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1、-名词性从句之主语从句讲解-第 5 页名词性从句-主语从句1. What is needed for the space trip is careful preparation. 2. Her wish is that she can lose weight soon. 3. I think that woman can reach every high achievements in many fields of science. 4. We were very excited at the news that our team had won. 引导名词性从句的关联词可分为三类： 一从属连
2、词：that（无任何词意）whether, if（均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性）as if ,as though（均表示“好像”，“似乎”）以上在从句中均不充当任何成分 二连接代词：what, who, whom, which，whose, whatever, whoever, whichever(作主宾表定) 三连接副词：when, where, how, why(作状语) I. 主语从句 1.定义：在句子中担当主语的是一个从句,这个从句就叫做主语从句。 2.位置：主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。 3.引导主语从句
3、的关联词： (1)从属连词that,whether,if (在从句中不充当成分，仅起连接作用) That Jack won the match yesterday surprised us. Whether hell come here isnt clear. (此处不能用if) (2)连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever(充当主宾表定) What she did is not known. Whoever comes is welcome. (3)连接副词 where,when,how,why(在从句中
4、充当状语)How this happened is not clear to anyone.When the meeting will be held is decided by our manager.4.有时为了避免头重脚轻，常用it作形式主语，而把真正主语放在句子末尾。How the book will sell depends on its author.= It depends on its author how the book will sell.That he is the best student in the class is obvious.= It is obvious
5、 that he is the best student in the class.用it作形式主语的几种常见结构：(1) It is 名词 从句 It is a fact that 事实是 It is an honor that 非常荣幸It is common knowledge that 是常识(2) It is 形容词 从句It is natural that 很自然 It is strange that 奇怪的是(3) It is 不及物动词 从句It seems that 似乎 It happened that 碰巧It appears that 似乎(4) It 过去分词 从句I
6、t is reported that 据报道 It has been proved that 已证实 It is said that 据说 注意：主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况 (1) if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。(例子见上面) (2) It is said , (reported) 结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：It is said that President Xi will visit our school next week.(3) It happens, It occurs 结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：It occurred to him that he faile
7、d in the examination.(4) It doesnt matter how/whether 结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：It doesnt matter whether he is wrong or not.(5)含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如： Is it likely that it will rain in the evening?5.语序：主语从句用陈述语序。(关联词位于句首不能省略)How he became a great scientist is known to us all.Who the watch belongs to is un
8、known.That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all.6.主语从句中注意的事项：1）主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数。Whatever he says is of no importance.Whoever says this is wrong.但谓语动词用单数还是复数，不可一概而论，而要视句子的意义而定What I need is money.What I need are books.2）what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别：what 引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成分
9、，如主语、宾语、表语，而that则不作任何成分。 What you said yesterday is right.That she is still alive is a consolation.3）it作形式主语和it用于强调句的比较： it作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化；而it用于强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。 主语从句常用it作形式主语，一般常用句型为：It is+名词/形容词/过去分词+主语从句例如： It is still a question wheth
10、er she will come or not.It is strange that you should like him.It is still unknown which team will win the match. 而强调句则不同，它的结构是：It+be+被强调部分+that+从句 强调主语：It is the times that produce their heroes.时势造英雄 强调宾语：It is English that Prof.Lin teaches us.强调状语：It was in shanghai that I saw the film.判断是否是强调句有一个
11、方法，就是将that以后的“句子的其余部分”拿出来单独看，看有没有缺成分，缺的是什么成分，再把谓语动词后面that前面的那部分，带到你认为缺成分的地方，如果放进去是一句完整的句子了，那就说明是强调句。 It is still a mystery what caused the accident.It is a mystery that his death remained.4）whether与ifwhether引导主语从句时,常置于句首(此时whether不能用if代替),也有后移的用法(此时whether可以用if代替)Whether they will come is not yet kn
12、own.It is not yet known whether/if they will go there.whether和if的区别还有： 1. 引导表语从句用whetherThe question is whether you should accept it.2. whether可以引导从句作介词的宾语Im not interested in whether theyll go or not.It depends on whether we have got enough money. 3. whether可以直接跟动词不定式连用I didnt know whether to laugh
13、 or to cry.She hasnt decided whether to go or not.4. 与or not连用时，只能用whether。I dont know whether I should go there or not.随堂练习：1. has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising. A. Who B. The one C. Anyone D. Whoever2. It was he said disappointed me. A. what ; that B. that; that C. what; what
14、D. that; what3. well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where4. he said at the meeting surprised everybody present. A. What B. That C. which D. who5. was to return to school. A. That really interested him B. What really interested him C. Which really interested h
15、im D. That interest him really6._ he made an important speech at the meeting was true. A. That B. Why C. What D. How7. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gray.A. whether B. that C. what D. when8.What I say and think _ none of your business. A. is B. are C. has D have9. Does _ matter if he c
16、ant finish the job on time? A. this B. that C. he D. it10. _ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.A. There B. This C. That D. It11. _ what they told me really true?A. Has B. Is C. Does D. Have12. It matters little _ a man dies, but _ matters much is _ he lives.A. how
17、; what; how B. how; it; how C. why; it; why D. that; what; that13. _ she couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. A. What; why B. That; what C. What; because D. Why; that14. _ fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect. A. What B. That C. This D. Which15. -What made her parents so angry? - _ she had failed in the examination.A. As B. Because C. Since D. That