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1、如有侵权，请联系网站删除，仅供学习与交流名词性从句-讲解(附练习题)【精品文档】第 5 页一、概念：在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses）。 名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。Who will go makes no difference. 谁去都没关系。（ 从句）The trouble is that she has lost his address.麻烦的是她把他的地址搞丢了。（ 从句）They have no id
2、ea at all where he has gone.他们不知道他去什么地方了。（ 从句）Do you remember how he came? 你记得他怎么来的么？（ 从句）二、语序当名词性从句要采用陈述句语序。由一个含疑问意义的连词引起时，必须将该连词放在名词性从句的开头，且该从句语序不能倒装。 What we cant get seems better than what we have.我们得不到的似乎比我们所拥有的要好。Can you make sure where Alice has put the gold ring? 你能肯定爱丽丝放金戒指的地方吗？No one can b
3、e sure what man will look like in a million years. 没有人肯定一百万年后人类会是什么样子。He asked how much I paid for the violin.他问我花了多少钱买这个小提琴。三、时态的呼应名词性从句特别是宾语从句中谓语动词的时态要与主句中谓语动词时态要相呼应，主要有下列几种情况：（1）如果主句中的谓语动词是一般现在时态，从句的谓语动词的时态不受主句谓语动词时态的制约，从句的谓语可根据意思的需要使用任何一种时态。I wonder why Jenny hasnt written us recently. We should
4、 have heard from her by now.我不知道为什么珍妮最近没有给我们写信。我们现在应当收到他的来信了。Im sorry I didnt say anything about it sooner. I certainly think its pretty on you. 对不起，我还没来得及。我认为你穿上当然好看。（2）如果主句的谓语动词是过去时态，从句的谓语动词用过去的相应的某个时态。The police found that the house had been broken into and a lot of things stolen.警察发现有人闯入房子并且很多东西
5、被偷She said she had been waiting for me for a long time.她说她等了我很长时间。I was told that they were designing a new machine.有人告诉我他们在设计一种新机器。They said they would listen to a report on current affairs.他说他们将听关于时事的报告。（3）如果宾语从句是表示客观事实、真理等，不管主句是什么时态，宾语从句一律用一般现在时。Dick asked Lucy how old she is迪克问露斯她多大了。 The teache
6、r said the sun rises in the east老师说太阳从东方升起。四、引导名词性从句的关联词引导名词性从句的关联词大致相同，它们分别是：连词：that, whether, if；关系代词：who, what, which , whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever；关系副词：when, where, how, why, however, whenever, wherever。引导从句时一般不用逗号和主句分开。详细见下表：分类引导词词 义在从句中的作用连词that无任何词义仅起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何句子成分
7、if和whether是否起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何句子成分Because （表从）因为as if / as though （表从）好像，似乎关系代词who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever有各自自身的意义起连接作用，并在从句中充当主、表、宾、定语等关系副词when,where,why,how,however, whenever, wherever有各自自身的意义起连接作用，并在从句中充当状语由上表可总结出：1. 名词性从句引导词的作用：1）都起连接作用，连接主句和从句的作用。2）大部分引导词都
8、有词义（单词本身词义，“that” 除外），用在复合句中表达着相应的需要表达的意思。3）大部分引导词都在从句内部充当相应的语法成分，如：主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语等。2. 名词性从句引导词的选择：1）准确把握复合句要表达句意，看缺不缺相应词意，若缺补上什么词义使其完整，初选引导词。2）细分析从句语法结构，看其缺不缺成分，若缺又缺什么成分，再综合其所缺词意选定答案。例句：1）.It worried her a bit that her hair was turning grey. 她的头发在变白令她有点担忧。（that在从句中只起 作用，不 ）2）.What caused the accide
9、nt is still a complete mystery. 事故发生的原因仍然是个不解之谜。（What在从句中作 ） 3）It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants. （whatever 在从句中作 ）4）It was a matter of who would take the position. （who 在从句中作 ）5）Where she has gone is not known yet. （where 在从句中作 ）3. whether和if的区别（1）whether可以引
10、导discuss和介词宾语从句，而if不能。 I havent settled the question of whether Ill lend him the money. 我还没决定是否把钱借给她。（不能用if） They are talking about whether they will go there.他们正在讨论是否去那里。（不能用if）（2）whether可以应到所有的名词性从句，而if只能引导宾语从句；在引起主语从句时，特别是主语从句在句首时，不能用if，除非是有形式主语it的主语从句。Whether well go camping tomorrow depends on
11、the weather. The question is whether it is worth doing.问题是这值不值得做。我们明天是否去野营要看天气而定。（不能用if）The question whether we need it has not been decided.我们需不需要它还没定。（不能用if）（3）whether后可以直接跟or not或or no，构成whether or not或whether or no，if则不能。但可以说whether/if or not, whether/if or。I dont know whether or not hell come.
12、我不知道他是否会来。（不能用if）He will leave for Paris tomorrow, whether or no.他明天无论如何要动身去巴黎了。（不能用if）I dont care whether/ if you come or not.我不关心你来与否。（4）if 引导的从句可用于否定的谓语，whether引导的从句不用于否定的谓语。I dont care if you wont come.我才不在乎他来不来呢。He doesnt care if you dont pay the money.你付不付钱他不在乎。（5）whether or可以引导让步状语从句，or不可省略；i
13、f可以引导条件状语从句。Whether it snows or not, I will go there by bike.不论明天下不下雪，我都骑车去。 If he had been given more time, he could have done it much better. 如果给他更多的时间，他会做得更好。（6）whether可以和不定式连用，而if不能。He didnt know whether to get married or to wait.他不知道是现在结婚还是等等再说。They havent decided whether to go there or not.他们还
14、没决定去不去。巧记whether与if异同“whether”与“if”都可表“是否”，是常考内容。下面的顺口溜可帮你记住其异同。主从表从同位从，if不用whether用；discuss和介词后，whether引宾从；不定式、or not后面跟，whether独能显神通；宾从如是否定句，if发挥其功用；避免歧义要慎重，其它情况可换用。五、各从句祥析（一）主语从句主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。1. 主语从句位置放在主句谓语动词之前：Whether she will come or not is still a question
15、. 她是否会来仍是一个问题。That they will go is certain.他们去是肯定的。What he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.他在会议上的发言时所有入会者吃惊。2. 主要是为了平衡句子结构，由形式主语it代替，而从句本身放在句子末尾。用it 作形式主语的结构（1）It is/was +形容词+that 从句 Its natural that 很自然 Its obvious that 显而易见 Its fortunate that 幸运的是 Its (im)possible（不）可能 Its unlikel
16、y that 不可能 Its strange that奇怪的是（2）It is/was +名词+that 从句 Its a pity that 遗憾的是 Its a fact that 事实是 Its good news that是好消息 Its a wonder that不足为奇 Its an honour that 非常荣幸 Its a shame that真是可耻 Its common knowledge that 是常识（3）It +不及物动词+that 从句 It seems that 似乎 It happened that碰巧 It appears that看来 It turns
17、out that结果（4）It is/was +过去分词+that 从句 Its not known that不得而知 Its said that 据说 Its reported that 据报道 Its decided that尚未决定 Its believed that 据认为 Its announced that据宣布 It suddenly struck me (occur to me that 我突然想到（感觉到）（5）其他 It doesnt matter 是无关紧要的 It makes no difference 毫无区别 It is of little consequence
18、that无关紧要例句：It is a pity that she has made such a mistake. 她犯这样的错误是令人遗憾的事。Its strange that he didnt come yesterday. 他昨天没来是很奇怪的。It is reported that the number of wild animals in Africa is decreasing.It is said that there was a terrible plane crash this morning.注意：It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为
19、了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。例如： a) It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film. 你不去看那场电影真可惜。 b) It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not.我对你成功与否不感兴趣。 c) It is in the morning that the murder took place.谋杀案是在早上发生的。（强调句型） d) It is John
20、 that broke the window.是John打碎的窗户。（强调句型）（二）宾语从句宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句的位置与陈述句基本结构中的宾语相同。宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可以作介词和非谓语动词（动词不定式、动名词、分词）和某些形容词的宾语。通常放在主句谓语动词 (及物动词) 或介词之后。1. 作动词的宾语(1) 由that引导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略), 例如： I heard that be joined the army. 我听说他参军了。(2) 由what, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句，例如： a
21、) She did not know what had happened.她不知道发生了什么。 b) I wonder whether you can change this note for me.我想知道你是否能帮我改一下笔记。(3) 动词间接宾语宾语从句。例如： She told me that she would accept my invitation.她对我说她会接受我的邀请。2. 作介词的宾语，例如： Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.我们的成功取决于我们之间的合作。3. 作形容
22、词的宾语，例如：I am afraid (that) Ive made a mistake.我恐怕我已经犯了一个错误。注意：that 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从句。I am not cer
23、tain whether I have met him before.我不能肯定从前是否见过他。Im sorry (that) youre ill.你病了，我很难过。4. it充当形式宾语，真正的宾语（宾语从句）后置。正如我们常用it充当形式主语代替主语从句一样，我们也常用it用作形式宾语代替宾语从句，把真正的宾语从句后置。特别是带复合宾语的句子中。在这种结构中that不可省略。有下列几种情况：（1）在believe, consider, declare, estimate, fancy, feel, find, guess,hear, imagine, know, make, prove,
24、reckon, think, understand 等动词接复合宾语（宾语宾补）时，要用it作形式宾语。We find it difficult that we should finish the work on time我发现我们按时完成工作有困难。 She thinks it wrong that he didnt answer the phone她认为他不接电话是不对的。 （2）在like，enjoy，love，hate, 等表“喜怒哀乐”的动词，后若要跟宾语从句时，需跟形式宾语 it。I hate it when people talk with their mouths full.我
25、不喜欢人们满口饭说话。 I like it that everyone passed the exam都通过了考试我很喜欢。 （3）由动词和介词构成的短语动词后接 that 宾语从句时，要用形式宾语。 We are thinking of it that well lend you some money我正在考虑借给你钱的事。I shall see to it that he is taken good care of when you are absent.你不在的时候我负责把他照顾好。（4）用于“动词+宾语+介词短语”的句型中。Keep it in mind that you have t
26、o be home by ten oclock.要记住你得十点钟之前回家。We took it for granted that he would come.我们认为他来是当然的。5. 否定转移与省略（1）如果主句的谓语动词是“think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, reckon, imagine等，主语是第一人称的一般现在时态，其后的宾语从句如含有否定意义，一定要把否定词一道主句谓语上，从句谓语动词用肯定形式。I dont think he can do it better than me.我想他不会比我干得好。I d
27、ont believe he treated the child like that.我相信他不会那样对待孩子的。（2）如果think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, reckon, imagine等前有副词或表示强调的do, does, did；或者同其它词构成并列谓语；或者不以现在时出现；或者用作插入语中。这时候不用否定转移。 I really expect she didnt say that to him.我确实希望她不和他说那件事。 I think and hope that he wont be deceived
28、 by the man.我认为也希望他不会被那个人欺骗。（3）think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, reckon, imagine等此类动词后，在简略答语中，用 so 替代前文肯定的宾语从句；若替代一个否定的宾语从句，用 not 或 notso 替代前文整个从句。-I believe weve met somewhere before我认为我们从前在哪见过。-No，I dont think so没有，我认为我们以前没见过。-Do you think its going to rain over the weekend？
29、你认为这周末会下雨吗？-I believe not我认为不会。注意：hope 只能说 I hope not 一种形式，因为 hope 不能否定转移。（三）.表语从句表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语连系动词表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。另外，常用的还有the reason is that 和It is because 等结构。例如：1) The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.2) This is
30、 why we cant get the support of the people.3) But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.4) The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.5）It looked as if it was going to snow.6）Thats because we never thought of it.（四）.同位语从句同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。它一般跟在抽象名词fact，i
31、dea，news，hope，belief，thought，truth，doubt，suggestion，warning, instruction，reason，information, question等之后，对这些名词进行说明或解释。引导同位语从句的词除连词that，whether外，还有关系代词what, which, who, 以及关系副词how，when，where，why等。1. 同位语从句的功能：同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导，例如： 1) The kings decision that the prisoner would be set fr
32、ee surprised all the people. 2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.2. 同位语在句子中的位置：同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。例如： He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别(1) 定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句
33、的作用，不充当句中任何成分。(2) 定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述定的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如：1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。）（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。）（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分）（3）引导定语从句的wh
34、en，where是关系副词，不但在句中充当句子成分，还有与其含义相当的先行词；而引导同位语从句的when，where是关系副词，虽可以在从句中充当句子成分，但没有与之含义相当的先行词。Gone forever are the days when Chinese people were bullied.中国人民受欺侮的时候一去不复返了。(定语从句，the days与when构成含义相当的搭配关系)I have no idea when he will be back.我不知道他什么时候回来。(同位语从句，idea与when在含义上没有任何搭配关系)基础题1_he does has nothing
35、 to do with me. A. whatever B. No matter what C. That D. If2. The manager came over and asked the customer how_ A. did the quarrel came about B .the quarrel had come about C. had the quarrel come about D. had the quarrel come about3. Energy is _makes thing work. A. what B. something C. anything D. t
36、hat4. Information has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. A. while B. that C. when D. as5. This is _the Shenzhou V Spaceship landed. A. there B. in which C. where D. when6. They have no idea at all_. A. where he has gone B. where did he go C. which pla
37、ce has he gone D. where has he gone 7. The doctor did a lot to reduce the patients fear _he would die of the disease. A.that B. which C. of which D. of that 8. The order came _the soldiers _the small village the next morning. A. that ;had to leave B. that; should leave C. /; must leave D. when; shou
38、ld leave9. _is no possibility _Bob can win the first prize in the match. A. There; that B. It; that C. there; whether D. It; whether10. The question came up at the meeting_ we had enough money for our research. A. that B. which C. whether D. if 11. Is _he said really true? A. that B. what C. why D.
39、whether12._the meeting should last two days or three days doesnt matter. A. That B. Whether C. If D. Where13. It worried her a bit _her hair was turning gray. A. while B. if C. that D. for 14. _more countries can use natural energy in the future remains to be seen. A. Whether B. This C. who D. If 15
40、._he will go to work in a mountain village surprises all of us. A. What B. That C. Whether D. If 16. _you dont like him is none of my business. A. What B. That C. Who D. How17._all the inventions have in common is _they have succeeded. A. What; what B. That; that C. what; that D. That ; what 18. _ap
41、peared to me that he enjoyed the food very much. A. What B. It C. All that D. That19. It is widely _that smoking can cause cancer. A. believed B. think C. say D. hoped 20. _caused the accident is still a complete mystery. A. What B. That C. How D. Where强化题1: They are teachers and dont realize _ to s
42、tart and run a company. A. what takes it B. what they took C. what it takes D. what takes them 2: In order to encourage the workers to work hard, the manager decides to award _ produces the most in the factory. A. who B. whom C. whomever D. whoever 3: On stepping into the office, the girl was fright
43、ened to find that the whole office was filled with _ looked like tiny worms. A. that B. something C. what D. anything 4: _Tom was worried about seemed clearly to the whole family. A. what B. Which C. That D. How 5: The teacher usually graded the students on _they have done. A. that B. what C. which
44、D. how 6: We never doubt _ our school team will win the match against No 3 Mid-school.A. weather B. that C. if D. what 7: _ we can find from the following, the number of students dropping out is going down. A. what B. it C. as D. that 8: Will you see to _ you brother is OK at home while we are out o
45、n work. A. this if B. it that C. it weather D. that weather 9: To those scientists, it still remains to be a question _ man can go back to the old days with time machine. A. if B. that C. how D. weather 10: When woken up, he found he was standing on _ seemed to be a small piece of rock.A. that B. what C. which D. it 12: -What about your TEFL