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1、-写作88句修炼-第 34 页引入写作背景首段第1句“现在”简单句句型为：Nowadays,学习开始啦！15句逻辑框架真经之第1句，引入写作背景。我们有无数种句型和方式来写首句，但是贪多嚼不烂，精练2种句型即可在考场上快速准确下笔，应对所有考题。首句写作的要点是简洁、无错。你喜欢看啰啰嗦嗦、花里胡哨的前沿背景介绍吗？首句第一种：“现在”简单句。句型为：Nowadays,NO.1现在，全球化趋势日渐明显。Nowadays, the trend of globalization is becoming increasingly prominent.Nowadays可以用currently 或是 r
2、ecently 替换。is becoming 可以用 has become 替换。become 的过去分词还是become。Prominent 可以用evident、obvious或是clear 替换。NO.2现在，老年人口越来越多。Nowadays, the population of elder people is growing larger and larger.Population 在这里比用number 好。注意large 侧重“数量、程度”；而 big 侧重“体积、块头”。NO.3最近，远程教学变得越来越流行。Recently, distance learning has bec
3、ome more and more popular.讲解下划线可以用E-learning, online study替换。NO.4最近几年，文化艺术在我们的生活中起到越来越重要的作用。In recent years, culture and art have played an increasingly important role in our life.讲解culture 指“文化”总称时不可数；指“不同的文化”可数，如different cultures。主语是并列结构时，谓语动词通常用复数。our life中life指“生活”，通常不可数。指“生命，生活方式”时，可数。NO.5现在，一
4、些发达国家花很多钱发展太空旅游。参考答案Currently, some advanced countries have spent a great deal of money in developing space tourism.讲解注意spend 的过去分词是spent。注意词组：spend time/money on sth./in doing sth.2.交代辩论 首段第2句-whether从句Whether从句精练2种whether从句即可在考场上快速下笔，应对所有考题。从句写作是考生最易犯错失分的地方，应格外小心仔细。切记口诀：you can you up, no can no b
5、b.句型第一种：However, whetheris a hot issue.句型第二种：Discussion now centres on whether注意whether不要写成weather。NO.1但是，是否手机带来的坏处多于好处，导致了激烈的争议。参考答案However, whether mobile phones bring more disadvantages than advantages is a hot issue.讲解注意下划线部分为主语从句，whether后面主谓宾完整。NO.2但是，是否大学应该强调职场技能的培训，这是一个热点话题。参考答案However, wheth
6、er universities should give top priority to providing job-related skills is a hot issue.注意句中to是介词，不是不定时。NO.3但是，是否提升油价就能促进环保，导致了激烈的争议。参考答案However, whether raising the fuel price can promote environmental protection is a hot issue.讲解试试用Discussion now centres on whether来改写？ NO.4但是，是否科技发展加速了贫富分化，这是一个热点话
7、题。However, discussion now centres on whether the technology development accelerates the polarization between the rich and the poor.讲解注意whether 在这里引导介词on 后面的宾语从句。“加速贫富分化”也可以翻译成：widens the gap between the rich and the poor.NO.5但是，是否野生动物被过度保护，这是一个热点话题。参考答案However, discussion now centres on whether wild
8、 animals have been overprotected.讲解注意被动语态的使用。3.表达自己全文立场首段第3句-表语从句 My view is that只需练熟一种表语从句：My view is that即可。当然你可以写成：From my point of view, I firmly believe that。句型没错，有凑字数的优势，但不精简。NO.1我的观点是，A比B更重要。My view is that A is more important than B.讲解下划线部分可以省略。NO.2我的观点是，A不能完全取代B。My view is that A cannot com
9、pletely replace B.讲解注意cannot的连写，正式。注意副词completely的位置，放在句末也可以。NO.3我的观点是，这两种方式都有价值。参考答案My view is that both ways have their own values.讲解注意value可数。Show positive life values 表达积极的人生观价值。NO.4我的观点是，这种方法可能在短期内是有效果的。参考答案My view is that this method may be effective in the short term. 讲解注意反义词：in the long term
10、/run。NO.5我的观点是，这不仅仅是政府的责任。参考答案My view is that this cannot be the responsibility of the government alone.讲解也可翻译为：My view is that this is not only the governments responsibility.主体段首句-中心句抽象、简洁、鲜明的，不宜过于复杂、具体中心句应该是抽象、简洁、鲜明的，不宜过于复杂、具体。所以我们可以直接用简单句写出主体段第1句，即该段中心句。当然也可以选择经典主语从句：firstly, it is clear that; 这
11、个句型和直接写简单句相比，虽然冲击力不够，但贡献了全篇作文的语法复杂性和字数。NO.1多元文化社会有助于促进经济繁荣。参考答案The multicultural society contributes to promoting the economic prosperity.讲解Contribute to 后面加名词或动名词。Make contributions to 后一样加名词形式。还可以翻译成：helps (to) prosper the economy,注意prosper 做动词，指“使繁荣：。NO.2政府可以大力发展低碳经济。参考答案Governments can make grea
12、t efforts to develop low-carbon economy.讲解注意low-carbon一词在环保类作文中的使用。Low-carbon lifestyle, low-carbon technology, low-carbon society.NO.3激烈的现代职场竞争是一个诱因（contributing factor）.参考答案The fierce competition in the modern job market is a contributing factor.讲解The fierce competition 可以用 the keen competition 替换
13、。NO.4首先，很显然，博物馆起到收藏保存文物的功能。参考答案Firstly, it is clear that museums play a role in collecting an preserving historic relics.讲解学习relic 一词。下划线部分可省略；直接变成简单句。NO.5首先，很显然，远程教学更加便利和灵活。参考答案Firstly, it is obvious that distance learning is more convenient and flexible.讲解下划线部分是该句真正的主语，因为太长，为避免头重脚轻，所以放在了后面。前面增加了形式
14、主语it。5.主体段论证句-原因论证This is because中心句之后，需要具体、详实的展开，或用复杂的逻辑关系来解释、说明、支持中心。这时候就是各种从句大显身手的时机。我总结了13种论证功能句型，希望大家能逐一学习掌握，不仅雅思写作无忧，将来留学论文也会受益无穷。句型：this is becauseNO.1这是因为建筑风格反映了一个名族的文化特点和历史习俗。参考答案This is because architectural style can reflect the cultural characteristics and historic customs of a nation.讲解
15、注意下划线部分不能用because 代替。NO.2这是因为低碳经济是一种对环境友好的、可持续发展的模式。This is because low-carbon economy is an eco-friendly and sustainable development model.讲解economy不可数；economics指“经济学”。NO.3这是因为外企不仅能带来资金，还能带来先进技术和管理经验。参考答案This is because foreign companies can bring not only funds but also advanced technologies and m
16、anagement experiences.讲解注意not onlybut also后面的语法成分一致。NO.4这是因为获得医疗保障是每个公民和纳税人的基本权利。参考答案This is because receiving health care is the basic right of every citizen and taxpayer.讲解注意every 后面的名词可加可数名词单数。NO.5这是因为孩子有很强烈的好奇心和模仿能力，而且不能区分对错。参考答案This is because children have strong curiosity and imitation abilit
17、y and they cannot distinguish right from wrong.讲解注意细微差别：distinguish A from B, 指 A 是所选的，B 是摒弃掉的。而distinguish between A and B,指A和B都是要区分识别的，平级。6.主体段论证句-结果论证主体段展开-结果论证This means that 中心句表达意思之后，承接推导下来会导致什么样的结果？和原因论证的思维方向相反，我们可以构思写出结果论证，或推导论证。句型：this means thatNO.1这意味着人们之间的感情纽带会越来越弱。参考答案This means that th
18、e emotional bonds among people will become weaker and weaker.讲解学习family bonds,亲情。NO.2这意味着父母可能会经常加班，陪孩子一起玩耍的时间减少。参考答案This means that parents may often work overtime and have less time to play with their children.讲解注意并列结构的准确性。NO.3这意味着科技会促进生产力提高，进而创造更多的社会财富。参考答案This means that the technology can promot
19、e the productivity and then create more social wealth.“进而”也可以用非限制性定语从句which 来表达递进。NO.4这意味着改变不是一个个人的选择，而是一个无法逃避的生活现实。参考答案This means that changes is not a personal option, but an inescapable fact of life. 讲解：来自剑6168页，官方范文。NO.5这意味着幸福没有一个客观的判断指标，而只是一个人的主观感受。参考答案This means that there are no objective cri
20、teria of happiness, but only a persons subjective feelings.讲解注意criteria 是复数名词，因此用there are7.主体段论证句-反向论证主体段展开-反向论证If (not) , 中心句之后，如果原因、结果都很难有思路，我们可以试试反向论证。拓展思维的方式是：如果你不同意我的中心观点，那么会导致什么样的不好后果？句型：if ( not ) , NO.1如果警察不被容许配枪，他们就没有足够的能力阻止一些暴力犯罪。参考答案If the police are not allowed to be equipped with guns,
21、 they will not have enough capabilities to prevent some violent crimes.讲解: the police 是集合名词，复数。NO.2如果人们只依赖于网络去联系彼此，那么我们会变得越来越冷漠和孤独。参考答案If people only rely on the internet to keep contact with each other, then we will become more and more indifferent and lonely.讲解rely on 可以用depend on 替换。Keep contact
22、with 可以用connect 替换。学习indifferent 一词。注意lonely a是形容词。NO.3如果学生没有掌握分析和解决复杂问题的能力，他们将在职场上缺乏竞争力。参考答案If students do not acquire the ability of analyzing and solving complex problems, they will lack competitiveness in the workplace.讲解lack也可做名词，通常为lack of, 如：The lack of competitiveness in the workplace is the
23、 main reason.NO.4如果政府不重视文化艺术领域的投资，人民的精神生活品质将不会 提升。参考答案If governments do not pay attention to the investment in culture and arts, the quality of peoples spiritual life will not be improved.讲解注意介词固定搭配invest in。NO.5如果大量女性被鼓励加入了军队，那么同样数量的男性会接替他们的工作去照料家庭。参考答案If a lot of females are encouraged to join the
24、 army, then the same number of males will take their places to look after the family.讲解可以考虑虚拟语气使用。学习短语使用take ones place取代某人的职务，工作。8.主体段论证句-具体论证主体段展开-具体论证When/if/once , 中心句之后，可以用大家都比较熟悉的when引导状语从句，来具体展开论证。句型：When/if/once , NO.1当我们穿着时尚时，我们会感觉更加的自信和快乐。参考答案When we dress ourselves in fashion, we may feel
25、 more confident and happier.讲解: 注意形容词比较级的准确使用。NO.2当油价上涨时，人们会自发地少开车，多乘公交地铁。参考答案When fuel prices go up, people will voluntarily drive less and take the bus and subway more.讲解注意亮点词汇voluntarily。When 可以换成if 。NO.3当孩子进入学校，他们就开始学习如何与不同社会背景的人相处。参考答案When children go to school, they begin to learn how to get a
26、long with people from different social backgrounds.讲解注意常用词组的运用。NO.4当我们参观一个新地方时，我们会体验和学习不同的文化、生活和思维方式。参考答案When we visit a new place, we can experience and learn various cultures, lifestyles and ways of thinking.讲解: experience做动词是亮点。NO.5一旦许多大公司搬迁到郊区，市区的人口和交通压力就能得到缓解。参考答案Once many large companies move
27、to the suburb, the population and traffic pressure of the downtown will be alleviated.讲解alleviated可以用released替换。release pressure 释放缓解压力。companies可以用firms替换。9.主体段论证句-举例论证主体段展开-举例论证For example,中心句之后常见的论证方式之一：我举个例子。要注意例子要恰当、有共性，识读者熟知的。句型：For example,NO.1例如，在多元文化的城市里，人们可以看美国大片，吃日本寿司，和法国红酒，穿意大利时装。参考答案For
28、 example, in multicultural cities, people can watch American blockbusters, eat Japanese sushi, drink French wine and wear Italian clothes.讲解注意并列举例，增加说服力。NO.2例如，从太空探索事业发展出来的气象卫星和卫星定位技术，已经让每一位普通人收益。参考答案For example, meteorological satellites and GPS developed from space exploration have benefited every
29、 ordinary person.讲解过去分词developed是that are developed 的简化。NO.3例如，我们可以大力开发绿色能源，比如太阳能、风能和潮汐能源。参考答案For example, we can make great efforts to exploit green energy such as solar, wind and tidal energy.讲解energy 可以用power替换。NO.4例如，肯德基的广告只强调食品的美味，从不提及垃圾食品的潜在危害。参考答案For example, the advertisements of KFC only em
30、phasize how delicious their products are, but never mention the potential harm of junk food.讲解注意下划线从句的正常语序。NO.5例如，很多迪士尼的经典动画传递和培养了孩子们诚实、勇敢的美德。参考答案For example, many classic Disney animations have conveyed and cultivated childrens virtues, such as honesty and courage.讲解animations 可以用 cartoons 替换 。10.主
31、体段论证句-对比论证主体段展开-对比论证 While/Although, 中心句之后，可以选择对比论证或让步论证，来凸显中心句表达思想之重要。句型：While/Although, NO.1当传统家庭观念强调关爱、分享和服从，现代人似乎更提倡自由、自我和独立。参考答案While traditional families give top priority to care, sharing and obedience, modern citizens mainly enjoy freedom, ego and independence.讲解：学习句子中的抽象名词。NO.2当成年人在追求和平消除战争
32、的时候，我们的孩子在兴致勃勃的在电脑上玩着战争游戏和谈论各种里面的武器。参考答案While adults pursuing peace and eliminating wars, our children are enjoying in playing the war game on computers and talking about various arms in it.讲解注意enjoy in doing sth.NO.3虽然远程教育让学生能随时随地学习，但是它不能完全取代传统学校的地位。参考答案While the distant learning enables student to
33、 study anywhere and anytime, it cannot completely replace traditional schools.讲解注意指代的正确使用。NO.4虽然经济发展让我们的生活更加舒适，它也导致社会财富两级分化。参考答案While the development of the economy enables us to live a more comfortable life, it also leads to the polarization of the social wealth.讲解life 作为“生活方式”，可数。Live a good life;
34、 lead a better life 都可以。NO.5虽然传统老建筑从外观看起来很优雅，但是它们通常不是很实用。参考答案While traditional old buildings seem to be elegant from the outside, they are usually not practical.10.主体段论证句-对比论证主体段展开-对比论证that/which/who还有一种从句可以实现对比论证的功能：定语从句。用来表达正方双方优劣势。运用恰当，会让文章读来夹叙夹议。句型：that/which/whoNO.1面授课培养了交流和合作能力，这是远程教学所不能提供的。参考
35、答案Face-to-face teaching cultivates students abilities of communication and cooperation which cannot be provided by the distance learning.讲解provided可以用offered替换。NO.2妇女通常拥有温柔、耐心和善解人意个性特点，这些人大多数男性所不具备的。Women usually have personalities such as tenderness, patience and sympathy which most men do not have
36、.讲解注意词性的正确。NO.3老员工通常有着丰富的工作经验和行业人脉，这是职场新人所缺乏的。参考答案Old employees usually have rich work experience and connections which freshmen are lacks of.讲解如果“人脉”不会翻译怎么办？要么直接去掉，要么换个意思，比如skills,技能。NO.4酒后驾车所造成的事故比老年人超龄驾车造成的事故多得多。参考答案Accidents that are caused by driving after drinking are much more than those that
37、 are resulted from the overage driving by senior citizens.讲解两个that are 都可以省略。NO.5机器人可以几分钟内无错地完成人工需要几个月才能完成的工作量。参考答案The workload that could take months to finish by manual labor could be done flawlessly by robots in minutes.讲解workload 可以用task, job, work等替换。flawlessly可以用without any mistakes 替换。11.主体段论
38、证句-事实论证主体段展开-事实论证The face thatshows that用一个事实来论证中心观点。我们通常使用the fact 后面加上that引导的同位语从句开始。句型：The face thatshows thatNo.1公司追求利润最大化，这一事实意味着媒体公司的报道可能会偏离事实，误导大众。参考答案The fact that firms pursue the maximization of profits shows that reports of media companies may deviate from the truth and mislead the public
39、.讲解deviate 可以用distort “扭曲”替代。当单词不会的时候，可以换个相似的说法，比如hide/disguise the truth.No.2我们有着不同的语言，这一事实证明了我们有着不同的文化。参考答案The fact that we have different languages proves that we have various cultures.讲解proves可以用means, indicates, demonstrates等代替。No.3一些国家的空气净化器销售越来越好，这一事实说明那里的环境状态越来越差。参考答案The fact that the sales
40、of air purifiers in some countries are getting better and better shows that the environment condition there is becoming worse and worse.讲解注意比较级对仗修辞使用。No.4电影和电视缺乏分级制度，这一事实意味着儿童很容易看到不适宜的内容。参考答案The fact that there is no rating system in films and TV programs shows that children are easily exposed to un
41、suitable contents.讲解unsuitable 可以用improper, questionable 代替。No.5城市道路越来越拥堵，这一事实意味着人们的生活质量和幸福感下降。参考答案The fact that the traffic jam of city roads is getting more and more serious shows the decline of peoples life quality and sense of happiness.讲解shows后也可写成：that the peoples life quality and sense of hap
42、piness are declining.12.主体段论证句-表达论证主体段观点-宾语从句Some people think that,在一篇雅思议论文中的主体中，其实只有两个写作技能：一、表达观点（正方的、反方的、自己的）；二、论证观点。而在表达观点的时候，宾语从句使用频率很高。句型：Some people think that,No.1一些教育学家认为男孩和女孩应该不同的方式教育。参考答案Some educationists think that we should adopt different ways to teach boys and girls.参考答案注意adopt和adapt
43、 to的区别。No.2另一些人认为金钱是对穷国最直接的援助方式。参考答案Other people think that money is the most direct way to aid poor countries.讲解：Aid可以用help替换。No.3我认为结合两者的优势是最明智的做法。参考答案I think it is the wisest method to combine the advantages of both sides.讲解that引导宾语从句可省略。No.4这并不是说我们不应该严厉惩罚犯罪。参考答案This is not to say that we should
44、not punish criminals severly.讲解该句型通常用在让步段落的首句。No.5这并不是说我们可以忽视慈善机构的重要作用。参考答案That is not to say that we can neglect the important functions of charities.讲解neglect可以用ignore, underestimate 等代替。13.主体段论证句-表达递进主体段论证-递进拓展 , which ,要想让一个句子变长，表达更丰富的意思，很实用的方法就是使用逗号加which引导的非限制性定语从句，表达思想的递进延生。一定花时间领悟掌握，并在写作和口语中
45、运用自如。句型：, which ,No.1手机促进了人们的交流和信息的分享，这提高了整个社会的工作效率。参考答案Mobile phones promote peoples communication and information sharing, which raises the work efficiency of the whole society.讲解在这个句型中，which指代前面整个句子，后面的谓语是单数。No.2长期生活在噪音环境中会导致心情烦躁和睡眠不良等各种问题，这危害了我们的身心健康。参考答案Living in a noisy environment for a long
46、time will lead to upset, insomnia and other problems, which harms our physical and mental health.讲解insomnia可以用poor sleep 代替。harms可以用endangers, jeopardizes代替。No.3乡村生活会让现代人放慢生活节奏，亲近自然，这对我们的身心健康有益。The rural life enables modern people to slow their paces and get close to the nature, which is beneficial to our physical and mental health.讲解Is beneficial to 可以用benefits 做动词来代替。No.4如果油价上涨，那么人们将会减少用车，这对减少环境污染有意义。参考答案