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1、Unit 1How can we become good learners?He learns English by reading the textbook.He learns English by making vocabulary lists.He learns English by listening to tapes.He learns English by asking the teacher for help.He learns English by watching TV.She learns English by practicing with foreignersHow d
2、o you learn English? I learn by studying with a group.Do you learn English by reading aloud? Yes, I do. It helps my pronunciation.How can I read faster? You can read faster by reading word groups.How can I improve my pronunciation? One way is by listening to tapes.Grammar Focus4a Match the questions
3、 and answers.1. How do you practice speaking? 2. How do you learn new words? 3. How do you improve your writing? 4. How do you practice listening? 5. How do you improve your pronunciation?6. How do you learn grammar? a. By watching English programs.b. By listening to a tape and repeating out loud.c.
4、 By having conversations with friends.d. By taking notes, doing exercises and reading a lot.e. By making word cards.f. By writing e-mails to my pen pals.1. c 2. e 3. f 4. a 5. b 6. d4b Make sentences using the structure “do sth. by doing” with the subjects in the box and information that is true for
5、 you.math physics chemistry Chinese history geographye.g. I usually practice my English by taking notes/ speaking English with my classmates / memorizing sentence patterns.Complete these statements. Use information that is true for you.a.I like to practice my English by taking notes / reading books
6、and newspapers / speaking English with my classmates / memorizing sentence patterns.b. I like to learn math by_ _.c.I like to practice my physics by_ _.d. I like to improve my chemistry by_ _ .e. I like to practice my Chinese by_ _.f. I like to improve my history and geography by_ _ 4c Check () what
7、 you do to learn English. Then interview your partner.A: Do you learn English by doing grammar exercises?B: Yes, I do.A: How often do you do them?B: .I learn English My partner learns by English by doing grammar exercises.Yes nohow often Yes No how oftentaking notes in English.reading English books/
8、magazines.writing in an English diary.using an English dictionary. every day every week1. She learns English _ _. 根据所给图示用适当的词汇完成句子。根据所给图示用适当的词汇完成句子。English-language TV by watching2. She learns English _ _. by reading thetextbook3. They learn English _ _. by asking theteacher for help4. She learns En
9、glish _ _. musicmusicby enjoyingEnglish songs Structure How do you do something? we they We sth. do (sth.) by They doing.OAdvPSHow does he do something? she it He sth. She does (sth.) by It doing.how 引导特殊疑问句有两种含义引导特殊疑问句有两种含义1）表示问候，无须准确回答。）表示问候，无须准确回答。eg. How do you do? How are you? How is everything
10、 going?2）表示）表示“怎样怎样”。“how” 的用法的用法 eg. - How is your new house? - Its great. - 你的新房子怎么样？你的新房子怎么样？- 它太棒了。它太棒了。 - How do you learn English? 你是怎样学习英语的？你是怎样学习英语的？ - I learn English by reading lots of English magazines. 我通过读大量英文杂志学习英文。我通过读大量英文杂志学习英文。 注意注意how和和what引导的疑问句是不引导的疑问句是不 一样的一样的, 不能混淆。不能混淆。 how通常对
11、程度或方式进行提问通常对程度或方式进行提问, 意意为为“怎么样怎么样”, 回答通常做状语或表语。回答通常做状语或表语。 what常对动作的发出者或接受者进常对动作的发出者或接受者进行提问行提问, 意为意为“什么什么”, 回答通常做主语或回答通常做主语或 宾语。宾语。 比较：比较： 1. How is your summer holiday? It is perfect. (表示程度表示程度, 做表语做表语) 2. How did you travel around the world? I traveled by bike. (表方式表方式, 做状语做状语) 3. What do you le
12、arn at school? I learn Chinese, English and other subjects. (做宾语做宾语)by是英语中比较活跃的一个词。是英语中比较活跃的一个词。by既既可作介词也可用作副词。它词义多，可作介词也可用作副词。它词义多，用法广泛。用法广泛。 One may miss the mark by aiming too high as too low. Thomas Fuller 一个目标过高和过低都会偏离靶心。一个目标过高和过低都会偏离靶心。 一、一、by+地点名词地点名词。 表方位，意为：表方位，意为：“在在旁边旁边”。 by the lake/rive
13、r/tree/window/door等。等。 有时可表有时可表:“从从旁经过旁经过”,多与动词多与动词go / walk / pass等连用等连用二、二、by+时间名词时间名词。意为：意为：“到到时（已发生某事），时（已发生某事），此时谓此时谓语多用语多用完成时完成时；最晚、不迟于最晚、不迟于，在，在之之前前”。By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed.三、三、by+名词。名词。1）可用来表可用来表方法、方式、手段方法、方式、手段Cleaning women in big cities usually g
14、et paid by the hour.城市里的女清洁工通常按小时获得报酬。城市里的女清洁工通常按小时获得报酬。2） by+交通工具、交通方式名词交通工具、交通方式名词by train /taxi/bus/truck/bike/boat/plane; by land/road/sea/water/air3）by+抽象名词抽象名词I made a coat with my own hands. It was made by hand, not by machine. 我用双手织了一件外套。它是用手工织的，我用双手织了一件外套。它是用手工织的，而不是机器织的。而不是机器织的。4） by+数量词数量
15、词With production up by 60, the company has had another excellent year.产量上升了百分之六十，这家公司今年的业产量上升了百分之六十，这家公司今年的业绩极好。绩极好。5）by+身体部位名词或衣服名词身体部位名词或衣服名词。表示被抓住身体表示被抓住身体/衣物的某一部分，常与动词衣物的某一部分，常与动词catch / seize / take / hold / grab等连用等连用The soldier grabbed the child by the collar.那个士兵揪住了孩子的衣领。那个士兵揪住了孩子的衣领。四、四、 by
16、+动词动词 v-ing意为意为：“通过通过，靠，靠，凭，凭”。He gained his wealth by printing works of famous writers他通过印刷著名作家的作品而获得了巨大的他通过印刷著名作家的作品而获得了巨大的财富。财富。He earned his living by fishing.父母可以通过多跟孩子沟通来更了解他们的父母可以通过多跟孩子沟通来更了解他们的孩子。孩子。五、五、 by的常见短语：的常见短语：by means of / by way of / by the way/one by one / step by step / side by s
17、ide/shoulder by shoulder/by oneself / learn/bearby heart /what do you mean by ？The homework was assigned by the teacher. 这些家庭作业是老师布置的。这些家庭作业是老师布置的。 They crossed the river by ferry. 他们乘渡船过了河。他们乘渡船过了河。 Ellen flew to Chicago by way of St. Paul. 艾伦经由圣保罗飞往芝加哥。艾伦经由圣保罗飞往芝加哥。I havent got any money by me. 我身
18、上没有带钱。我身上没有带钱。 试着翻译下面的英文，注意单词试着翻译下面的英文，注意单词by的用法。的用法。被被, 由由靠靠, 用用, 通过通过经由经由, 沿沿在在旁边旁边, 在在手边手边We had to get there by evening. 我们必须在夜晚前抵达那里。我们必须在夜晚前抵达那里。 How do you know he didnt act by the rules? 你怎么知道他没有按规定行事你怎么知道他没有按规定行事? He missed the bus by three minutes. 他晚了三分钟没赶上那班公车。他晚了三分钟没赶上那班公车。 Nine divided
19、 by three makes three. 九除以三得三。九除以三得三。 Youll be paid by the hour. 你的工资将按时计酬。你的工资将按时计酬。 在在之前之前根据根据, 按照按照相差相差用用(乘或除乘或除)以以计计, 按按He had to sleep by day and work by night. 他只好白天睡觉他只好白天睡觉, 晚上工作。晚上工作。 Philip is a doctor by profession. 菲利浦的职业是医生。菲利浦的职业是医生。 The teacher explained the text sentence by sentence.
20、 教师逐句讲解了这篇课文。教师逐句讲解了这篇课文。 She took my umbrella by mistake. 她误拿了我的伞。她误拿了我的伞。 (表连续或反复表连续或反复)逐个逐个; 逐批逐批由于由于在在的时候的时候就就来说来说, 关于关于副词副词 ad. A truck went by. 一辆卡车开过。一辆卡车开过。 When I filled out the form she was standing by all the time. 我填写表格时我填写表格时, 她一直站在我身旁。她一直站在我身旁。 They put money by for later use. 他们储存钱以备将
21、来使用。他们储存钱以备将来使用。 经过经过; 过去过去在旁边在旁边(放放)在一边在一边根据提示，用含有根据提示，用含有by的短语完成下列各题：的短语完成下列各题： 1. Come and sit _（我旁边）（我旁边） 2. _（到上星期日）（到上星期日） I had finished the book 3. She came home _（乘飞机）（乘飞机） 4. Did you make the desk _(独自）独自）?5_（顺便问下）（顺便问下）, how many people are there in your family? by meBy last Sundayby plan
22、eby yourselfBy the way6. It has been turned into water_ （受热）（受热） 7_（不久以后）（不久以后）, more and more people began to study English.8. The Great Wall was built_ (用手用手)9. Then _(逐渐地逐渐地) the smoke grew heavier and thicker until finally it turned into a terrible Genie 10. If your son feels well enough to watc
23、h TV_（到那时）（到那时）, hell be fine after the gameby the heatBy and byby handlittle by littleby then根据要求完成句子，每空一词。根据要求完成句子，每空一词。1. My brother usually studies English by working with friends. (对画线部分提问对画线部分提问) _ _ your brother usually study English?2. This boy isnt old enough to do this job. (改为同义句改为同义句) Th
24、is boy is _ _ _ do this job.too young to How does3. Cindy and her sister dance differently. (改为同义句改为同义句) Cindy and her sister dance _ _ ways. 4. The best way of learning new words is by reading English magazines. (改为同义句改为同义句) The best way _ _ new words is by reading English magazines.differentinto l
25、earn汉译英。汉译英。1. 我说英语的时候根本不怕犯错误。我说英语的时候根本不怕犯错误。2. 最糟糕的是他没带钥匙就把门锁上了。最糟糕的是他没带钥匙就把门锁上了。Im not afraid of making mistakes at all when I speak English.Worst of all, he locked the door without taking the key.3. 最好的减肥方法就是少吃多运动。最好的减肥方法就是少吃多运动。4. 离开教室前别忘了关灯关窗。离开教室前别忘了关灯关窗。Dont forget to turn off the lights and
26、close the windows before you leave the classroom.The best way of losing weight is to eat less and do more exercise.5. - 我没有同伴可以练习英语。我没有同伴可以练习英语。 - 或许，你应该参加一个英语俱乐部。或许，你应该参加一个英语俱乐部。 6. 大声朗读来练习发音怎么样？大声朗读来练习发音怎么样？7. 你为什么不参加一个英语俱乐部呢？你为什么不参加一个英语俱乐部呢？ Why dont you join an English language club? - I dont have a partner to practice English with. - Maybe you should join an English club. What about reading aloud to practice pronunciation? Make a survey and fill in the chart. Write a passage.Sample:namewaysSASB SCSpeaking Watching moviesStudying grammarHomework