2022年介词的用法大全.docx

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1、精品_精品资料_介词的用法一. 表示时间日期的介词1 at:主要表示方向、场所、时间的某一点可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_at the corner of the stree,tat dinner,at sixty miles an hour,be sold at three yuan a doze,ncome at us可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_固定搭配:at one time,at the beginning of,at the post office,at the airport, at the weekend,at the age of可编辑资料

2、 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_25,at the same time, at presen,tat 主要表示时间点at any time,表示缘由,表示 “见/闻而”. at the news可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_表示特定的时间at night a.m. 在九点钟表示不确定的时间at night, at that time, at Christmas 在圣诞期间 当天 on表示年龄段at the age of eight 在 8 岁2 in:表示场所、时间与期限、状况、方向.主要用来表示较长的时间单位,如月份、季节、年份等in the 1990s in the

3、 late 19th century形成“in+时段名词 ”的词组或固定搭配in those days, in the daytime, in a short while,in no time, in time.in主要表示时间段一般指相对较长的时间段里in the morning, in spring, in the past ten years在时间之后,用于将来时He will be back in a month.介词 in 在短语或句型中的省略:1) 某些形容词 /过去分词后接 v-ing 形式时, v-ing 形式前的介词 in 可以省略.be busy in doing be e

4、ngaged in doing(忙于)2) 某些动词如 busy 等,常与反身代词连用,其后的in 也可以省略.busy oneself in doing3) 某些动词如 spend、pass、waste等与表示时间的名词连用,后面的介词也可以省略.spend time in doing waste time in doing可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_4) 在 have no difficulty in doing sth. 、have no trouble in doing sth、.词也可以省略.have no business in doing sth等.句型中介可

5、编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_5) 在句型 There is no use indoing sth中.,介词也可省略.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_固定搭配:in the world,in thefuture,in the snow /rain / storm,in ink ,in short,in public , in one s opini,onin modern times,in surprise,in a queue,in the open air3 on:主要表示在上面、依据或基础、有关或涉及的方面、表示某天.固定搭配: on doing sth.

6、,on the afternoon of October,on Tuesday evening,on foot,hit sb. on the head,on the right/ left,on fire ,on duty,on sale,on the radio, on show,on earth,on one ows n留意:一般带有宗教颜色的节日名词前面用at,如圣诞节. 一般的节日名词前用on.on 主要指详细某一天表示是详细的日期和星期on Monday, on October 1st ,1949. on my birthday某一天特定的上午下午或半夜on the night of

7、 December 31,1999. on a fine day在第几天on her first day to school, on the tenth day I was in Beijing.4 by 主要表示接近、时限、动作的执行者、方式.固定搭配: by the village, by oneself,by foot=on foot ,by hand,learnby hea,rt二. 表示的点,方位的介词5 for 主要表示目的、缘由、交换值以准时间和距离的长度.固定搭配: make sth. for sb., thank sb. for sth., for example, for

8、sale,for free, for表示一段时间表示一件事连续的长短 ,一般接详细的时间I have lived in Nanjing for 2 years.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_6 of 表示部分与全体的关系、全部关系、来源和所用的材料.of 全部格表示的多种关系:1) 从属关系: the wheel of the car2) 局部- 整体关系: some of the water3) 量化关系: a cup of tea4) 描述关系: a professor of learning(学问丰富的教授)5) 同位关系:the city of Beijing6) 动

9、宾关系: the study of the map(讨论的图)7) 主谓关系: the determination of the workers(工人们的决心)固定搭配:be fond of,make fun of,be tired of, of one s o,wninstead of,可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_7 to 主要表示方向、程度、结果、关系和位置.固定搭配 to one s surprise / joy/ astonishm,etnot the east o,f public, thanks to, stick to, refer tokey to,come

10、 up to,add up to,be open to the可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_8. during 表示一段时间在期间内,强调在此期间内发生了什么事yI studied in this university for 4 years, during that time most of my time was spent in learning English.可接表示时间连续一段时间的名词during my visit to China, during my holiday9. from 与 to, till 连用Most people work from nine

11、 to five.多数人过着朝九晚五的生活10. since, since+时间点 从那一刻起,与现在完成与过去完成时连用可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_He has been here since last Sunday自.四、 简单错、常考的介词及搭配从上星期天起,她就在这里可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_1 be made of,be made from,be made into,be made in 2 call on = visit , call for = go and pick up3 on business (出差) / strike()罢工/

12、duty(值日)/ holiday / fire / vacation / watch(戒备)/ sale(出售)/ leave(请假)/ guard(戒备)4 have some trouble / difficulty in doing sth., have a habit / idea / plan of doing sth. 5 A is pleased to B,B is pleased with A(对感到中意)7 with the help of, under the leadership of8 by means of(使用),by way of (经由), by heart(

13、记住), by the way 9 out of question(毫无疑问), out of the question(毫不行能)10 prevent / stop / keep sb. from doing sth. 11 be thankful to sb. for sth.12 steal sth. from sb,.rob sb. of sth.13 insist on doing sth.,persist in doing sth., stick to, go on doing sth.14 set about doing sth,.set out to do sth.15 loo

14、k sb. in the face,hit sb. on the face, lead the cow by the nose 16 do a favour for sb. = do sb. a favour五、 介词的惯用型1 above all(第一), after all,at all(全然), in all2 day after day,year after year,one after one,one after another 3 at peace(和平),at war(战争),at times(经常), at dinner4 by oneself,by all means(尽一切

15、方法、务必) ,by chance,by accident, by no means(决不、并没有),by means of(用、依靠), by the way5 in her teens(十几岁),in pain,in danger, in need 6 to one s joy / sorrow / surprise可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_7 with care(认真的),with joy / pleasure(兴奋的),with one s h,elpwith the best wishes(致以我们良好的希望) ,without difficulty (毫不困难

16、的),without exception(毫不例外),without delay(立刻、立刻)可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_8 according to(依据), along with(和一起),as to(至于),because o,f之外),instead of(代替)9 out of order(不正常), out of date,out of trouble(脱离困境),out of sight, out of debt(仍清了债务),out of touch(没有联系)except for(除可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_10 at the bot

17、tom of,at the centre of, at the end o,fat the top of,at the cost o(f以为代价) at the sight of,at the thought of,at a speed of11 in memory of(纪念), in favour of(同意), in the habit of(有习惯),in touch with (与保可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_持联系),on the left of, on the eve o(f在前夕)可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_12 from time to

18、 time(不时的), from day to day(每天), from hand to hand(一个传一个),from side to side(左右的),from car to car(一个车厢一个车厢的) ,from bad to worse(越来越差),from beginning可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_to en(d从头到尾),from hand to mout(h仅能糊口),from head to foot,from start to finish,from one to another可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_六. 把握方式、手

19、段、工具的表达方法1) in +文字、语言、材料名词in English ink, pencil, capital letters write in pen, 用钢笔写speak in a low voice 小声说话2) with +工具、机器.人体器官.心情、情感、态度的名词with a branch, with one s nose, with pride, with satisfaction, with the help of, with one s permissionWe can see with our eyes and write with our hands.I killed

20、 a fly with a fly flap.我用苍蝇拍打死了一只苍蝇3) by 表示泛指的方式、手段by bus, by land, by means o(f用方法) , by way of(经由), by doing sth.,可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_by hand(手工), by pos(t由邮局传递) , by lette(r用写信的方式) , by electricity, by hard work, by the year,可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_by the hour(by + the + 单位名词)按4) 其它表示方式(情形、状况

21、、手段)的表示法through the radio / by radio / on the radio, through / by / from practice,by telephone on the telephone, on foot, on the train, in satisfaction, in surprise, in silence, in a low voice, in comfort, in sorrow, in high / good / poor spirits,in anger, in safety, in debt, in good order, in good

22、/ poor health, in tears,in use, in pain,七、 留意:某些名词和介词的固定搭配1) 要求 to:key, answer, visit, apology, introduction以 to 为中心构成短语的归纳belong to, come to(清醒) , look forward to, lead to, stick to, refer to, turn to, drink to(为 干杯) , object to(反对) , reply to the letter, help oneself to, sing / dance to the mus(ic

23、和着 在 声中唱 /跳), devote oneself to2) 要求 in:interest, satisfaction3)以 for 为中心构成短语的归纳ask for, call for(去接某人) , care for(关怀) , go in for(从事) , answer for(对负责) , send for, pay可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_for, praise sb. fo(r颂扬某人某事) , head fo(r向方向移动) , search for, take(f误or以为) , leave可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_for,

24、 prepare for(为预备) , thank sb. for, make a dive fo(r 4)以 on 为中心构成短语的归纳向猛冲) , make up for(补偿缺失)可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_come on来吧, call on 拜望, pass on传递, carry on 进行下去 , live on sth.靠生活, depend on依靠, have on穿着, have pity on 怜悯, look onas 把看作, push on推动, spy on 窥探, switch / turn on 旋开, waiton 侍侯 , walk

25、on 连续走 , spendon 在上花费时间、金钱 , operate on 给动手术 , take on a newlook 出现新面貌八、 某些形容词和介词的固定搭配可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_1) be afraid of 担 心 be afraid for 替而担忧2) be angry about / at sth因.而愤怒be angry with sb.对某人发怒3) be anxious for sth.期望 be anxious about sth. / sb担. 心4) be different from与不同 be indifferent to不关怀

26、5) be good at善于be good for对有益 be good of sb. to do sth友.好6) be strict with sb.对严格 be strict in sth.7) be popular with sb.受到欢迎 be popular in some place流行在be popular for因而流行8) be pleased with + n.或 what 从句. be pleased at +抽象名词听、看到而兴奋9) be disappointed at sth. .be disappointed with sb对.扫兴10) be known t

27、o sb. .be known with + n.或从句.be known for 因而闻名11) be absent from缺席12) be devoted to献身于 13) be open to对开放 14) be poor / clever / expert at15) be sorry for替/为懊悔 16) be rich inbe interested in 17) be proud of take pride in18) be satisfied with / bybe sure of / about 19) be fond of, be fit for, be busy

28、with sth. in doing sth. 20) be late for, be ready for可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_21) be similar to九、吊尾介词.be wrong with可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_1) 某些形容词后接不及物动词或“ V+介”型短语动词的不定式形式表“反射”,常用吊尾介词.A) fit, easy, hard, good, difficult, comfortable, heavy 等形容后,常用吊尾介词.e.g. The girl is easy to get along with.可编辑资料 -

29、- - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_B) be worth doing, be worthy of being done, be worthy to be done, want / require / need doin表g尾介词.e.g. The problem is worth dealing with. The book is worthy of being referred to.反射, 常用吊可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_2) 不及物动词的不定式修饰表“涉及对象、场所、工具、手段、方式、材料等”意义的名词经常带吊尾介词.e.g. There is nothing for

30、 us to worry about. a room to live in3) 定语从句中,先行词被一个不及物动词所修饰,就不及物动词后要带介词,先行词被“ V+介”组成的短语动词所修饰,介词常在句尾.e.g. He is the very man I just spoke to. This is the life he is used to.4) 以 what, whose, who,whatever 等引导的宾语从句、表语从句中常显现“吊尾介词 ”.e.g. I don t know what you do it for.5) 强调句型和特殊疑问句中由于被强调部分和疑问词位置变更,常显现吊

31、尾介词.在上下文意义清晰时,特殊疑问句常用省简结构.e.g. It is the poor boy that we gave the books to.What for.(为什么?) Where to.(去哪儿?) Who with. (和谁去?)6) 被动语态中 “ V+介”短语常用吊尾介词.e.g. He was listened to come here. He has never been spoken to in this way.十常用介词辨异1 about, on, of 关 于on 多用于谨慎的、正式的语言交际场合.常见于“学术上 ”的“论文”或“演说”等题目,可供特的讨论这一

32、问题的人阅读,有 “论及”之意.about 表示的内容多为普遍、不那么正式,有“述及”之意.of 作“关于”讲,表示提及、涉及某人(事)时,只表示事情存在或发生,并不涉及详情.有时与about意义相近,但有时意义很不同,常与动词know、hear、learn(听说)、speak、talk、think 、tell 等连用.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_2. at, on, in表时间 : at 表示时间的一点. in 表示一个时期. on 表示特殊日子A. at 后常接几点几分,天明,中午,日出,日落,开头等.如:at five ocloc(k 五点),at down(清晨),

33、at daybreak(天亮),at sunrise(日 出),at noon(中午),at sunset(日落), at midnight (半夜), at the beginning of the month(月初), at that time (那时), at that moment (那会儿), at this time of day (在一天的这个时候).B. in 后常接年,月,日期,上午,下午,晚上,白天,季节,世纪等.如:in 2022( ),in May ,2022( 五月) ,in the morning (早晨 /上午),in the afternoon(下午) , in

34、 the evening(晚上), in the night (夜晚), in the daytime (白天), in the 21st century(21 世纪), in three days(weeks/month)三天(周 / 个月), in a week (一周), in spring (春季).C. on 后跟某日,星期几,某日的每天,节日等,即详细某一天极其早中、晚 .on Sunday ( 星 期 日 ) , on a warm morning in April( 四 月 的 一 个 温 暖 的 上 午 ) , on a December night(12 月的一个夜晚),

35、on that afternoon(那天下午), on the following night (下一个晚上), on Christmas afternoon(圣诞节下午), on October 1,1949 (1949 年 10 月 1 日), on New Years Day. 特殊提示 :在 last, next, this, that, some, every等词之前一律不用介词at, inin 一般表示较大的的方at 表示较小的的方可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_at home, at school, at the bus stop, at the docto,rs

36、3. between, among表位置“在.之间”in a country, in a town, in the street,可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_A. between 仅用于二者之间,但说三者或三者以上中的每两个之间的相互关系时,也可用between,如I msitting between Tom and Alice.The village lies between three hills.B. among 用于三者或三者以上之间.如: He is the best among the students.4. except, except for, except

37、 that, but, besides, beside可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_except 除“之外”,指不包括,后面常接名词、代词(人称代词常用宾格),仍可接介词短语、副可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_词和动词不定式,此时相当于but,但不定式常不带to.except for 除“了,只有 ”,意思和 except 一样,主要指说明基本情形后,而在细节上加以修正,后面常接名词性短语.except that 除了“,只是 ”,意思和 except、except for 一样.但在用法上,主要指其后常接名词性从句,也可接 when、where 等词引导的其

38、它从句.but 所含“除外”的意思不如 except 明确. but 多用在代词(主要是不定代词、否定代词和疑问代词)之后.besides表示“除外仍有 ”,所排除的事物常包括在所述范畴之内.另外,besides可用作副词,相当于also,有“而且,加之,何况 ”之意.beside也是介词,表示 “在邻近 ”,只不过形似besides,简单相互混淆.【对比】假如在区分前后有同类的词语时,就用except,否就就用 except for. e.g.This book has no blunder except a few mistakes.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_This

39、 book is interesting except for a few mistakes(.前面无同类词语)可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_Every one of us, except him, went to see the exhibition.5. in the tree, on the treein the tree ,指动物或人等外来的东西在树上,可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_on the tree 指,果实或叶子等树本身长出来的东西可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_6. on the way, by the way, in th

40、is wayon the way 指在路上 , on ones way to . by the way 指顺便问一句in this way 用这样的方法, in that way , in other way, in these ways7. by bus, on the busby bus 是一般说法 , 固定搭配 ,on the bus特指乘某一辆车8. across, through, ove和rpast“通过 , 经过”across从表面经过 , 如,road, bridge, river可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - -

41、 - - - - - -through 从内部空间经过 , 如: city, woods, forests, window, gate past , 从旁边经过 .through 指“穿过 门洞/人群/树林”. across 和 over 可以指 “跨过 街道/河流”,可互换 ,但是表示 “翻过 ”时只能用 over. 如:Just then a rat 鼠ran across the road. 就在那时一只老鼠跑过路面 / There is a bridge across/over the river. 河上有座桥 / They climbed over the mountain and

42、arrived there aheadof time. 他们翻过大山提前到达了那里/ The visitors went through a big gate into another park.参观者们穿过一个大门来到另一个公园8. on, above, over,“ 在上” , up,A. on 指在某物表面上 ,有接触点a book on the tableB. over 指在某物垂直上方 ,无接触点 ,也可指掩盖在某物上 , 与 under 相对 under 表示在下 方 I put the money under the bed. 我把钱放在床底下a cloth over the t

43、able , a fan over the tableC. above 指在某物的上方即可 ,不肯定是垂直上方是斜上方反义词为below , He lives above me他住我家楼上 不肯定就是头上一间 The temperature today is above zero.今日气温零度以上 .D. up 表示在往上的方向反义词downlook up to the sky抬头看天空about 与 on 的用法区分:都可以表示 “有关 ”,但是 about 的意义比较广 ,而 on 主要表示 “有关 专题/课程”.如: Tom is going to give a talk on the

44、history of America. 汤姆要作一个美国历史的报告 / They are very excited talking about the coming field trip. 他们津津有味的谈论着即将来到的野外旅行 on 表示两事物表面接触Put away the books on the desk.把桌上的书收好over 除了要接触,仍有掩盖的含义,over 表示正上方 There is a bridge over the river. 河上有一座桥9. for , since,A. since 仅说明什么时候开头, , 后常跟一个详细的过去的时间.B. for表示某动作或情形连续多久, 后常跟一段时间.He has studied the piano for 5 years. They have lived here since 1978.since 与 for 表示时间的用法区分: “since+ 详细时刻 /that- 从句”表示“自从 起始终到现在 ”,“for + 一段时间”表示“总共有 之久”,都常用于完成时态. 如:Uncle Li has worked in this factory since 1970. 李叔叔自从 1970 年起就在这家工

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