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1、介词的用法1. 表示地点位置的介词1) at ,in, on, to, forat 1 表示在小地方 ; 2 表示 “在 邻近,旁边 ” in 1 表示 在大地方 ; 2 表示“在 范畴之内 ”； on 表示毗邻,接壤, “在 上面”；to 表示在 范畴外,不强调是否接壤；或 “到”2) above, over, on在上above指在上方,不强调是否垂直,与below 相对；over 指垂直的上方 ,与 under 相对,但 over 与物体有肯定的空间,不直接接触；on 表示某物体上面并与之接触；The bird is flying above my head.There is a bri
2、dge over the river. He put his watch on the desk.3) below, under在 下面under 表示在 正下方below 表示在 下,不肯定在正下方There is a cat under the table.Please write your name below the line.4) in front frantof, in the front of在 前面in front of 意思是 “在 前面”,指甲物在乙物之前,两者互不包括；其反义词是 behind （在的后面）；There are some flowers in front
3、of the house.房子前面有些花卉； in the frontof 意思是 “在 .的前部 ”,即甲物在乙物的内部 .反义词是 at the back of （在 范畴内的后部）；There is a blackboard in the front of our classroom.我们的教室前边有一块黑板；Our teacher stands in the front of the classroom. 我们的老师站在教室前 . 老师在教室里 5） beside , behindbeside表示在 旁边behind表示在 后面2. 表示时间的介词1) in , on ,at在 时in
4、 表示较长时间,如世纪、朝代、时代、年、季节、月及一般（非特指）的早、中、晚等；如 in the 20thcentury,in the 1950s,in 1989,in summer,in January,in the morning, in one s life , in one等s；thirtieson 表示详细某一天及其早、中、晚；如 on May 1st, on Monday, on New Years Day, on a cold night in January, on a fine morning, on Sunday afternoon等；at 表示某一时刻或较短暂的时间,或泛
5、指圣诞节,复活节 等；如 at 3:20, at this time of year, at the beginning of, at the end of, at the age of, at Christmas , at night, at noon, at this moment等；留意：在 last, next, this, that, some, every等词之前一律不用介词；如： We meetevery day.112) in, after在 之后“ in +段时间 ”表示将来的一段时间以后； “ after+段时间 ”表示过去的一段时间以后；“ after+将来的时间点 ”表
6、示将来的某一时刻以后；3) from, since自从from 仅说明什么时候开头,不说明某动作或情形连续多久；since 表示某动作或情形连续至说话时刻, 通常与完成时连用； since 表示自（某详细时间）以来 ,常用作完成 时态谓语的 时间状语 ；since liberation （1980 ）自从解放（ 1980 年）以来 They have been close friends since childhood 他们从小就是好伴侣；（ 1） since the war 是指自从战争终止以来 ,如指自从战争开头以来 ,须说 since the beginning of the war；（
7、 2）不要将 since与 after 混淆；比较： He hasworked here since 1965（指一段时间,强调时间段）自从1965年以来,他始终在这儿工作；He began to work here after 1965（指一点时间,强调时间点）从1965 年以后,他开头在这儿工作；4) after, behind在 之后after 主要用于表示时间； behind 主要用于表示位置；时间名词前介词用法口诀年前周前要用 in 详细日子要用 on 遇到几号也用 on 上午下午得是 in 要说某日上下午 用 on 换 in 记清晰 午夜黄昏用 at 清晨用它也不错at 用在时分前
8、 说“差”可要用上 to 说过 要用 past3. 表示运动方向的介词：across, through通过,穿过across 表示横过 ,即从物体表面通过,与 on 有关,为二维through 穿过,即从物体内部穿过,与 in 有关,为三维；4. 表示 “在 之间 ”的介词：表示“在 之间”的介词在英语中属于 方位介词,如 in front of,behind,on, in, near , under , upbetween, amongbetween 指在两个人或两个事物之间；among 指在三个或三个以上的人或事物之间；5. 表示其他意义的介词1) on ,about关于on 表示这本书,
9、 这篇文章或演说是庄重的, 或学术性的, 可供特地讨论这一问题的人阅读；about 表示内容较为一般,不那么正式；2) by, with, in表示方法、手段、工具by 以 方法、手段或泛指某种交通工具；with 表示用 工具、手段,一般接详细的工具和手段； in 表示用 方式,用 语言语调、笔墨、颜色 等； 3except, besides除了except除 之外,不包括在内；besides除之外,包括在内；Except for Mr. Wang, we went to see the film.王先生没去 Besides Mr. Wang, we also went to see the
10、film.王先生也去了 其它常用介词介词在英语词汇中所占比例很小,但它们的用法却特别敏捷,复杂；以下为常用介词及含义:1） about关于,邻近,大约,四周,随身.I have bought a book about Shakespearean.我买了一本有关 莎士比亚 的书；There are about fifteen trees in the picture.大约有十五棵树在图片里； 2） above在. 上,高出,以上,超过,在. 上游.The plane is flying above the clouds.飞机在云上飞行；I think the man is above sixty
11、 years old.我想那人有六十多岁了；3） across横过,对面,交叉,在.的对面 .Can you swim across the river？你能游过河吗？ We live across the street.我们住在街的对面；4） after在.后面,依照.He went home after school.他放学后就回家了；Read after me, please.请跟我朗读； 5） against撞到,靠着 ,反对,违反,The car hit against the tree.汽车撞了树； He is standing against the wall.他靠墙站着；6）
12、along沿着,顺着.They are walking along the river.他们沿着河行走；7） among在.当中.（三者或三者以上）He is the tallest among them.他是他们当中个子最高的；8） around在.的四周 ,在.那一边 .They sat around the table talking the news.他们绕桌而坐谈论新闻；There is a drugstore around the corner.拐角处有一家药店；9） as 作为.He doesnt like people treat him as a child.他不喜爱人们把他
13、当小孩子对待；10 ）at在.时刻,在.点钟,在.岁时, 向,在.之中,按 .速度,值卖. 钱, 在.（强调地点）He always gets up at six in the morning.他经常早上六点钟起床；He shot at the bird but missed it.他向鸟射击,但是没射中；The car goes at eighty miles an hour.汽车以每小时八十公里的速度行驶；11） ）before在.的前面 位置,在.之前时间 He took a picture before the car.他在汽车前照了张照片；He cant finish his wor
14、k before supper.晚饭前他完不成工作；12） ）behind在.的后面 位置, 落后于,不如 4） after在. 后面,依照, Are there any brooms behind the door.门后有扫帚吗？All of us are behind him in mathematics.我们数学都不如他；13） ）below在.之下,低于,There are four lights below the ceiling.天花板下面有四盏灯；The murderer run away below the polices eyes.杀人犯从警察眼皮底下跑了；14） ）besi
15、de在.的旁边 ,在. 之外,与. 相比.He found the body beside the river.他在河边发觉了尸体；Beside yours , my computer is too slow.与你的运算机速度相比,我的就慢多了；15） ）besides除. 之外, 仍有.We are all here besides Bowe.除鲍外,我们也都来了；16） ）between在. 两者之间 ,He sits between you and me.他坐在你我之间；17） ）beyond在.那边,The shop you are looking for is beyond the
16、street, you cant miss it.你要找的商店在街的那边,你不会找不到的；18） ）but除去.He has nothing but money.他除钱以外什么都没有；19） ）by被., 在. 的近旁 , 在.之前, 不迟于 , 以.为手段；The classroom was cleaned by the students.教室由同学们打扫洁净了；Miss Lucy came to China by air.露西小姐 是乘飞机来 中国的；20） ）down沿着. 望下；She walked down the street.她沿着街道走；21） ）during在.期间,在.时候
17、；During the holiday, we went to the south.我们假期去了南方；22） ）except除.之外；He knows nothing except English.他除英语以外什么都不知道；23 ）for为., 由于., 至于. ；He works for this company.他为这家公司工作；She came back to the classroom for she had left her books in the classroom.她返回到教室是由于把书留在了那里；24 ）from从., 来自., 由于.；Where are you from.
18、你是哪里人？He died from an accident.他死于一场事故；25 ）in在., 在.之内,从事于 ., 根据., 穿着.；He was born in 1992.他生于 1992 年；I could finish the program in two weeks.我可以用两周时间完成这个项目；He spend less time in reading.他读书时间很少；The man in black jacket is our teacher.穿黑夹克的那个人是我们的老师；26） ）like象.,犹如 .；The twins are like their father.双胞胎
19、像他们的父亲；27） ）near靠近 ；There are some flowers near the house.房子邻近有一些花；28） ）of的,属于 ；This is a map of China.这是一张中国地图；29） ）off离开 ,在 之外；The young man got off the train quickly.那个年青人很快下了火车；I live in a village a little way off the main road.我住在离大路不远的一个村庄里；30） ）on在 之上；My book is on the table.我的书在桌子上；31） ）out
20、of从 出来,在 之外；The dog run out of the house.狗从房子里跑出来；32） ）outside .外边.They are waiting outside the gate.他们在门外等着；33 ）over在. 之上,遍于 .之上,越过 .；There is a light over the desk.桌子上方有盏灯； He is over sixty years old.他有六十多岁；34 ）past越过.,过.,超越 .；The students walked past the post office.同学们走过了邮局；It is ten past two. 现
21、在是两点特别；35） ）round围着.,绕过 .,在.四周；We sat round the table.我们围着桌子坐下；The earth goes round the sun.地球围着太阳转；36） ）since自. 以后,自 .以来；He has made great progress in English since he came into the college.从他来到高校后,他的英语有了很大进步；37） ）through经过.,穿过 .；（立体层面） They went through the forest.他们穿过了森林；38 ）throughout遍及.,在各处；The
22、 police searched for the criminal throughout the mountain.警察搜山查找犯人；39 ）till直到.,在.以前；He didnt come back till eleven oclock.他直到十一点钟才回来；Well be home till six.六点以前我们都会在家；40 ）to到.,向.,趋于；How long is it from here to the station？从这儿到车站有多远？41） ）under在.之下,低于；There are some footballs under the bed.床底下有几颗足球；The
23、se students are under seventeen years old.这些同学们不到十七岁；42） ）until直到,在 .以前,Please wait for us until we come back.请等着我们回来；It was not until last week that I handed in mathematics paper.直到上周我才交了数学论文；43） ）up在.上面,在 . 上；He went up the stairs.他上了楼梯；44） ）upon在. 之上,迫近 .；Its not polite to look down upon him.藐视他是
24、不礼貌的；45） ）within在. 之内；You must finish the work within two weeks.你必需两周内完成这项工作；46） ）without没有,不,在 .之外；We cant do it better without your help.没有你的帮忙,我们就做不好；We couldnt live without air and water.没有空气和水,我们就不行能生存；（A ）In the world ,soccer of football is the most popular sport. This is because many countrie
25、s have wonderful teams for the World Cup. The World Cup is held every four years.To remember 2002 FIFA World Cup ,children from different countries and more than 60 children from Japanese schools came together and spent three weekends drawing a bigpicture called“ Dre梦am幻 World Cups” in Japan .The ch
26、ildren drew animals, flowersand people playing soccer under a bule bright sky. They wished each football team good luck by drawing the flags旗帜 of all the countries that will take part in the World Cup in Japan and South Korea.The picture was put up in a park near a playground inYokohama .Some footba
27、ll teams will have games there.Are you a football fan迷？ The World Cup makeds more and more people interested in football Teenagers青少年 like playing and watching football .Many of them love some football stars so much that they get the pictures of their favourite players on the walls oftheir rooms. Th
28、at is the way to show their love for the World Cup as children in Japan.1. If a country wants to take part in the World Cup ,she must have.A. Many football fans B. a very good team C. many football player D. a big playground2. The next World Cup will be held in. A. 2006 B. 2007 C. 2005 D. 20043. Fro
29、m the passage ,in the picture children drew many things except.A. people playing football B. pictures of some football stars C. a sunny sky D. flowers4. In“ Dream World Cup ” ,the children drew the flags of some countries. /PA. to show their love for their owe countryB. to tell the people their stor
30、iesC. to show their good wishes for the football teamsD. to show their new ideas about football5. Many teenagers owe the pictures of some football stars because.A. they are interested in football B. they are football fansC. they think their favourite players are great D. all of A,B and C（B ）In 1826,
31、 a Frenchman named Niepce needed pictures for his business .But he was not a good artis .So he invented a very simple camera 照相机 .He put it in a window of his house and took a picture of hia garden .That was the first photo.The next important date in the history of photography 摄影术 was in 1837. That
32、year, Daguere, another Frenchman ,took a picture of his reading room .He used a new kind of camera in a different way. In his picture you could see everything very clearly ,even the smallest thing. This kind of photo was called a Daguerreotype.Soon, other people began to use Daguerre s way. Traveler
33、s brought back wonderful photos from all around the world .people took picture of famous buildings, cities and mountains.In about 1840, photography was developed .Then photographers could take picture of people and moving things .That was not simple .The photographers had to carry a lot of film and
34、other machines. But this did not stop them ,for example, some in the United States worked so hard.Mathew Brady was a famous American photographers. He took many picture of greadpeople .The picture were unusual beause they were very lifelike栩栩如生的 Photographers also became one kind of art by the end o
35、f the 19th century .Some photod were nor just cooies of the real world .They showed and feelings,like other kinds of art.6. The first photo taken by Niepce was a picturte of A. his business B. his house C. his garden D. his window7. The Daguerrotype was. /PA.Frenchman B. a kind of picture C. a kind
36、of camera D. a photographer8. If a photographer wanted to take pictures of moving things in the year of 1840j, he had to.A. watch lots of films B. buy an expensive cameraC. stop in most cities D. take many films and something else with him.9. Mathew Brady.A. was very lifelike B. was famous for his u
37、nusual picturesC. was quite strong D. took many pictures of moving people10. This passage tells us.A. how photography was developed B. how to show your ideas and feelings in picturesC. how to take pictures in the world D. how to use different cameras（C ）Americans with small families own a small car
38、or a large one. If both parents are working, they usually have two cars. When the family is large, one of the cars is sold and they will buy a van 住房汽车 A small car can hold容纳 four persons and a large car can hold six persons but it is verycrowded 拥挤 . A van hold seven persons easily, so a family thr
39、ee children could ask their grandparents to go on a holiday travel They could all travel together.Mr.Hagen and his wife had a third child last year. This made them sell a second car and bus a van. Their children sixth and seventh seat are used to put other things, for a family of five must carry man
40、y suitcases衣箱 when they travel. When they arrive at their grandparents home , the suitcases are brought into the two seats can then carry the grandparents.Americans call vans motor homes. A motor home is always used for holidays. When a family are traveling to the mountains or to the seaside, they c
41、an live in their motor home for a few days or to the seaside, they can live in their motor home for a few days or weeks. All the members of a big family can enjoy a happier life when they are traveling together.That is why motor homes have become very popular. In America there are many parks for mot
42、or homes.11. From the passage, a van is also called.A. a motor car B. a motor home C. a motorbike D. a big truck12. Before Mr. Hagen and his wife bought a van, they.A. sold their old house B. moved to their grandparents houseC. built a new place for a van D. sold their second car13. A motor home is
43、usually owned by a family with.A. a baby B. much money C. more than two children D. interest in vans14. Americans usually use motor homer.A. to travel with all the family members of holidayB. to do some shopping with all the family membersC. to visit their grandparents at weekendsD. to drive their c
44、hildren to school every day15. Motor homes have become popular because.A. they can take people to another city when people are freeB. they can let families have a happier life when they go out for their holidaysC. some people think motor homes are cheapD. big families can put more things in motor ho
45、mes（D ）Surtsey was born in 1963.Scientists saw the birth of this island. It began at 7.30 a.m. on14th November. A fishing boat was near Iceland. The boat moved under the captains（船 长） feet. He noticed a strange smell. He saw some black smoke. A volcano（火山） was breaking out. Red-hot rocks, fire and s
46、moke were rushing up from the bottom（底部） of thesea. The island grew quickly. It was 10 meters high the next day and 60 meters high on 18th November. Scientists flew there to watch. It was exciting. Smoke and fire were still rushing up. Pieces of red-hot rock were flying into the air and falling into the sea. The sea was boiling and there was a strange light in the sky. Surtsey grew and grew. Then it stopped in June 1967.It was 175 meters high and 2