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1、Unit 4I used to be afraid of the dark. 反义疑问句用法歌诀反义疑问句用法歌诀反义问句要点三，前后谓语正相反；反义问句要点三，前后谓语正相反；附加问句附加问句not现，必须缩写是习惯；现，必须缩写是习惯；最后一点应注意，问句主语代词填。最后一点应注意，问句主语代词填。 反义疑问句的回答：反义疑问句的回答：1)回答反义疑问句和回答其他一般疑问句的回答反义疑问句和回答其他一般疑问句的 结构一样。结构一样。如果答语是如果答语是肯定肯定的，用的，用“Yes +肯定结构肯定结构”如果答语是如果答语是否定否定的，用的，用“No +肯定结构肯定结构”I used to b
2、e afraid of snakes. But now Im not afraid of them. How about you?b. being aloned. flying in an airplanee. big dogs1. Candy told me that she used to be really shy and took up singing to deal with her shyness.坎迪坎迪告诉她过去真的很羞涩，开始唱歌是为了告诉她过去真的很羞涩，开始唱歌是为了克服自己的羞涩。克服自己的羞涩。（1）take up 此处意为此处意为“开始从事开始从事” He drop
3、ped medicine and took up physics. 他放弃医学，开始学物理。他放弃医学，开始学物理。take up的其他用法：的其他用法：1）“占用占用” The table takes up too much room.2）“继续继续” We took up our journey the next day. Language points（2）deal with 相当于相当于do with, 意为意为“对付；处理对付；处理 How did you deal with the milk? 你是怎么处理那些牛奶的？你是怎么处理那些牛奶的？ He has learnt to de
4、al with all kinds of difficulties.1)do with 与与deal with 两者都可以用来表示两者都可以用来表示“处处理理”do 侧重于对象侧重于对象，deal 侧重于方式方法侧重于方式方法。在。在特殊问句中，特殊问句中，do with 与与what 连用，连用，deal with 则与则与How 连用。连用。 I dont know how they deal with the problem.= I dont know what they do with the problem.2) 动词不定式短语动词不定式短语 to deal with 后必须带宾语后
5、必须带宾语。 I dont know how to deal with it. 我不知道如何处理这件事。我不知道如何处理这件事。（3）shyness 名词，意为名词，意为“害羞；腼腆害羞；腼腆”是形是形容词容词shy 加后缀加后缀-ness 构成的名词构成的名词。 He cant get over his shyness.拓展：拓展：sad - sadness happy- happiness ill - illness kind - kindness 2. As she got better, she dared to sing in front of her class, and then
6、 for the whole school. 随着随着情况的好转，她敢在全班面前唱歌了，情况的好转，她敢在全班面前唱歌了，后来敢为全校的人唱歌了。后来敢为全校的人唱歌了。( l )dare 此处用作此处用作及物动词及物动词，意为，意为“敢于；胆敢于；胆敢敢”。常构成短语。常构成短语dare to do sth.意为意为“敢于敢于做某事做某事”。 He didnt dare to look at her in the eye. 他不敢正眼看她。他不敢正眼看她。 She dared to walk at night. 她敢走夜路她敢走夜路(2)in front of 意为意为 “在在.的前面的前面
7、”。 There is a little child in front of the house. 房前有一个小孩。房前有一个小孩。辨析辨析 in front of 与与 in the front ofin front of : 在在前面，强调在某一物体外前面，强调在某一物体外 部的前面。部的前面。in the front of :“在在 的前部的前部”，强调在某一，强调在某一 物体内部的前面物体内部的前面(3)whole 形容词，意为形容词，意为“整个的；全部的整个的；全部的”，常，常用结构为用结构为“the+whole+单数名词单数名词”。all也有也有 此意，但此意，但语序不同语序不同：
8、all用于冠词、所有格用于冠词、所有格或其他限定词之前；或其他限定词之前；whole用于冠词、所有用于冠词、所有格及其他限定词之后。格及其他限定词之后。 all the time 总是总是; 一直一直 the whole time 全部的时间全部的时间 all my life 我的一生我的一生 my whole life 我的一生我的一生注意注意1）如果没有冠词或其他限定词，如果没有冠词或其他限定词，whole不能与不能与 单数名词连用单数名词连用 The whole city was burning. 整个城市都在燃烧。整个城市都在燃烧。2）whole一般不与不可数名词及物质名词连用一般不与
9、不可数名词及物质名词连用。（误）（误）the whole money/bread （正）（正）all the the money/bread3. Now shes not shy anymore and loves singing in front of crowds. 现在她再也不现在她再也不羞涩了羞涩了，并且喜欢当众唱歌。，并且喜欢当众唱歌。（1）not . anymore = no more，意为，意为“不再不再”。 He doesnt come late anymore. = He no more comes late. 他不再他不再迟到了迟到了。 (2)crowd此处用作名词，意为此
10、处用作名词，意为“人群人群;观众；观众； 一帮人一帮人”。 He pushed his way through the crowds. 他在人群中往前挤。他在人群中往前挤。 There were crowds of people at the theater. 剧院里挤满了人。剧院里挤满了人。用作及物动词，意为用作及物动词，意为“挤挤;挤满；使挤满挤满；使挤满。 Shoppers crowded the street. 街上挤满了购物的人。街上挤满了购物的人。 They crowded the bus with passengers. 他们让乘客挤进公共汽车。他们让乘客挤进公共汽车。 用作不及
11、物动词，意为用作不及物动词，意为“挤挤;挨挨;聚集聚集”。 The young pigs crowed against one another for warmth. 小猪挤在一起取暖小猪挤在一起取暖。crowd的其他用法的其他用法4. like being able to travel and meet new people all the time. 像总是能旅行和结识新朋友。像总是能旅行和结识新朋友。(1)be able to 与与 can 都可以表示都可以表示 能力能力,意为意为 “会；能（够）会；能（够）”。 be able to: 表示经过表示经过努力达到目的努力达到目的, 可可用
12、于用于 各种时态各种时态can :表示有表示有能力做某事能力做某事，仅仅用于用于一般现在时一般现在时 和一般过去时和一般过去时 In the end, only 50 people were able to escape from the big fire. 最后，只有最后，只有50人从大火中逃生。人从大火中逃生。 They can sing the song in English. 他们能用英文唱这首歌。他们能用英文唱这首歌。(2)all the time 意为意为“一直一直;总是总是”，通常位于句末，通常位于句末。 Look! The monkeys jump up and down al
13、l the time. 看看! 猴子们一直在上蹿下跳。猴子们一直在上蹿下跳。5. I didnt use to be popular in school, but now I get tons of attention everywhere I go.” 过去我在学校里默默无闻，但是现在无论我过去我在学校里默默无闻，但是现在无论我 走到哪里，都得到太多的关注。走到哪里，都得到太多的关注。（1）tons of 意为意为“很多的很多的;大量的大量的”，是英语中，是英语中 一种夸张的表达方式。一种夸张的表达方式。ton的本义为的本义为“吨吨”。 He has been late for school
14、 tons of times. 他上学屡次迟到。他上学屡次迟到。（2）getattention 意为意为“得到得到/引起引起.注意注意” He tried to get the attention of a passing policeman. 他试图引起一位路过的警察的注意。他试图引起一位路过的警察的注意。6. “Well,” she begins slowly, “you have to be prepared to give up your normal life.“嗯嗯, ” 她缓缓道来她缓缓道来, “你得准备放弃正常的生活。你得准备放弃正常的生活。 prepare 在此处用作及物动词
15、，意为在此处用作及物动词，意为“准备；准备；预备预备”。 常用搭配有：常用搭配有：prepare sth. “准备某物准备某物” Our English teacher was preparing the lessons when I came into the office. 当我进办公室时，我们的英语课老师在备课。当我进办公室时，我们的英语课老师在备课。(2) prepare sb sth. 表示表示“给某人准备某物给某人准备某物” 也可用也可用prepare sth for sb. 表示。表示。 She prepared us a nice breakfast. = She prepar
16、ed a nice breakfast for us.她给我们准备了可口的早餐。她给我们准备了可口的早餐。(3) prepare sb. for sth 表不表不“使某人对所准备使某人对所准备”。 She said so because she wanted to prepare her father for the bad news. 她这样说是因为她想使爸爸对那个坏消息有她这样说是因为她想使爸爸对那个坏消息有 所准备。所准备。 (4) prepare to do sth. 表示表示“准备做某事准备做某事” They were preparing to cross the river whe
17、n it began to rain. 他们正准备过河，这时突然下雨了。他们正准备过河，这时突然下雨了。Explanation-being alone 独处独处Alone是形容词，意为是形容词，意为“单独的；独自的单独的；独自的”e.g. Her parents were not at home, and she was alone. 她父母不在家，留下她一个人她父母不在家，留下她一个人 。 alone : adj./adv. 作作表语表语和和宾语补足语宾语补足语，表示，表示 （客观上客观上）独自，孤单，数量上就一个）独自，孤单，数量上就一个lonely : adj. 作作表语表语，表示，表示
18、 （主观上主观上）孤寂）孤寂 作作定语定语，多修饰表示地点的名词，多修饰表示地点的名词， 意为意为“偏僻的、荒凉的偏僻的、荒凉的” Jenny used to play the piano. 用用used to句型说出与图片情景相符的句子。句型说出与图片情景相符的句子。Jenny Mike used to wear glasses. Mike, glasses Peter used to play soccer. Peter, soccer Amy, long hairAmy used to have long hair. Mark used to be on the swim team. M
19、ark, swim team To learn to use used to + verb to write and speak about what you used to likeTo learn the new words: insect, influence, absent, failMy father/My mother/My parents used to How about your childhood?Did you use to have the same experience as the following?play pijin (皮筋皮筋)play toys with
20、parents1a Check () the things you used to like when you were a child._music class_P.E. class_painting pictures_ants and other insects1b What other things did you use to like when you were a child? Write sentences in the box above. Then discuss them with a partner.What other things did you use to lik
21、e to do when you were a child? Group workA: What did you use to like to do?B: I used to likeA: Do you have colorful childhood?B: Yes/No,read comicsplay with dollsplay with balloonsplay pijin(皮筋皮筋)play with toy carschat with my parentsplay with the insectsplay alone 1. _ I didnt use to like tests. 2.
22、 _ We used to walk to school. 3. _ I used to hate P.E. class. 4. _ I used to be on the soccer team.1c Listen and check () the sentences you hear.1d. Listen again. What do the girl and the boy say about things in the past and now? Fill in the chart. In the pastNowGirl I didnt use to like _.I dont wor
23、ry about _.We used to wear_ to school.We can wear _Boy We used to _ every day after school.We _ all the time.I used to hate _.I _ P.E. class.testsP.E. testsclass the school uniformwhatever we likejust studyloveplayA: I used to be nervous about tests all the time. What about you?B: Yes, me too. And I
24、 used to PairworkCompare yourself with your partner.You must lead a happy life when you were a child, please tell us what other things you used to like doing. Write at least 3 sentences.1. I used to like _.2. _.3. _.4. _.5. _.1.The mother traveled for many hours to return home to talk to her child_.
25、 2.He used to be a very quiet teenager. He remained _most of the time and _talked to other people.1 Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words in the box.silent require absent fail interview take pride in be proud of in person influence humorous seldomin personsilentseldom3.If you are al
26、ways _from class, you will _ the examinations.4. The teacher _ helping his students win the English competition.5. Kates grandparents have had a great _ on her.absentfailtook pride ininfluence6. That British teacher is very_. He always tells us interesting jokes.7. People are usually _ to give a gen
27、eral self-introduction in a job_. 8. Tina played basketball game and her parents _ her.humorousrequiredinterviewwere proud ofI used to wear _ .My hair used to be_.I used to watch _.I used to play _.I used to be_. 2. What did you use to be like when you were in primary school? Complete these statemen
28、ts.Fill in the blanks 他们过去和我们住在同一条街道，所以我们他们过去和我们住在同一条街道，所以我们 经常能看见他们，但现在我们不能经常见到经常能看见他们，但现在我们不能经常见到 他们了。他们了。 They_ in the same street as us, so we often_. But we _ these days. 当我还是个孩子时，我不喜欢西红柿。当我还是个孩子时，我不喜欢西红柿。 When I was a child, I _ tomatoes.used to liveused to see themdont see them very oftendidn
29、t use to liken当你来这儿之前你住哪儿？当你来这儿之前你住哪儿？ Where _live before you came here?n你过去是游泳队成员吗？你过去是游泳队成员吗？ _ the swim team? Did you use to be on did you use toHomework1. Make six sentences with “used to”.2. Describe your past.In the past, did you use to do something not very good? And do you do it better now?
30、Think about some changes in your life and write down your own sentences.PastPastNowNowI used to forget my moms birthday.I kiss my mom and say “I love you” on her birthday.I used to spit in the street.I become a volunteer in an environment group. 2a Li Wen is a 15-year-old boy from thecountryside. Hi
31、s parents are working in the city. Look at the title of the passageand the picture below. What problemsdo you think he might have?2b Read the passage and put the sentence (A-D) in the correct places and underline the problems that Li Wen used to have .USING CONTEXTUsing the sentence context may help
32、 you guess and learn the meanings of new words and phrases.Li Wen is a normal 15-year-old boy from the countryside. He works very hard and does well in school. It is hard to believe that he used to have difficulties in school. When he was a little boy, he seldom caused any problems, and his family s
33、pent a lot of time together. _His parents moved to the city to look for jobs, and his grandparents came to take care of him.But he missed his parents so much and he often felt lonely and unhappy.He Used to Cause a Lot of TroubleC Li Wens unhappiness began to influence his schoolwork. He began less i
34、nterested in studying. He was absent from classes and failed his examinations. Finally, Li Wens parents made the decision to send him to a boarding school. however, Li Wen was shy and was not able to make friends quickly in school. He found life there difficult. One day he told his teacher that he w
35、anted to leave the school. _and sheDcalled his parents. She advised them to talk with their son in person. So his parents took a 24-hour train and a 5-hour bus ride to get to their Li Wens school._ “It was exactly what I needed,” he said. “Now I understand that even though they all busy, they are al
36、ways thinking of me.They take pride in everything good that I do.” AAfter that, Li Wens parents had much more attention with their son than they used to._He became more outgoing and made some goodfriends in school. He even joined the school basketball team and became active in many other activities.
37、 “Im much happier now, and I work even harder than I used to. I know my parents love me and they are always proud of me,” says Li Wen. “Its very important for parents to be there for their children.” B1. be nervous about意为意为“对对.感到紧张感到紧张”，about 为介词，后接名为介词，后接名词、代词或动词的词、代词或动词的-ing形式作宾语形式作宾语。 There is n
38、othing to be nervous about. 没什么可紧张的。没什么可紧张的。 Ill be nervous about speaking in your presence. 有你在场我说话就紧张了。有你在场我说话就紧张了。Language points 辨析：辨析： nervous 和和 anxiousnervous：在事情发展的过程中有一种怕的感在事情发展的过程中有一种怕的感 觉（觉（=rather afraid)anxious: 由于害怕某种事情会发生而感到焦由于害怕某种事情会发生而感到焦 急、担心（急、担心（=worried) Im always nervous when I
39、 have to make a speech. 在必须演讲时我总感到紧张。在必须演讲时我总感到紧张。 Your mother will be anxious until she hears youre safe. 你妈妈只有在听到你安然无恙你妈妈只有在听到你安然无恙 时才会放下心来。时才会放下心来。2 It is hard to believe that he used to have difficulties in school. (l) It is hard to believe that 是一个含有宾是一个含有宾语从句的复合句。语从句的复合句。主句中主句中it作形式主语，真作形式主语，真
40、 正的主语是正的主语是that引导的从句。引导的从句。 It is hard to believe that they finished so much work during such a short time. 在这么短的一段时间内他们完成了如此多在这么短的一段时间内他们完成了如此多 的工作的工作, 这令人难以相信。这令人难以相信。3. When he was a little boy, he seldom caused any problems, and his family spent a lot of time together. seldom 作副词，意为作副词，意为“不常；很少不
41、常；很少”相当相当于于hardly ever, 其反义词为其反义词为often（经常）通常（经常）通常置于置于实义动词之前，助动词、系动词或情态动实义动词之前，助动词、系动词或情态动词之后。词之后。 She seldom goes out by herself. 她很少独自外出。她很少独自外出。 He is seldom late for school. 他上学很少迟到。他上学很少迟到。注意：注意：1） seldom 具有否定意义，用于句首表示强具有否定意义，用于句首表示强 调时，主谓要部分倒装调时，主谓要部分倒装 Seldom do I go shopping by tax, unless
42、its raining. 除非除非下雨，我很少打车去购物。下雨，我很少打车去购物。2） seldom 用于反意疑问句时，附加问句不用于反意疑问句时，附加问句不 用否定词用否定词not。 They seldom come late, do they? 他们很少迟到，对吗他们很少迟到，对吗?4. He was absent from classes and failed his examinations. 他翘课，并且考试不及格。他翘课，并且考试不及格。(l) be absent from 意为意为“缺席缺席.此处用作此处用作形容词，意为形容词，意为“缺席缺席;不在不在”。 A good stud
43、ent would not be absent from school. 好学生是不会逃课的好学生是不会逃课的拓展：拓展：absent 用作动词用作动词, 意为意为“缺席缺席;不参不参加加”。 He absent himself from the meeting yesterday. 他昨天没有出席会议。他昨天没有出席会议。5. Finally, Li Wens parents made the decision to send him to a boarding school.(1)Finally 用作副词，意为用作副词，意为 “最后最后; 终于终于”，其同，其同 义义词组词组是是 in t
44、he end, at last。在句中作状。在句中作状语语通通常位于句首、句末或实义动词之前，常位于句首、句末或实义动词之前，be动动 词、词、助动词或情态动词之后助动词或情态动词之后。 Finally they got to the village. 最后他们到达了那个村庄。最后他们到达了那个村庄。 He worked out the math problem finally. 他终于解出了那道数学题。他终于解出了那道数学题。辨析：辨析： finally, at last 与与 in the endFinally: “最后最后”，只指一系列事物或论点的只指一系列事物或论点的 顺序，一般不带感
45、情色彩顺序，一般不带感情色彩at last : 有时可与有时可与finally互换，但往往用于一互换，但往往用于一 番拖延和曲折之后，番拖延和曲折之后，因因 而带有较而带有较浓浓 厚的感情色彩，如厚的感情色彩，如“不耐烦不耐烦、不不放放心、心、 不如愿等不如愿等in the end: “终于终于” 可用于预测未来可用于预测未来， finally 和和 at last 则不能则不能 He tried many times, and finally succeeded. 他试验了很多次，最后他试验了很多次，最后成功。成功。 At last I have obtained my wish. 我的愿望
46、终于实现了。我的愿望终于实现了。 (2) sendto意为意为“把把送到送到” His parents sent him to Shanghai to study. 他的父母送他到上海学习。他的父母送他到上海学习。拓展：拓展：send 的固定搭配的固定搭配1）send up “发射；发出发射；发出” Man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries.2）send away “解雇；开除解雇；开除” The boss sent away Tom. His mother was ill and he sent fo
47、r the doctor.6. She advised them to talk with their son in person. 班主任建议李文的父母亲自和她们的儿子谈谈。班主任建议李文的父母亲自和她们的儿子谈谈。（1）advise 用作及物动词，其宾语可以是用作及物动词，其宾语可以是名词、名词、代词、动词代词、动词-ing 形式，也可以是形式，也可以是that从句从句。advise也可以接也可以接双宾语双宾语，其，其直接宾语可由名词、直接宾语可由名词、带疑问词的动词不定式或带疑问词的动词不定式或that/wh-从句充当。从句充当。advise还可由还可由动词不定式充当宾补的复合宾语动词不
48、定式充当宾补的复合宾语。advise的常用句型：的常用句型：1）advise doing sth. 意为意为“建议做某事建议做某事” He advised leaving early.2) Advise sb. to do sth.意为意为“建议某人做某事建议某人做某事” The doctor advised me to take a complete rest. 医生建议我彻底休息一下。医生建议我彻底休息一下。注意：注意：advise后不能直接跟不定式作宾语。后不能直接跟不定式作宾语。3) advise sb. against doing sth. 意为意为“劝告某劝告某 人不要做某事人不要
49、做某事”，有时可与，有时可与 advise sb. not to do sth.互换。互换。 He advised her against going out at night. =He advised her not to no out at night. 他劝她晚上不要出去。他劝她晚上不要出去。4) advise sb. of sth.意为意为“通知或告知某人有通知或告知某人有 某情况某情况”。 Please advise us oj the arrival of the goods. 货物到达时请通知我们。货物到达时请通知我们。(2) in person意为意为“亲身；亲自亲身；亲自”。
50、 You should come here in person tomorrow. 明天你应该亲自来这儿。明天你应该亲自来这儿。7. “, they are always thinking of me. They take pride in everything good that I do.” 他们一直牵挂我，并为我所做的每一件好事感他们一直牵挂我，并为我所做的每一件好事感到自豪。到自豪。(l) be always doing sth.意为意为“总是做某事，总是做某事，一直做某事一直做某事”，always常用在一般现在时态里，常用在一般现在时态里，表示经常的行为习惯。当与进行时连用，构表示经