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1、-美赛论文模板(强烈推荐)-第 3 页TitileSummaryDuring cell division, mitotic spindles are assembled by microtubule-based motor proteins1, 2. The bipolar organization of spindles is essential for proper segregation of chromosomes, and requires plus-end-directed homotetrameric motor proteins of the widely conserved
2、kinesin-5 (BimC) family3. Hypotheses for bipolar spindle formation include the pushpull mitotic muscle model, in which kinesin-5 and opposing motor proteins act between overlapping microtubules2, 4, 5. However, the precise roles of kinesin-5 during this process are unknown. Here we show that the ver
3、tebrate kinesin-5 Eg5 drives the sliding of microtubules depending on their relative orientation. We found in controlled in vitro assays that Eg5 has the remarkable capability of simultaneously moving at 20 nm s-1 towards the plus-ends of each of the two microtubules it crosslinks. For anti-parallel
4、 microtubules, this results in relative sliding at 40 nm s-1, comparable to spindle pole separation rates in vivo6. Furthermore, we found that Eg5 can tether microtubule plus-ends, suggesting an additional microtubule-binding mode for Eg5. Our results demonstrate how members of the kinesin-5 family
5、are likely to function in mitosis, pushing apart interpolar microtubules as well as recruiting microtubules into bundles that are subsequently polarized by relative sliding. We anticipate our assay to be a starting point for more sophisticated in vitro models of mitotic spindles. For example, the in
6、dividual and combined action of multiple mitotic motors could be tested, including minus-end-directed motors opposing Eg5 motility. Furthermore, Eg5 inhibition is a major target of anti-cancer drug development, and a well-defined and quantitative assay for motor function will be relevant for such de
7、velopmentsContentTitile1Summary11Introduction1Restatement of the Problem1Background1Common Solving Technique1Previous Works1Example12Analysis of the Problem1Outline of the Approach1Basic Assumptions1Definitions and Key Terms13Calculating and Simplifying the Model14The Model Results15Validating the M
8、odel16Strengths and Weaknesses1Strengths1Weaknesses17Food for Thought18Conclusion1References1Appendices1Appendix A Source Code1Appendix B11 Introduction1.1 Restatement of the Problem1.2 Background1.1.1 Common Solving Technique1.1.2 Previous Works1.3 Example2 Analysis of the Problem2.1 Outline of the
9、 Approach2.2 Basic Assumptions2.3 Definitions and Key TermsTable 1.SymbolMeaningUnit3 Calculating and Simplifying the Model4 The Model Results5 Validating the Model6 Strengths and Weaknesses6.1 Strengths6.2 Weaknesses7 Food for Thought8 ConclusionReferencesAppendicesAppendix A Source CodeHere are the simulation programmes we used in our model as follow.Input matlab source: Appendix B Input C+ source：