《英语专四词汇辨析(18页).doc》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《英语专四词汇辨析(18页).doc(17页珍藏版)》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、-英语专四词汇辨析-第 17 页anger, indignation, fury, wrath这些名词均含“愤怒”之意。1.anger :普通用词,通常指因受到侮辱、损害、指责或顶撞等而引起的愤怒。例如:She is swift to anger. (她爱生气。) He is quivering with anger. (他气得全身发抖。)2.indignation :较正式用词,指出于正义或对不公正之事而发出的愤怒。例如:The news aroused the great indignation. (这消息激起了极大的愤慨。)3.fury :语气最强,指极端的气愤,甚至达到发疯的程度。例如
2、:He flew into a fury and said that the whole thing was disgusting.(他勃然大怒,说这一切令人作呕。)4.wrath :文学用词,含义与anger相近,但语气强,含欲加惩罚或报复的意味。例如:His silence marked his wrath.(他的沉默表明了他的愤怒。)这些动词均有“任命,委派”之意。1.appoint :通常指不经过选择的官方委任。例如:He was appointed secretary.(他被任命为秘书。)2.designate :书面用语,侧重当权者或机构的选拔或任命,有时含强行指定的意味。例如:T
3、he chairman has designated her as his successor. (主席已指定她作为他的接班人。)3.assign :常指给一群人或个人分配、分派、指派或委派任务。例如:The captain assigned two soldiers to guard the gate.(上尉派了两个士兵守大门。)4.name :普通用词,着重任命的结果,而不是过程。例如:The President named him to be Secretary of State.(总统任命他为国务卿。)5.nominate :通常指为某一公职选择候选人,并将其提交给有决定权的人作最后决
4、定。例如:I nominate Bill as the club president.(我提名比尔为俱乐部主席候选人。)apparent, obvious, evident, clear, plain, distinct, definite, manifest这些形容词均含“清楚的,明白的,明显的”之意。1.apparent :强调显而易见或一想便知。这个词从动词appear派生而来,故有时含有表面如此而事实上未必的意味。例句:The apparent truth was really a lie.(表面上看似实话,实际上是个谎言。)2.obvious :语气较强,指极为明显,有目共睹,无需说
5、明和论证。例句:You shouldnt tell such obvious lies.(你不该说如此明显的谎话。)3.evident :指根据事实成为显然的。例句:This fact is too evident to require proof.(这事实很明显,用不着证明。)4.clear :普通用词,侧重清楚明白。例句:He gave us a very clear explanation.(他给我们做了非常清楚的解释。)5.plain :普通用词,含义与clear很接近,可通用,但plain着重简单明了,不复杂。例句:The plain truth is that he doesnt
6、like you.(说白了,他不喜欢你。)6.distinct :较正式用词,指轮廓的清楚或定义、含义的明确,不会弄错。例句:There is a distinct improvement in your spoken English.(你的英语口语有明显的进步。)7.definite :语气肯定,着重明白无误,无可怀疑。例句:We demand a definite answer.(我们要求明确的答案。)8.manifest :语义较强,书面用词,强调一目了然,暗示不要任何推论就一清二楚。例句:It was their manifest failure to modernize the co
7、untrys industries.(他们使国家进行工业现代化,明显失败了。)apparatus, instrument, device, equipment, tool, implement, appliance, facilities这些名词均有“仪器、设备、器械、器具”之意。1.apparatus :既可指某种具体的由许多不同零件构成的复杂的仪器、装置或器械,又可指它们的总称。The astronauts have special breathing apparatus. (宇航员有特殊的呼吸装置。)2.instrument :通常指能使人们完成某一精确动作或测量的一种小型仪器,尤指电工
8、仪表、测量装置,航海或航空用的控制装置。Thanks for the accurate instrument, which helps the sailors to avoid the submerged reef.(多亏了这个精密仪器才使得水手们避开了暗礁。)3.device :多指为某一特殊用途或解决某一特定机械问题而设计或改装的精巧的仪器或装置。A computer is a device for processing information. (电脑是用来处理信息的。)4.equipment :多指成套的或重型的设备或装备。通常用作不可数名词。We must fit the exped
9、ition out with the best equipment. (我们必须向探险队提供最好的装备。)5. tool :一般指进行特种工作的手工工具,也可指人造使用动力的工具,还可作引申用。I have a complete set of carpenters tools. (我有全套的木工工具。)The king was just the tool of the military government. (国王只是军政府的一个傀儡。)(引申)6.implement :原指史前人类所用的工具,现在多指农用工具,也可指为实现某个任务所需的工具或器具。The best implement fo
10、r digging a garden is a spade.(在花园里挖土的最好工具是铁锹。)7.appliance :侧重指家用机器或设备,尤指家用电器。Dish washer is one of the appliances. (洗碗机是家用电器的一种。)8.facilities :常用复数形式,指可供使用的设备或设施。Facilities to the humans needs and other delicate cares in the station reflect the thorough care from the Metro.(在车站的各种人性化设施和体贴入微的小细节,都反映
11、出了政府无微不至的关怀。)anything but, nothing but, all but, none but这些短语均由代词加前置词but(除开)构成,但含义各不相同。1.anything but :(=not at all, by no means, never)表示“决不,根本不”。例如:She is anything but a beauty.(她一点也不漂亮。)2.nothing but :(=only)表示“只不过,除了以外什么也没有”。例如:They did nothing but complain.(他们只知道抱怨。)3.all but :(=almost, nearly)
12、表示“几乎,差一点”。例如:She all but fainted when she heard the news.(听到那消息,她差点晕过去。)4.none but :(=no one except)表示“只有;除外谁也不”。例如:None but my mother fully understands my condition.(最了解我的情况的人不是别人正是我的母亲。)answer, reply, respond, retort这些动词均有“回答”之意。1.answer :常用词,指用书面、口头或行动对他人的请求、询问、质问等作出回答或反应。例如:In answer to these q
13、uestions I either nodded or made strange noises.(在回答这些问题的过程中,我要么就点头,要么就发出奇怪的叫声。)2.reply :较正式用词,较少用于口语。侧重经过考虑的较正式答复。例如:The officer replied the guards salute by a nod.(那位军官点一点头以回答卫兵的敬礼。)3.respond :正式用词,指即刻的,以口头或行动对外来的号召、请求或刺激等作出回答或响应或回应。例如:I struck him a crack and he responded with a kick.(我啪的打了他一下,他踢
14、回了一脚。)4.retort :指对不同意见、批评或控诉作出迅速、有力的回答,即“反驳”。例如:He retorted the invective on her.(他用恶言讽刺还击她。)anxiety, worry, care, concern这些名词均含“焦虑、关心”之意。1.anxiety :指对预料中的不祥之事的焦虑。例如:Theres a lot of anxiety among the staff about possible job losses.(工作人员都很忧虑,担心可能失业。)2.worry :侧重对未知事态演变的忧虑。例如:She is always worrying ab
15、out little things.她老是为小事烦恼。3.care :强调因出于责任感或顾虑等而产生的不安。例如:The captain cares the safety of both the crew and the passengers.(船长为船员和旅客们的安全操心。)4.concern :作“关心”用时,是indifference(冷漠)的反义词,侧重对他人健康、安全等的关心,也可暗示对困难、危险或失败等的忧虑。例如:Our losses are beginning to concern me.(我们的损失使我担心起来。)anxious, eager, keen这些形容词均有“急切的
16、,渴望的”之意。1.anxious :强调因忧虑、关注或害怕而产生的急切心情。例如:They are really anxious for peace.(他们确实渴望和平。)2.eager :侧重于急于成功的迫切心情。例如:He was eager after knowledge.(他渴求知识。)3.keen :强调因兴趣强烈或欲望而急于做某事。例如:The boy is keen to go to sea.(这孩子很想去航海。)announce, declare, proclaim, pronounce, advertise, broadcast, publish这些动词均含“宣布,公开”之
17、意。1.announce :多指首次宣布大家感兴趣或可满足大家好奇心的事情。例如:They announced that a cold wave would come soon. 他们报告说不久寒流就要来。2.declare :侧重正式就某事清楚明白地宣布。例如:He declared that the meeting has been postponed.(他宣布会议已延期了。)3.proclaim :指官方宣布重大事件或施政方针,语体比announce正式。例如:The government has proclaimed a new law.(政府已公布了一项新法令。)4.pronounc
18、e :词义与announce,declare接近,但较多用于指法律判决方面的宣布。例如:Has judgment been pronounced yet? (判决宣布了吗?)5.advertise :指通过文字和图像资料等的反复宣传而引起公众的注意,有时隐含令人不快或言过其实的意味。例如:It is unwise of them to advertise their willingness to make concessions at the negotiations.(他们宣扬愿意在谈判中让步, 这是不明智的。)6.broadcast :专指利用广播或电视传播消息或发表见解。例如:The r
19、adio broadcast the news in detail.(无线电台详细地广播了那则消息。)7.publish :专指通过报刊或其它媒介向公众公布事情。例如:The only daily newspaper in the city did not publish yesterday because of a strike.(昨天市内惟一的日报因罢工而没出版。)almost, nearly, about, approximately, roughly这些副词均有“大约,差不多”之意。1.almost :指在程度上相差很小,差不多。例如:In his blind haste he alm
20、ost ran into the river.他匆匆忙忙地几乎跑到河里去了。(nearly与almost含义基本相同,侧重指数量、时间或空间上的接近。)例如:The ball struck him so hard that he nearly fell into the water.那球重重地打在他身上,他几乎掉下水去。2.about :常可分almost和nearly换用,但about用于表示时间、数量的“大约”时,实际数量可能多也可能少。例如:She died about two years ago.她大约在两年前就死了。3.approximately :多用于书面语,指精确度接近某个标准
21、以致误差可忽略不计。例如:this is just an approximate figure.这仅是个大概数字。4.roughly :指按精略估计,常代替about。例如:He roughly outlined the plot of the opera.他粗略地概述了歌剧的情节。aim, goal, purpose, end, target, object这些名词均有“目标、目的”之意。1.aim :从本义“靶子”引申而来,侧重比较具体而明确的目标,但常指短期目标。例如:You aim too low. (你志向太低。)2.goal :指经过考虑和选择,需经坚持不懈的努力奋斗才能达到的最终
22、目标。例如:When he at last arrived in Rome he felt he had reached his goal.(当他终于抵达罗马时, 他感到自己已达到了目的。)3.purpose :普通用词,既指以坚决、审慎的行动去达到的目的,又指心中渴望要实际的目标。例如:He returned to his homeland with the purpose of serving his own people.(他返回祖国, 意在为祖国人民服务。)4.end :指心目中怀着的某种目的,强调结果而非过程。较正式用词。例如:Do the ends justify the mean
23、s?(只要目的正当就可以不择手段吗?)5.target :指射击的靶,军事攻击目标。引申指被攻击、批评或潮笑的目标。例如:Whats the target readership of this paper? (这份报纸以哪些人为读者对象?)6.object :强调个人或需求而决定的目标、目的。例如:Our object is to get at the truth. (我们的目的是弄清事实真相。)agreement, contract, treaty, convention, understanding, accord这些名词均含“协定,协议,契约,合同”之意。1.agreement :普通用
24、词,含义最确定,泛指个人、团体或国家之间取得一致而达成的任何协议、协定或合同、契约等,可以是口头的,也可以是书面的。例如:A signed agreement is not susceptible of change.(已签署的协议不可再改动。)2.contract :侧重指双方或多方订立的具有法律效力的正式的书面合同或契约。例如:Once you have reached formal agreement, you should enter into a contract with the other party.(你一旦达成正式协议, 就应该和对方签订合同。)3.treaty :指国家之间
25、经外交谈判后依照国际法签订的正式条约。例如:They signed a treaty to settle all border disputes by arbitration.(他们通过仲裁签订了解决所有边境争端的条约。)4.convention :比treaty更专门化,但不及treaty正式。也可指国家之间就有关事情签订的条约。例如:Japan has signed a convention of peace with a neighbouring country.(日本已与邻国签署一项和平协定。)5.understanding :指不具约束力的非正式的协议。例如:We have reac
26、hed an understanding with them.(我们和他们达成了协议。)6.accord :多指国际间的非正式协议。例如:The government expected a temporary accord with the Opposition before the end of the year.(政府期望年底以前和反对党达成临时协议。)agony, anguish, torment, torture, grief, misery, distress, sorrow这些名词均有“苦恼、痛苦”之意。1.agony :侧重指精神或身体痛苦的剧烈程度。例如:He lay in a
27、gony until the doctor arrived.(在医生来到之前, 他一直非常痛苦地躺在那里。) I was in an agony of doubt.(我疑虑不安, 十分痛苦。)2.anguish :指精神方面令人难以忍受的极度痛苦;用于身体时,多指局部或暂时的痛苦。例如:She cried out for anguish at parting.(分手时, 她由于痛苦而失声大哭。)3.torment :强调烦恼或痛苦的长期性。例如:He has never suffered the torment of rejection.(他从未经受过遭人拒绝的痛苦。)4.torture :语
28、气比torment强,指在精神或肉体上受到的折磨所产生的痛苦。例如:She suffered tortures from a toothache.(她受着牙痛的折磨。)5.grief :指由某种特殊处境或原因造成的强烈的感情上的苦恼与悲痛。例如:Her death was a real grief.(她的去世实在令人痛心。)6.misery :着重痛苦的可悲状态,多含不幸、可怜或悲哀的意味。例如:Im suffering the miseries of unemployment.(我正为失业而痛苦。)7.distress :多指因思想上的压力紧张、恐惧、忧虑等所引起的精神上的痛苦,也可指某种灾
29、难带来的痛苦。例如:Nothing could alleviate his distress.(什么都不能减轻他的痛苦。)8.sorrow :语气比grief弱,指因不幸、损失或失望等所产生的悲伤。例如:I must convert sorrow into strength.(我要化悲痛为力量。)aggression, invasion, assault, attack这些名词均有“进攻、侵略”之意。1.aggression :词义宽泛,既可指武装入侵别国领土,又可指文化、经济等方面的侵略。侧重敌意行动和征服的企图。Only the united struggles of the people
30、 of the world can check aggression and save peace.(只有全世界人民的团结斗争能制止侵略, 挽救和平。)Such aids amount to economic aggression.(这种援助其实是经济侵略。)小编语:“amount to”是“意味着,共计,发展成”的意思,童鞋们写作文时不妨用一下它来表达“意味着”吧2.invasion :多指具体的侵入或侵犯别国领土,也可用于指抽象事件。The invasion of tourists brought life to the summer resort.(大批游客涌入, 使这个避暑胜地热闹起来
31、。)3.assault :主要指突然而猛烈的进攻。They responded with assaults against the enemys bases.(他们向敌人阵地发起反攻。)4.attack :普通用词,含义广,指事先不发警告,主动地向对方发起武力进攻或对言论等进行抨击。They knew when to attack and when to retreat.(他们知道什么时候进攻和什么时候撤退。)afraid, fearful, awful, dreadful, frightful, terrible, horrible, terrific, appalling这些形容词均含“害
32、怕的、可怕的”之意。1. afraid :指由于胆小或怯懦而不敢说或做某事。I am afraid I cant help you(恐怕我帮不了你。)2. fearful :普通用词,既指外界情况变化而引起的恐惧,又指来自内心的害怕与焦虑。I have ever witnessed a fearful accident.(我曾目睹一场可怕的事故。)3. awful :指威严得令人害怕或敬畏,有一定的感情色彩。The weather is awful today.(今天天气坏透了。)4. dreadful :指使人非常恐惧,毛骨悚然,也使人感到讨厌而退缩。He told me a dreadfu
33、l story.(他给我讲了一个可怕的故事。)5. frightful :指使人陷入短暂的惊恐或产生毛骨悚然的感觉。It was with the greatest difficulty that the boy gathered the strength to speak, but spoke with a frightful emphasis.(那个男孩艰难地、费了很大力气说出话来,然而他吐字有力,使人惊惧。)6. terrible :侧重指给人以长久的惊骇,极端的恐怖,令人难以忍受。The little boy is playing the terrible game.(那小男孩正在玩恐
34、怖的游戏。)7. horrible :指因骇人听闻的丑恶而令人毛骨悚然,着重厌恶的成分多于害怕。The decision they made was horrible.(他们做出的决定令人感到恐怖。)8. terrific :多指外表、形状或力量等的可怕。This movie relates that a hero defeats a monster with a terrific figure by himself.(这部电影讲述的是一位英雄独自打败一个外形可怕的怪兽的故事。)小编语:偶觉得terrific这个词还是用“极好的,非常棒的”比较多一点9. appalling :指既令害怕又使人
35、惊异、胆寒。The Halloween masks are very appalling.(万圣节的面具可真够吓人的。)affair, business, matter, concern, thing这些名词均含“事情”之意。1. affair :含义较广,侧重指已发生或必须去做的任何事情或事务。复数形式多指重大或较复杂的事务。例句:The exhibition will be a big affair.这次展出将是一个盛举。2. business :通常指较重要或较难而又必须承担的事情,也可指商事。例句:A teachers business is to help children lear
36、n.教师的本分是帮助孩子学习。3. matter :普通用词,着重指一件考虑中的或需要处理的事。例句:This is a matter I know little about.这件事我不太知道。4. concern :往往强调与个人或团体利害有直接或重大关系的事。例句:The most important concern for our company is to arrange the conference with our foreign investors.我公司最重要事宜是安排同外商的会谈。5. thing :用作“事情”解时,词义较笼统、含糊,多用于指不很具体的事。例句:This i
37、s a miraculous thing.这真是奇怪的事。advice, opinion, proposal, suggestion, recommendation, view这些名词均含“意见、建议”之意。1. advice :普通用词,侧重依据个人经验、学识和正确判断而提出的忠言。eg: Good advice is beyond price.(忠告好, 无价宝。)2. opinion :日常用词,泛指对某事物的想法和意见。eg: I dont wish todebate my opinions with you.(我不想就我的看法同你辩论。)3. proposal :指正式提出来供研究、
38、采纳或实行的建议。eg:They presented concreteproposals for improvement.(他们提出了具体的改进建议。)4. suggestion :普通用词,语气比advice婉转客气,也不如proposal正式。着重为改进工作、解决困难等提出的建议,有时含所提建议不一定正确,仅供参考的意味。eg:He made the suggestion that the political prisoners (should) be set free.(他提议释放政治犯。)5. recommendation :指在自己经历的基础上而提出的有益建议、意见或忠告。eg:Th
39、e government has agreed to implement the recommendation in the report.(政府已同意实施报告中的建议。)6. view :侧重指对重大的或引起公众关注的问题所持的看法和态度。eg:I take the view that we should put less money into nuclear weapons.(我认为我们应该在核武器上少花钱。)adequate, enough, sufficient这些形容词均含“足够的,充足的”之意。1. adequate :指数量上足够,质量上适当。eg:There was adequ
40、ate rain and snow last winter.(去年冬天雨雪充足。)2. enough :最普通用词,口语、书面语可用,较侧重分量或数量的足够,多指希望的满足。eg:Is 100 enough for all your expenses?(100英镑够你全部的花销吗?)3. sufficient :正式用词,侧重数目或数量或程度达到某一特定要求或需要。eg:1.We have gained sufficient experience totackle this problem.(我们已经有了足够的经验来处理这个问题。) 2.His income is sufficient for
41、 his needs.(他的收入能满足他的需要。)adult, grown-up, mature这些形容词均有“成年的,成熟的”之意。1. adult :一般指生理上的童年期已结束,达到法定年龄。eg:He is adult in behavior.(从行为上看, 他已成熟了。)2. grown-up :多用于口语,含义与adult基本相同,但更侧重脱离儿童阶段,已成大人,与childish意思相反。eg:1.He felt grown-up, puffed up with self-importance.(他觉得长大了,便自以为了不起。) 2.She has a grown-up daugh
42、ter who lives abroad.(她有一个已经长大成人的女儿,在海外生活。)3. mature :用于生物时,指完全长好了。用于人时,指达到了生命的黄金时期,但所暗示的青少年和成年之间的界限不明显。eg:1.This is a dress shop for mature women.(这是一家成年妇女服装店。) 2.The newambassador is more mature than his predecessor.(新大使比他的前任更成熟一些。)advance, progress, proceed, move on, go这些动词均含“前进,行进,进展”之意。1. advan
43、ce :主要用于具体的人或物,也可指科学技术和运动等。eg: I signed to him to keep away, but he continued to advance.(我示意他离开, 但他还是继续往前走。) She advanced greatly in her knowledge.(她在学识上大有长进。)2. progress :指按某一既定目标前进,取得发展,目的性很明确,强调经常和稳定地前进。eg: Our progress was embarrassed by lots of baggage.(大量的行李使我们行进困难。) During these years the la
44、bour movement of the United States has made great progress.(这些年来, 美国的工人运动已取得巨大的进展。)3. proceed :侧重指继续前进。eg: They will proceed to build another laboratory building.(他们将着手建造另一座实验大楼。) The trial is proceeding.(审问正在进行。)4. move on :非正式用语,侧重从某一停止点向某地前进,但不表示前进的目的地。eg: We talked about these for a while and th
45、en moved on to another house.(我们谈了一会儿之后, 就前往另一家去了。)5. go :最常用词,含义宽泛而不确切,依上文确定其具体意思。eg: Everything went pretty smoothly.(一切进展相当顺利。)acknowledge, admit, confess, recognize, concede这些动词均含“承认”之意。1)acknowledge :通常指公开承认某事的真实情况或自己的过错。eg: He grudgingly acknowledged having made a mistake.(他勉强承认他做错了。)2)admit :
46、强调因外力或良心驱使或经判断而明确承认,多含不情愿或被迫意味。eg: She admitted having done wrong.(她承认自己做错了。)3)confess :语气较强,着重承认自己意识到的错误或罪行,含坦白忏悔的意味。eg: 1.He confessed where he had hidden the money.(他供出了他藏钱的地方。) 2.He confessed himself out of contact with the times.(他承认自己与时代脱节。)4)recognize :作“承认”解时,系书面用词,主要指合法的或外交上的承认,也指公认。eg: We dont recognized him to be the lawful heir.(我们不承认他为合法继承人。)5)concede :指在事实与证据面前勉强或不得不承认。eg: I conceded that I had made a mistake.(我承认我犯了一个错误。)