth.) be likely to do sth. 有可能.19. try out试验 try on试穿20. let out 泄漏 / 发出(声音) / 释放 / 放宽(衣服)21. look forward to 盼望Unit 3 Healthy Life 1. due to由于；归功于2. be/become addicted to对有瘾3. decide on对做出决定4. be/become/grow accustomed
8、 to sth./doing sth. 习惯于某事/做某事5. feel like (doing) 想要（做）6. in spite of 不管；不顾7. stand for 支持；代表8. get (sb.) into (sth.) 陷入；染上坏习惯；进入get into the way/habit of doing sth. 学成做某事的方法/养成做某事的习惯9. be ashamed of/that.为感到惭愧/羞愧be ashamed to do sth. 羞于做某事10.take off 开除/脱衣/起飞/取消/休假11.quit (doing) sth. 停止做某事12.at ri
9、sk处在危险之中take risks(a risk) 冒险13.manage to do sth. 设法做好/设法办到某事o far 到目前为止（与现在完成时连用）15.make sure 确定；查明；弄明白16.prevent sb. (from) doing sth. 阻止某人做某事17.every time 每次；每当Unit 4 Global warming1. global warming全球气候变暖2. a supply of /supplies of大量的3. depend on依*4. human activity人类活动5. a natural phenomenon自然现象6
10、. be trapped in.被困在7. a quantity of/quantities of + n. 大量的8. result in导致.(+结果)result from 原因是.（+原因）9. as a result = in consequenceas a result of =in consequence of 因此of由于的缘故10. build up逐渐建立11. keep on保持12. make a differencemake no difference有影响；有关系对没有影响；不重要13. put up with忍受14. as/so long as 只要15. an
11、d so on等等16. glance at很快地看一眼.17. on the whole大体上18. compareto./compare.with与相比19. come about发生(不及物)come across偶遇;穿过 come back回来 come down降下;减低 come in进来;到达 come out出来;出版 come up上来;被提出讨论;发芽 come up with追上;赶上come to 结果达到;苏醒20. heat up受热21. up to多达; 比得上22. in the years ahead今后一些年里23. carry out执行24. dec
12、rease by下降了decrease (from ) to（从）下降到25. greenhouse effect温室效应Unit 5 The power of nature1. a volcano erupting一次火山爆发2. an active / a live volcano活火山3. comparewith / to把和进行比较compareto把比作4. imagine doing sth.设想做某事5. take risks / a risk冒险at risk处于危险之中at the risk of doing sth.冒危险risk doing sth.冒险做某事6. mee
13、t with sb.碰到、遇到某人7. excite sb./oneself使某人/自己激动8. protect sb. / sth. from保护免遭9. be warned (not) to do sth. 被警告（不要）去做某事 warn sb. of danger 警告某人有危险10. move sth. out of the way把搬离11. burn to the ground全部焚毁12. far more (=much more)多得多，多很多13. the first sight of第一次看见14. be fast asleep睡得很熟15. be about to do
14、 sth. when正要做某事就在这时16. as bright as day亮如白昼17. in the distance在远处（大范围的）at a / some distance(有间隔的)在远处（的具体某地）18. in the side of the mountain在山的一边19. have a much closer look ( at sth.)近距离的观看(某物)20. be in a panic陷入恐慌（状态）get into a panic陷入恐慌（动作）21. make ones way to 前往.22. climb down into爬进23. be enthusia
15、stic about对怀着热情24. be amazed at 对感到惊讶25. take sb. by surprise使某人大吃一惊take sth. by surprise突袭 26. make an effort to do sth. 努力做某事27. be out of work失业28. (the) Lake of Heaven天上的湖（天池）29. thick forest茂密的森林30. nature reserve自然保护区31. vary from to 由到不等32. a great diversity of多种多样33. take a bath沐浴34. give bi
16、rth to sb.生小孩35. glance through匆匆看一遍36. be bored with sb. / sth.对某人/某物厌烦37. cancel ones appointment with sb.取消和某人的约会Part 2: Grammar 1.it的用法一、 指代（后行）it: 1. It的基本用法是用来指代上文所提到的事物。如：Whatever you do or say, ask yourself whether it is in the interests of the people.A: Pass me a blue pen.B: Here it is / He
17、re you are.2. it, that, one, the one, ones, the ones 用于指代用法时的区别: it代替上文提及的原物(复数用they)；one指代上文提及的、泛指的可数名词单数（复数ones）；that指代上文提及的定指的可数名词单数或不可数名词（复数those）, the ones 相当于these, those。2）用以代替提示代词this, that。 Whats this? Its a knife. Whose watch is that? Its mine. （3）起指示代词的作用，指一个人或事物。 Who is knocking at the d
18、oor? Its me. （4）指环境情况等。 It was very noisy (quiet) at the very moment. （5）指时间、季节等。 What time is it? Its eight oclock. It often rains in summer here. （6）指距离。 It is a long way to the school. （7）作形式主语。 It is not easy to finish the work in two days. It is no use crying over spilt milk. It is as pity that
19、 you didnt read the book. （8）作形式宾语。 I think it no use arguing with him. I found it very interesting to study English. He made it clear that he was not interested in that subject. （9）用于强调结构。 It was Xiaoming whom(that)I met in the street last night. It was in the street that I met Xiaoming last night.
20、 It ws last night that I met Xiaoming in the street. It was I who met Xiaoming in the street last night. 2、含有“It is ”的句型 （1）It is time (for sb.) to do sth. It is (high) time that sb. did sth.(虚拟语气) （2）It is + 形容词（+of / for sb.）+ to do sth. 通常用 of的词有brave、clever、careful、hopeless、kind、good、naughty、nic
21、e、silly、stupid、foolish、 （3）It is + 形容词 + that + sb. + (should) do sth.（虚拟语气） 能用于这个句型的形容词有strange、wonderful、natural、good、proper、right、wrong、well、fortunate、important、necessary、useless、likely、probable、impossible等。有时可省去should而直接用动词原形。如： It is important that we should pay close attention to grain. It is
22、natural that he（should）say so. （4）It is no use/ good + doing sth. It is no use trying again = It is of no use to try again. （5）It is + 被强调部分 + that/who + Was it in the street that you met her? Who was it that called him“comrade”? It was not until yesterday that I met my old friend. It is in a small
23、factory that my brother is going to work.（注意上述各句均为强调句型的“考点”） 比较：It is a small factory where my brother is going to work.（定语从句） （6）It is said/reported/announced/ (well) known that （7）It is/was + 时间 + since 从已多久了。 It is three years since I met him in Beijing. It was a long time since I (had) lived in
24、that small mountain village with these farmers.（注意两句中的时态） It is five months since I arrived in New York.我到纽约已经五个月了。 It is five months since I was in New York.我离开纽约已经五个月了。 （注意：终止性动词表示从动作发生时算起；如果是状态动词或持续性动词，则从动作或状态结束时算起。） （8）It is + 时间 + before 这个句型和上面句型中时间都是时间段，如long、years、months、weeks、five days、thre
25、e hours、twenty minutes等。不过主句的时态多用一般将来时或一般过去时。 It will be several years before we meet again. 我们要过好几年才能再见面。 It was not long before they set out for the front. 不久他们就出发去了前线。 （9）It is /was/will be the first/second/third time that It is the first time that I have been here. It was the second time that he
26、 had seen the film. （10）It is up to sb. to do sth 应由某人做某事。 It is up to you to decide whether we start or not.2.现在分词作状语 ：A动词-ing形式在句子中做状语，表示的动作是主语动作的一部分，与谓语动词表示的动作或状态是同时或者几乎同时发生的。B句子的主语必须是状语的逻辑主语；而且主语与作状语的分词之间呈逻辑上的主谓关系。1.原因状语，相当于原因状语从句。1).Being ill, she didnt go to school today. 因为生病，她今天没上学去。2). Seei
27、ng no one at home, I decided to come again.看见没有人在家，我决定再来一趟。2. 时间状语，相当于when, while等引导的从句。1).Hearing the good news, he jumped with joy.当听到这个好消息时，他高兴地跳了起来。2).Walking in the street, I saw a friend of mine.当我走在街上时，我看到了我的朋友。(如果分词短语表示的动作与谓语表示的动作同时发生，常在分词短语前加上when或while)3).Be careful when crossing the stree
28、t. 过街时小心。3. 伴随状语，与谓语所表示的动作同时发生。1).He sat at the table reading China Daily. 他坐在桌子旁看中国日报。2).Talking and smiling, they went into the room. 他们又说又笑地走进房间。4. 结果状语。1).The mother died, leaving a lot of money for her children.母亲去世了，给她的孩子留下了一大笔钱。5. 条件状语。Turning right, you will find the place you want.往右转弯，你就会找
29、到你要找的地方了。III.现在分词短语作状语时，它的逻辑主语一般须与句子的主语一致。作状语的分词相当于一个状语从句。1).Seeing from the top of the hill, we can see our beautiful school.从山顶望下去，我们就能看到我们美丽的学校。但有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑主语，独立主语=逻辑主语+现在分词表示伴随，时间、原因，条件。2).Many people being absent, they decided to put the meeting off.由于许多人都缺席了，他们决定取消这次会议。IV. 现在分词的否定形式。完成式的否定式
30、:not+ having doneNot having heard from her son for a long time, the mother worried a great deal.由于很久没有收到儿子的来信，这位母亲很担心。V. 现在分词的时态和语态的用法。1). 分词一般式表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作一般同时进行时，则用分词的一般式形式。He walked on the street, seeing back from time to time. 他走在街上，不时地向身后看看2). 如果分词所表示的动作先于谓语动词发生，则用分词的完成式形式。Having finished h
31、is work, Henry went home. 完成了他的工作后，亨利回家了。3.强调句1.定义：强调句型是通过it强调词来改变句子结构，使句子的某一成分受到强调而构成的强调结构2、基本结构:(1) 陈述句的强调句型：It is/ was + 被强调部分（通常是主语、宾语或状语）+ that/ who（当强调主语且主语指人）+ 其它部分。强调句可以强调除谓语以外的一切成分。下面我们针对I met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.句子进行强调。强调主语：It was I that (who) met Li Ming at the railwa
32、y station yesterday. 强调宾语：It was Li Ming that I met at the railway station yesterday.强调地点状语：It was at the railway station that I met Li Ming yesterday.强调时间状语：It was yesterday that I met Li Ming at the railway station. (2) 一般疑问句的强调句型：同上，只是把is/ was提到it前面。e.g. Was it yesterday that he met my old friend
33、? (3) 特殊疑问句的强调句型：被强调部分（通常是疑问代词或疑问副词）+ is/ was + it + that/ who + 其它部分？e.g. When was it that you were born?我们需要注意的是：第一、构成强调句的it本身没有词义；强调句中的连接词一般只用that, who，即使在强调时间状语和地点状语时也如此，that, who不可省略。第二、Its .that/who.的强调句型只是为了强调某一成分，而不充当成分。所以它和It作形式主语，真正的主语从句后置的情况有所不同。我们一起看下面两个例句:1.Its necessary that we should
34、learn English.(主语从句)2.Its not until he got off the bus that he realized his money was stolen.(强调句型)解析：因为强调句型中的Its.that/who.在句子中不充当任何成分。所以去掉后句子依然完整。例子2去掉Its.that/who.后就成了until he got off the bus he realized his money was stolen. 而例子1去掉后句子则不完整。(4) not until 句型的强调句1、句型为：It is/ was not until + 被强调部分 + that + 其它部分e.g. 普通句：He didnt go to bed until/ till his son came back.