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1、,1.作表语,2.作定语,现 在 分 词,3.作宾补,4.作状语,三.V-ing作表语,We are learning English. The story is interesting. My job is teaching English.,动名词作表语,现在分词作表语,动词进行时,=Teaching English is my job.,动名词作表语用来说明主语的内容，与主语是同一个概念，表语和主语的位置可互换。,His hobby is painting. The news is inspiring.,区别动名词与现在分词：,动名词作表语用来说明主语的具体内容。,现在分词作表语是用来表
2、示主语所具有的 特征，有的已变成了形容词，主语和表语的 位置不能互换。,翻译下列句子： 我们的工作就是演奏各种音乐。 Our job is _. 2. 他们演奏的音乐史如此的令人兴奋。 The music they are playing is _.,playing all kinds of music,so exciting,四 V-ing作定语现在分词,现在分词作定语，被修饰的词与V-ing之间有一种逻辑上的主谓关系，相当于一个定语从句。 当现在分词单独作定语时，放在所修饰的名词前；如果是现在分词短语作定语，则放在所修饰的名词后。,The girl crying in the classr
3、oom is my desk mate. The crying girl is my desk mate.,The tower _ the warring states is well worth visiting. dated from B. dated back from C. dating from D. to date from,The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be sme
4、lt,(1) a walking man,(2) a walking stick,=a man who is walking,= a stick for walking,Whats the difference between (1) and (2)?,V-ing作定语时，现在分词与动名词区别：,a waiting room a waiting man,= a room for waiting,= a man who is waiting,现在分词作定语时，它和被修饰的词之间有有种逻辑上的主谓关系，相当于一个定语从句,而动名词作定语时，与被修饰的词之间没有这种关系，它仅仅表示一种用途，“作用”
5、相当于一个for引导的介词短语,Translate the following phrases.,a reading room,a washing machine,an exciting evening,an interesting crosstalk,阅览室,洗衣机,激动人心的夜晚,有趣的相声,1.What _ bears they are! (charm) 2.What a/an _ idea the ad has. 3. The bears _ are content with their life. 4.The bears _ make cocacola more popular.,D
6、escribe the bears with V-ing used as attribute,charming,enjoying cocacola,drinking cocacola,skiing on the ice,surprising/inspiring,五 V-ing形式作宾语补足语,V-ing形式作宾补时，它与宾语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，即宾语是其逻辑上的主语。S+V+O+C,I heard the girl singing in the classroom.,We have the fire burning all day.,I noticed a long queue outsid
7、e the bank waiting for it to open.,The baby watched his dad shaving his face with great interest.,动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。,1. 能跟-ing形式作宾语补足语的常见动词有：,“五让、三看、两听、一注意、一发现、一感觉”。简单又好记！,make, let, have, keep, leave, look at, see, watch, hear, listen to, notice, find, feel 等。,怎么记？,H
8、e looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting,1. I saw them _(force) the door open with a hammer. 2. We heard them _ (quarrel) about money after the concert; they looked very angry. 3. I heard him _ (drop) lots of coins into the
9、 collecting tin.,forcing,quarreling,dropping,Practice:,2.有些动词词组，如：regard, describe, accept, think of, look on等之后可由as引出V-ing形式作宾补。,They describe the cartoon as being attractive.,分词作状语,表示动作发生的条件、原因、结果、让步、时间、方式或伴随等，通常相当于一个状语从句或并列分句。 一般说来，这种结构的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。,六 分词作状语,作状语时，选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键 看主句的主语。如分词的动作是主句的主
10、语 发出，就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。,If you use your head, youll find a good way. Using your head, youll find a good way. If I am invited,Ill go to your party. Invited,Ill go to your party.,条件状语,作条件状语一般放在句首,作条件状语一般放在句首,原因状语,作原因状语一般放在句首,作原因状语一般放在句首,Because he was poor , he couldnt afford a TV set. Being poor, he c
11、ouldnt afford a TV set. Because he was satisfied with his job,he had a big smile on his face. Satisfied with his job,he had a big smile on his face.,让步状语,作让步状语一般放在句首,作让步状语一般放在句首,Though he studied hard, he didnt pass the exam. Studying hard, he didnt pass the exam. Though he was born in a poor family
12、,he was optimistic. Born in a poor family, he was optimistic.,时间状语,作时间状语一般放在句首,作时间状语一般放在句首,While I was walking in the street, I saw a tailors shop. Walking in the street,I saw a tailors shop. When she was surrounded by a mad dog, she was very frightened and screamed. Surrounded by a mad dog,she was
13、very frightened and screamed.,在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用。 _ the book, I find it useful. 由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧。 _ for a long time, the book looks old.,Used,Using,从上面看,体育场好像一个鸟巢。 _ from the top, the stadium looks like a bird nest. A. Seeing B. Seen 从太空看, 宇航员看不到长城。 _ from the space, the astronaut can not discover t
14、he Great Wall. A. Seeing B. Seen,Four people entered the room and looked around in a curious way. Four people entered the room,looking The teacher came into the classroom and was followed by some students. The teacher came into the classroom, followed by some students.,并列句,作伴随状语多放于句末,He came running
15、 back to tell me the news. His father died, and this left the family even worse off. His father died, leaving the family even worse off.,方式状语或结果状语,作方式状语或结果多放于句末,Four people entered the room and looked around in a curious way. Four people entered the room,looking The teacher came into the classroom a
16、nd was followed by some students. The teacher came into the classroom, followed by some students.,并列句,作伴随状语多放于句末,分词作状语时的时态和语态：,1）分词的时态：2）分词的语态,一般式: doing done 完成式:having done having been done,1）一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生。 1. Hearing the news, he jumped with joy. 2. Surrounded by the students, the teacher was an
17、swering questions one by one.,2）完成时表示动作发生在谓语动词之前。,_ a reply, he decided to write again. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received 可理解为：Because he had not received a reply, he decided to write again.,1.As he had finished his homework, he went out. =Having finished h
18、is homework, he went out. 2.Because she had not got a reply, she decided to write to him again. =Not having got a reply, she decided to write to him again.,完成被动式：having been done 表示动作发生在谓语动词之前且含被动意义 (现代英语中往往用过去分词done替代) Having been praised for his job, Tom worked harder. =Praised for his job, Tom wo
19、rked harder.,_ by a snake, she was frightened at it. A. Being bitten B. Bitten C. Having been bitten D. both B and C,一、有些惯用的v-ing形式不表示句子主语的动作，而是表示说话人的态度、观点等。可当作一个插入语 generally speaking 一般说来 strictly speaking 严格说来 frankly speaking 坦白地说 judging from/by 根据来判断 considering 考虑到 supposing 假如，如果,几点注意,1. Gen
20、erally speaking, boys are more interested in science than girls. 一般说，男孩比女孩对科学更感兴趣。 2. Judging from his accent, he must come from Canada. 从他的口音看，他一定来自加拿大。 3. Considering his age, he did it quite well. 考虑到他的年龄，他做得很好了。 4. Supposing it rains， what will you do？ 假使下雨，你会怎么办呢？,二、分词作状语时，可以根据需要在其前加上when, whil
21、e, before, after, until, once, though, although, unless, as if, even if, as long as等 Once losing this chance, you cant easily find it. 2. If allowed to read in the reading room, you should keep quiet. 3. When leaving the station, he waved again and again to me.,三、 当表示分词的动作一发生，主句的动作 随之也发生时，可以使用“on动名词
22、”的结构，翻译成“一就”, 能够用于这种用法的动词都是瞬间动词；如look, hear, see, open, close等。 Hearing the news, they couldnt help jumping. = On hearing the news, they couldnt help jumping. _ _ the case, I saw the bird fly out of it. 一打开这个盒子，我看到有只鸟飞出来。,On opening,Revision:,_ is believing. 眼见为实。 In the summer we enjoy _(坐) under t
23、he big tree. Her job is _(照顾婴儿）。 The story is _(有趣的)。 How can you keep her _(等待) in the rain. The man _ (站在那里）is my father.,Finish the sentences.,Seeing,sitting,taking care of the babies,interesting,waiting,standing over there,主语,宾语,表语（动名词）,表语（现在分词）,宾语补足语,定语,句型转换： When he heard the news, he jumped w
24、ith joy. _ the news, he jumped with joy. 2. As she was ill, she went home. _ ill, she went home. 3. The girl came in and she smiled. The girl came in _. She sat at the desk and read a newspaper. She sat at the desk _ a newspaper.,Hearing,Being,smiling,reading,表伴随状况,时间状语,原因状语,方式状语,Tell the difference
25、s: 1.She keep the man waiting in the rain. 2. I will give the present to the student getting the first place. 3. Being ill, she went home. Questions: 1. 现在分词分别作什么成分？ 2. 现在分词的逻辑主语分别是什么？,宾补,定语,状语,宾补的逻辑主语是宾语；定语的逻辑主语是它所修饰的名词或代词；V -ing形式作状语时, 它的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语一致。,Grammar work 语法专练 用所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. Not _(kno
26、w) his address, I couldnt go to see him yesterday. 2. Look out(小心） for cars when _(cross) the street. 3. Not _ (invite) to the party, Mary was greatly hurt.,knowing,crossing,having been invited,4. He dived into the water, _ (leave) only his face exposed(暴露）. 5. When I got back home I saw a message p
27、inned(别在） to the door, _ (read写着) “Sorry to miss you; I will call later.” 6. _ (take) a deep breath, they dived into the water. 7. _ (close) the windows and the door, the students left the room.,leaving,reading,Taking,Having closed,Grammar quiz 语法小测 1. When _ different cultures, we often pay attenti
28、on only to the differences without noticing many similarities. A. compared B. being compared C. comparing D. having compared,C,2. Whenever he was asked why he was late for class, he would answer carelessly, always _ the same thing. A. saying B. said C. to say D. having said,A,1. Having not seen the
29、film, I cant tell you what I think of it. 2. The men worked for extra hours got an extra pay. 3. Seen from the top of the hill, we find the city more beautiful.,Not having,working,Seeing,单句改错,4. “ Cant you read?” the man said, angrily pointed to the notice on the wall. 5. Generally speak, facial exp
30、ressions are helpful communications, too. 6. European football is played in 80 countries, made it the most popular sport in the world.,pointing,making,speaking,1. _the piano, someone suddenly knocked at the door. A. Playing B. When I was playing C. Repairing D. Examining,Choose the best answer.,2. M
31、other caught the boy _ in the corner. A. smoke B. to smoke C. being smoked D. smoking,3. _ the programme, they have to stay there for another 2 weeks. A. Not completing B. Not completed C. Not having completed D. Having not completed,4. “We cant go out in this weather”, said Bob, _ out of the window
32、. A. looking B. to look C. looked D. having looked,5. _ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered,6.I was told that there were about 50 foreign students _ Chinese in the school, most_were from Germany. （2006年
33、辽宁卷）A. study; of whom B. study; of themC. studying; of them D. studying; ofwhom,高考链接,7. Dont sit there _ nothing. Come and help me with this table. （2006年 湖北卷） A. do B. to do C. doing D. and doing,8. Can I smoke here? Sorry. We dont allow _ here. (2007年 江苏卷） A. people smoking B. people smoke C. to smoke D. smoking,Thank You,